關於 the sword in the stone ，我們在網路上蒐集到這些相關的討論、資訊與評價

我想沒有人會否定「地理大發現」對於世界史的重要影響性。

事實上，美洲進入到全球貿易鏈，對於很多地區都產生天翻地覆的影響。這裡就舉一個美洲土產─白銀。
白銀是無庸置疑的貴金屬，當歐洲殖民者挖到大量美洲白銀，自然是充飽了自家荷包，而且歐洲商人很快就發現：白銀是與中國進行貿易的利器。
相信不少人透過影視劇，會對中國古代使用「銀元寶」的印象。不過這裡要大力澄清，民間是不會用銀元寶作為日常消費的貨幣，特別是「切兩斤熟牛肉、燙一壺好酒」這樣的大俠生活購物，因為民間的小額消費，通常用銅錢就可以搞定，而平均來說，1兩銀子能兌換1000枚銅錢，所以丟銀兩給店家，店家只會覺得你在找麻煩，因為接收的面額太大會很難找錢。(如果有人問：ㄟ？那大額的交易呢？這就可以用到銀兩吧？我就這麼比喻：請問有多少人去買房子時，身上會帶滿現金去做交易？因此，雖然不像現代人如此方便及可靠，但古代面對大額交易還是會避免使用到現金，因為大量現金也是很不方便地。)
所以白銀在中國其實是官府承認的稅收貨幣，畢竟官府不想收到堆積如山的銅錢(占空間)，而且貴金屬在古代是最有力的資金保障。(其實直到現代，各國央行不也還是有黃金儲備的狀況？所以經濟的很多概念其實是跨時代相通的。)
不過中國不產銀，在資源稀缺的前提下，16世紀以前，中過歷朝政府除了白銀，也接納實物(例如：米、布匹，甚至是魚乾)作為稅金，甚至給官員發薪水時，還直接就把徵收到的實物當作工資。
而地理大發現後，因為歐洲商人帶入大量的美洲白銀，終於讓明朝政府將雜七雜八的稅收項目，統一成只用白銀作為稅收依據，這著名代表就是張居正的「一條鞭法」，由此可見地理大發現對於中國的影響。

以上，是課本會談到的內容。
但我豈會只說課本會教到的事？事實上，美洲白銀進入中國，有一個國家或是地區，可說是受到極大的影響，那就是......日本。

前面提到，中國是部產銀的，那地理大發現前就在中國流通的白白從何而來？答案就是擁有銀礦的日本。
(其實在中學提到荷治時期，就有一些圖片會顯示荷蘭人會交易日本的白銀，在台灣經過轉運後，送到中國進行貿易交換。)
而當時跟中國密切往來的日本諸侯叫做大內氏，這是因為大內氏的地盤在九州以及中國一帶(這裡的中國，是日本的中國地方，也就是本州島上靠近九州以及四國的區域)，距離中國近；除此之外，大內氏的領地內又擁有石見銀山這樣的銀礦區，這樣的地利，讓大內氏能透過和中國的貿易而轉取利潤，進而使大內氏擁有強大的勢力稱霸。
但地理大發現後，美洲白銀進入中國，這代表什麼？那就是大內氏的銀礦貿易不再像過往吃香了，這連帶影響大內氏過往稱霸的資源。
大勢的轉變，使大內氏改用其他方式彌補資源上的銳減，而這種方式就是：加強地區內的徵稅。稅收的提高，開始產生下一個影響：部分原先臣服大內的地方勢力開始心生不滿。
於是中國地區的尼子氏反叛大內氏，大內與尼子展開中國地區的爭霸，這帶來接下來兩個影響。
一、大內因為中國地區的戰事，導致他們對九州地區掌控力的衰弱，使得九州地區的另一個地方勢力─大友氏，後來逐漸併吞掉大內原先的九州領地。
二、大內與尼子的中國爭霸，使兩家實力都有所衰退，這就給予另一個原先小到讓所有人忽視的地方勢力擁有可趁之機。那個地方勢力的掌權者叫做：毛利元就，後來毛利元就利用大內、尼子間的矛盾，將兩家各個擊破，最終統一了中國地區。
說到這，我想熟悉日本戰國的朋友應該就比較有印象了。因為毛利元就號稱戰國時代的「謀聖」(在信常之野望的系列中，毛利元就通常會被設定為智力最高的腳色，大家可以想像成三國系列的諸葛亮就是了)，而大友家則是早期九州地區最強的勢力(麾下還有號稱西國最強戰將的立花道雪)。
換言之，美洲的白銀，竟然牽動日本戰國的早期發展，由此可見這個貿易新格局的能量變動相當巨大。

但以上我們都是以世界的角度去看美洲，但我們是否有用「美洲的角度去認識美洲」呢？
(我舉一個例子，馬雅文化大家知道吧？現在一大堆人對馬雅文化的認識大多是神祕學，甚至是類似外星文明在地球的象徵。可之所以有此看法，那是因為我們用外人的角度去瞎猜馬雅文化。如果我們真的認識馬雅文化，並以當地時空背景資源出發，就不難發現以上的說法及猜想有多麼可笑。
說馬雅人的年曆只編到2012，所以那時是世界末日？開玩笑，我馬雅人就只是編到那年就先沒編下去不行嗎？
說馬雅人的圖畫有疑似外星人的噴射飛行物？那埃及壁畫中那些狗頭人身、鳥頭人身是什麼？基因改造工程？
在這裡還是推薦大家去看「馬雅人」的粉專，其實馬雅文化的研究已經有某些程度的進展及理解，沒必要再看圖瞎猜，更沒必要人云亦云了。)

所以我們終於要進入重點，對......當然是抽書啦。
本次出版社提供《白銀、刀劍與石頭：魔幻土地上的三道枷鎖，拉丁美洲的傷痕與試煉》就有談到美洲，還有美洲被拉入世界貿易體系情的歷史發展，對於想認識地理大發現以及美洲歷史的朋友，我認為是相當有幫助的作品。
那想要有機會獲得，請完成以下動作：
1.
按讚及公開分享本文
2.
請在本篇文章底下留言「白銀、刀劍與石頭，拉丁美洲的傷痕與試煉」

就有機會將本書抽獎帶回家，我們將在一周後選出2位幸運的朋友，有興趣的人可以來試試手氣喔。

購書可往此處走：
https://www.books.com.tw/products/0010894584?sloc=main

#白銀刀劍與石頭
#時報出版

「地獄空」攝影集即將在八月中元節前出版，由知名設計師與攝影家黃子欽設計，內附在下二位高徒精美繪製符咒、心經版畫書籤、愣嚴咒牌、尊勝咒語...等，感恩十方大德助印，希望疫情退散，平安喜樂，後記如下：

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創立於1986年的石門金剛宮風景優美可眺望北濱，雖主祀四面佛，儒釋道眾神尊也不含糊，可過七星橋解厄、繞行五百黝黑羅漢敲鑼印心、跪拜亞洲最大臥佛涅槃像，安太歲自不在話下，甲子太歲爺雙眼長出手掌印象甚深，1994年經閻羅王指示廟公建造一條肚內設極樂世界及陰曹地府之神龍，行走暗黑通道觸動感應機關，只見面容猙獰受刑者呼天搶地喊冤、身邊盡是血肉糢糊殘肢敗屍腦漿塗地，十殿閻羅各司其職、威儀攝人。新北市林口區青嶺湖北文紫祥宮包公廟則以壁面彩塑地獄浮雕獨步全台，粉嫩色彩搭配卡漫風格，尤為造型簡直恐怖到可愛透頂，該廟主祀森羅殿閻羅天子包拯（包青天），陽世冤屈者可至此參拜祭解，求破懸案者眾，逢中元普渡皆以紙紮船渡亡魂至彼岸，全台唯一閻羅天子巨像籌備中，四周環繞墓地，適合修不淨觀也。台灣首尊彰化八卦山大佛旁南天宮（1971）地府則是首座電動地府，規模精小但驚嚇度破表，略顯破敗但五光十色仍蠻凶悍，出自已故台南大道長金登富之作，而電動神明起始可追溯至1960年代北港朝天宮。倒是嘉義水上鄉白人牙膏觀光工廠「戴相府」、「將軍府」設置十殿地府出乎意料之外，乾淨亮麗、ㄧ殿ㄧ間、簡單樸實。由高雄蓮潭龍虎塔龍口入內可見全臺唯一交趾陶地獄牆面，尊尊栩栩如生，續入龍身乃進聞聲救苦白衣觀音大士三十三化身浮雕隧道，造型設色甚為古錐。高雄大岡山超峰寺入口處「西方三聖蓮池海會」（阿彌陀佛、觀世音菩薩、大勢至菩薩巨像）旁設靜態十殿閻羅（1970年代初），雖略為陳舊然韻味猶存，續往上行可抵「證菩提道－釋迦如來應化事迹」雕塑園區，一攬世尊畢生精華。如來年邁時，琉璃國王為報長期被釋迦族輕蔑之傲慢心，世尊雖三次單獨伽跌坐 阻擋大軍進攻之路，但因緣果報無法逆轉，昔日婢女所生王子瞋恨無以復加，還是滅了祖國。自持神通第一目犍連不忍無辜百姓慘遭屠殺，遂以缽盛救度五百族人，最終卻化為血水，佛言神通廣大仍不敵千百劫業力，因緣果報屢試不爽。其母死後墜入餓鬼道飢餓難耐，目犍連遂展神通救渡，但所食尚未入口皆化為赤火，佛陀囑咐農曆七月十五日僧眾解安居自恣日，於盆中設甘露美食供養十方僧眾，因此超度亡母。後世「盂蘭盆法會」乃至「水懺法會」、「瑜珈焰口法會 」皆為消業障、斷塵垢之超渡儀軌，既渡亡魂也自懺悔。

台南麻豆代天府規模宏大、造型豔麗，不但可遊十八層地獄尚可逛天堂（1979年興建，1983年開放)，燈光絢爛、聲響駭人，獨自漫步宛如觀落陰、地獄走一回。先過「心頭山」、入「清心池」、進「陰陽界」、抵「交簿廳」、達「鬼門關」、遊「補經所」、探「枉死城」、行「奈何橋」，至ㄧ殿泰廣王照「孽鏡台」現造惡原形，睹抱柱、火床等小地獄。二殿楚江王開「陰查簿 」判案定奪，觀糞尿泥、餓鬼、舞池、寒冰、膿血、鞭韃、舌犁、劍葉、戟腹拋接、砧截……等小地獄。三殿宋帝王刑罰為倒吊、銅鐵刮臉、挖眼、搗樁、倒烤、吸血、穿肋、抽筋、蛆蛀等小地獄……兼遊「四生（胎、卵、濕、化）回魂府」。四殿五官王掌管腰斬、拔舌、沸湯、刺嘴、剝皮、箭樹、車崩、射眼……等十六小地獄。隨五殿森羅王豋「望鄉臺」回眸親人最終眼後觀擊膝、誅心、刀山、飛刀火石……小地獄。六殿卞城王別稱「大叫喚大地獄」，轄火牛、虎啖、噬腎、鉗嘴含鍼、釘喉、磨摧、砍頭……等小地獄。七殿泰山王為「熱惱大地獄」，窺烙手指、抽腸、頂石蹲身、油釜滾烹、割舌穿腮……等十六小地獄。八殿都市王掌管「大熱惱大地獄」兼火狗、鐵汁、鐵蛇、鋸劈斷肢、釘板、灸脊、鐵丸、磅秤……等小地獄。九殿平等王直轄十八層「阿鼻大地獄」，直透地心、內中陰森、不見五指、滿溢地漿，皆為極犯，另轄紫赤毒蛇鑽孔、夾頂、鐵鴉、針雨、蜂蠍……等小地獄。至十殿輪轉王上「觀生臺」、「轉劫所八司」（查驗司 、稽善司 、考過司 、恩怨司 、壽命司 、支配司、掌劫司 、授生司）後至「孟婆亭」飲「醧忘湯」忘盡前塵往事，依前世功德過金、銀、玉、石、木、竹六種橋樑至「轉輪臺（紫河車）」入六道輪迴轉生投胎。據《十八泥犁經》記載，人過世後七七四十九天為「中陰生」，經閻羅王審判善惡業力判定去留或懲罰百千萬劫，犯五逆重罪則墮入「無間地獄（阿鼻地獄）」永劫不復。地藏王乃幽冥教主，統轄十殿閻羅，逢三曹普渡便在各殿設「講道所」超度尚存善根之鬼魂。

人類居於五趣（阿修羅、人、傍生、餓鬼、地獄）雜居地五濁惡世之堪忍世界，犯十惡業（殺生、偷盜、邪淫、妄語、兩舌、惡口、綺語、貪慾、嗔恚、愚痴）者必墮三趣惡道。如何出「三界」（欲界、色界、無色界）二十八天？凡人無此意識，別說能破「十二因緣」（無明、行、識、名色、六入、觸、受、愛、取、有、生、老死）還滅門，更別想斷除「四聖諦」（苦、集、滅、道）集地八十一品見惑與八十八使思惑（五利使-身見、邊見、邪見、見取見、戒禁取見、五鈍使-貪、瞋、癡、慢、疑），了悟「五蘊」（色、受、想、行、識）本空、「十二入」（眼、耳、鼻、舌、意、色、聲、香、味、觸、法）空、「十八界」空，破俱生我執與分別我執、法執甚至空執，生十一處「善心所」（信、精進、慚、愧、無貪、無瞋、無痴、輕安、不放逸、行捨、不害），降二十六處「惡心所」（貪、瞋、癡、慢、疑、惡見、忿、恨、覆、惱、嫉、慳、誑、諂、害、憍、無慚、無愧、掉舉、惛沉、不信、懈怠、放逸、失念、散亂、不正知），須知善根斷盡則陷永劫輪迴、無垠轉世之苦。

地獄可能空滅嗎？若地獄空乏人間多鬼怪，地獄淨空世間何嘗非淨土？若能證空性何處現地獄？

地獄曠古來便廣泛流傳各部族間，老死生滅為自然運行之基礎、宇宙意識之核心，然今文明昌盛如咱城邦並非慾望消弭之所，惡性所及實無可根除，礙於憲法國家法律社會軍隊企業公司學校家庭團體之層層束縛不亞於十八層，乃遁於壓抑、束己情懷，暗埋心底、日久貪嗔痴慢疑怨噌會疊穢。而六塵未熄，心多妄念，妖魔鬼怪魑魅魍魎孤魂閃靈出沒於荒郊乃至人間，會靈於曠野密林以增性靈乃出世高人修煉之舉，我等凡人擅闖宛如迪士尼般之人造地獄，三魂七魄尚不足以出竅，驚邪恐怖淒厲猙獰倒滿足了自以為是的慚愧，豈不謬哉？

病毒肆虐年半有餘，全球確診者逼近一億八千萬，枉死者近四百萬，堪比戰爭規模，望眾生發慈悲心、令往生者安息、善待其他物種、平等有情眾生。地獄本空，唯妄念生起一切羨慕嫉妒恨而地獄現前。盡以此書作為世界新冷戰獨裁者、超限戰者、暗網駭客、陰險狡猾冷嘲熱諷落井下石者之良知備忘錄矣。

姚瑞中寫於2021年端午節

Postscript

I have been living recklessly in Taiwan for more than fifty years. According to Zi Wei Dou Shu (Purple Star Astrology), Tan Lang is the sole star in my house of Self. This star, which represents xxx, forms an equilateral triangle with that star Qi Sha and Po Jun on the square chart and constitutes a Sha Po Lang pattern. The pattern indicates a kind of turbulence and change, a life of wandering with ups and downs and it tells a lot about my life. After my ill-fated youth, I started from scratch and traveled around the world with exhibitions that I participated. Like a flaneur, I wandered around ruins, nature, and temples with every type of film camera obliviously. Thus, I founded the Hall of Illusion and claimed to be the master of the hall. Several times a day, I pondered a quote from the Diamond Sutra, “Everything with form is unreal.” In addition, I usually stayed in the darkroom developing film and enlarging those negatives overnight. However, I treasured the simplicity of the black and white world. The earthly, gaudy, garish, phony and pleasing qualities within colored photos make the images even more realistic than the real world. It is not my cup of tea, so I seldom took colored photos. In Confucian thought, the age of fifty marks the stage knowing the mandate of Heaven. I am now at my fifties and realize how ephemeral human life is. However, I am not an immortal, nor having sagelike characteristics. I just learned that the stage of stainless (the second bhūmi) and develop a pure mind that is free from doubt and defilement. However, I’m still far from the immovable state and need to practice.

In the summer of 2017, after filming the work Incarnation, I experienced a severe heart rhythm problem which almost triggered myocardial infarction and could have killed me. Consequently, I realized that death was waiting for me and the life is too short to figure out how I can liberate myself from the cycle of Birth and Death. I couldn’t comprehend how to be free from all afflictions and worries and how to avoid delusive ideas. I wept for three days and nights after being enlightened by Shakyamuni Buddha. Up to the moment, I felt ashamed that I failed to realize that the self is as insignificant as dust after these years learning and practicing Buddhism. Since then, I have visited famous temples and monasteries in my spare time, worshiping Buddha, Bodhisattvas, arhats, and all the deities and immortals. Taiwan’s temples are myriad with a enormous number of sects, including Buddhism, Taoism, Yiguandao, Catholicism, Christianity, Chinese religions of fasting, Islam& Baháʼí Faith, Confucianism, Tiandiism& Tian-De Teachings, Xiwangmu cult, Yellow Emperor Sect, Precosmic Salvationism, Liism, World Wide Ethical Society, séance cult, etc. Some people even claim that they can mediate communication between the deities or spirits of the dead with human beings, having their believer rely on themselves instead of the orthodox dharma or dogma and pay excessive respect and admiration for the mediums or objects, accumulating wealth through such an unfair means or even harassing their believer sexually. Due to Taiwan’s historical changes, social turbulence, political struggles, and ideological issues, Buddhism and Taoism are somehow mixed. However, there are few emphases on the concept of the hell. As I took photographs of Yama of each court, judges, wardens of the underworld, jailers, General Fan and Hsieh (the ghost escorts) and all sinners, I found few temples cleverly created hellish scenes that are intriguing, exaggerating, and extraordinary. However, the creations are unparalleled unique. I have been studying Western arts for decades and then I came to realize that simplicity makes the most beautiful works of art. These hellish scenes can even compete with works of Giotto di Bondone (1267-1337) and Michelangelo Di lodovico Buonarroti Simoni (1475-1564).

Jingang Temple Shimen District, founded in 1986, overlooks the beautiful North shore. Although the temple is mainly dedicated to Phra Phrom (the Thai representation of Mahabrahma), spirits of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism can also be founded in the temple. The worshipper can go cross the Seven Star bridge to relieve bad luck, walk along the five hundred arhat statues and knock on the gong to affirm one’s Buddha nature. Furthermore, the worshipper can also prostrate themself before Asia’s largest statue of Buddha in Nirvana (the Reclining Buddha statue) and pacify the Taoist Tai Sui deity of the year. I was impressed by the Jia-Zi Tai Sui General that a pair of palms grow out of his eyes. In 1994, the biō-kong (the person taking charge of the temporal affairs of a temple) received a divine inspiration from Yama (the King of Hell) that he had to build a sacred hall in the shape of a divine dragon, with the interior designed according to the World of Ultimate Bliss and the Underworld. When the visitor walks in the dark hallway, they will see the tortured people (dioramas, of course) scrunching their faces and crying bitterly and loudly in excessive grief as the visitor triggers the mechanism. One will even find them in the midst of flesh, body liquid and blood, mutilated limbs, and rotten corpses. While each of the ten Yamas are focusing on their own duties, showing their sacred dignity that collect visitors’ attention. The Baogong Temple in Linkou District, New Taipei City exclusively features colorful depiction of hellish scenes in relief in Taiwan. With its pastel shades and cartoon-like style, the relief is both grotesque and adorable at the same time. This temple is dedicated to Bao Zhen (also known as Justice Bao) representing the incarnation of Yama. Living people who have been treated unjustly can come worshipping Bao Gong and receive exorcism. Therefore, many people come here for seeking to solve unsolved cases. In Zhongyuan Festival (the ghost festival), the temple will burn the Zhizha (paper craft) boat to ferry the ghosts to the other shore, which is the shore of enlightenment. The only giant statue of Yama in Taiwan is still in the making. The temple is surrounded by a cemetery, suitable for meditating on the loathsomeness and impurity. Nantian Temple (1971), located next to the Eight Trigram Mountains Buddha in Changhua, features the first animatronic underworld. Despite the small size, the animatronic underworld is intensely shocking. Though it’s slightly worn, the colorful dioramas are still brutally ferocious. The creator was the late venerable Dao Zhang (Taoist priest) Jing Deng-fu while the origin of animatronic deities can be traced back to the 1960s Beigang Chaotian Temple. On the contrary, the Whiteman Toothpaste Tourism Factory in Shuishang Township, Chiayi, features ten Yamas with individual booth. The place is unexpectedly clean and polished yet keeps a simple and modest tone. Then, the Dragon Pagoda of the Dragon and Tiger Pagodas at Lotus Lake in Zuoying, Kaohsiung, holds the only relief of hellish scenes made of Kochin ceramic. All the figures are vivid and life-like. If one goes further into the pagoda, they will see a relief tunnel of the thirty-three incarnations of the white-robed form of Guanyin (Avalokiteśvara) on a white lotus, with a lovely and interesting design. Another Hall of Yama is built in the 1970s next to the entrance of Dagangshan Chaofeng Temple, located in the Alian District of Kaohsiung. Visitors will also see three statues of the Three Holy Ones of the Western Pureland (Amitābha, Avalokiteśvara, Mahāsthāmaprāpta) which assemble at a lotus pond. Although the hellish scene looks somewhat antiquated, you may still find its previous charm. If one goes further, they will reach the sculptural garden of “Attaining the Bodhi Way: the Incarnation of Sakyamuni Buddha,” where the visitor can see the essence of Bhagavato’s (meaning the Blessed one, one of the common epithets for Buddha) life. When Tathāgata (another epithet for Buddha) was old, the king of Kosala wanted to avenge the arrogance of the tribe of Shakyas who had long despised him, regarding him as a son of a maiden. Although Buddha has sat in lotus position alone three times to stop the army from attacking his tribe. However, one can never reverse the cause and following karma. The prince born of a maiden was so furious that he eventually destroyed his homeland. Maudgalyāyana (one of the Buddha’s closest disciples), who is said to have had supernatural abilities that surpassed the other disciples, could not bear to see the slaughter of innocent people. Thus, he saved five hundred people of his tribe with a pātra (an eating utensil of Buddhist monks). Unfortunately, everything he did was in vain, those who were saved eventually turned into a puddle of blood. The Buddha said that the supernatural abilities cannot surpass the power of karma. The cause and effect work all the time. When Maudgalyāyana’s mother fell into the path of hungry ghost, he used his supernatural abilities to save his mother from hunger. However, all the food turned into fire before being fed to his mother. Later, the Buddha commanded the monks to put nectar and dishes in a basin on the 15th day of the seventh month in the lunar calendar for the monks from all directions to free his mother from reincarnation. In later times, the Ullambana Dharma Service, the Compassionate Samadhi Water Repentance, and the Yoga Collection for Feeding the Searing Mouths Dharma Service are rituals to eliminate karmic hindrance and to cease to worldly delusions. Through such practices, one can free the dead as well as confess their repentance.

Madou Daitian Temple is a magnificent and colorful temple in Tainan. Not only can the worshippers visit the eighteen levels of Hell but also the Heaven (it was built in 1979 and inaugurated in 1983) here. The lighting and sound effects are stunning and frightening. When walking alone in the space, one may feel like taking a Guan Luo Yin trip (a Taoist necromancy which leads people’s spirits to hell and communicate with the dead ones) to visit the underworld prison. Before arriving the first court of the underworld, the visitor will walk through the Mountain of Heart Summit, the Pure Heart Pond, the Frontier between the Living and the Dead Realms, the Soul Registry Hall, the Portico of Demons, the Center for Complementary Teaching of Canonical Books, the Citadel of Premature Death, and the Bridge of Vanity. When one arrives at the first court, they will see King Chin-guang, who is in charge of the court, using the Mirror of Retribution to show the earthly form of evil creatures and also witness the sub-hell of Pillar-Holding and Fire Bed, etc. At the second court, King Chu-jiang collates the register of sins the souls of the dead have committed to impose the punishments. Here, you will see the sub-hell of Excrement and Urine, Hungry Ghost, Burning Dance Floor, Ice, Pus and Blood, Whipping, Tongue-Raking, Sword Blade, Stomach-Piercing, Chopping, etc. Next, the dead at the third court, ruled by King Song-di, will receive the punishments including inversion tortures, face-skinning with steel and copper knife, eye-wrenching, pounding, blood-sucking, rib-piercing, roasting, tendon-taking, being eaten by maggots. The visitor can pay a visit to the Palace of Soul-Resuscitation for the Four Forms of Creatures (birth from an egg, birth from a womb, birth from moisture, and birth by transformation). King Wu-guan is in charge of the fourth court. There are sixteen sub-hells at the fourth court including Waist Chop, Tongue Removal, Boiling Pond, Mouth-stabbing, Skin-peeling, Sword Tree, Burning Wheels and Cart, Eye-shooting, etc. Next, at the fifth court, sinful souls are allowed to ascend the Tower of Hometown-Viewing to take a final look of their family. The visitor will witness sub-hells of Knee-striking, Heart-slicing, Blade Mountain, Flying Swords and Burning Stones, etc. The King of Bian City takes charge of the sixth court, which is also known as the “Great Hell of Screaming,” with sub-hells including Fire Cattle, Tiger-Biting, Kidney-Eating, Mouth-Poking, Throat-Nailing, Iron Mill, Decapitation, etc. The King of Tai-shan is in charge of the seventh court, the “Great Hell of Heat and Fire.” The sixteen sub-hells at this court include Finger-Searing, Bowel-Hauling, Stone-Bearing, Boiling Oil, Tongue-Removal and Cheek-Piercing, etc. Next, the King Du-shi is in charge of the eighth court, the “Great Hell of Intense Fire and Heat,” and the sub-hells including Fire Dogs, Molten Iron, Iron Snakes, Dismemberment, Steel Spikes, Burning-Marrow, Iron Ball, Scale, etc. The ninth court is ruled by the King Ping-deng. It is known as the biggest court, Avici Hell (the Hell of Incessant Suffering), which if the lowest level of the hell realm and the interior is gloomily and terrifyingly dark. Those who committed the most serious evil deed will be sent to the Avici Hell. Sub-hells such as Poisonous Snake, Brain-Removal, Crow-Gnawing, Raining Needles, Wasps and Scorpions are included at this court. After arriving the tenth court, ruled by the Great King of the Reincarnation Palace, one can visit the “Observatory of Life on earth” and the “eight bureaus of the Reincarnation Palace” (including the Bureau of Judicial Control, the Bureau of Good-Actions, the Bureau of Bad-Actions, the Bureau of Debts, Gratitude, and Vengeance, the Bureau of Longevity and Destiny, the Bureau of Familial Ties, the Bureau of the Reincarnated, and the Bureau of Birth). The sinful one will be sent to the Pavilion of Mengpo and made to drink the Soup of Forgetfulness to forget all past affairs. According to the sinful one’s merits of previous life, they will go across one of the six bridges (gold, silver, jade, stone, wood, bamboo) to the “Reincarnation-Wheel (Wheel on the Crimson River).” Finally, one is able to reborn in the six realms. According to the Aṣṭadaśa nāraka sutra ( the Eighteen Hells Sutra), after one passes away, they will enter an intermediate and transitional state between death and rebirth, known as antarābhava in Sanskrit, for forty-nine days. The being will be evaluated by Yama, who will decide if one should get reborn or get punished at the hell. Those who committed the Five Grave Offenses (killing one’s father, killing one’s mother, killing an Arhat, shedding the blood of a Buddha, and creating a schism within the community of Buddhist monks and nun who practice for attaining enlightenment.) will be sent to the Avici Hell and stay there eternally. Kṣitigarbha is the Lord of the Nether World, ruling the ten court of Hell. The lord will set up the “Hall of Teaching” at each court to salvage those sinful ones who still obtain few merits at the offering rituals.

Human beings live the Sahā world (sahāloka in Sanskrit, meaning “endurance of suffering,” a concept of mundane world in Mahāyāna Buddhism) where they share with other reincarnations (including beings of the hells, of the preta, and of malevolent nature spirits) with five turbidities (the Kalpa turbidity, the view turbidity, the affliction turbidity, the living beings turbidity, and the life turbidity). Those who commit the ten evil deeds (killing, stealing, adultery, lying, using immoral language, slandering, equivocating, coveting, anger, and false views) must fall into the three evil paths (animals, preta, and hell). However, how can one escape from the three realms/ twenty-eight heavens (including the six heavens of the desire realm, the eighteen heavens of the form realm, and the four heavens of the formless realm)? Worldly people who don’t have such an awareness cannot leave the cycle of the twelve nidanas (meaning causes or motivations), let alone eliminate the eighty-one afflictions (that have been produced due to misunderstanding regarding reality) and the eighty-eight illusions (including five afflictions of advanced practitioners, also known as five views: view of self, extreme view, evil view, view of attachment to views, and view of morality; and five unintelligent temptations: desire, anger, stupidity, arrogance, and doubt) of thought within the three realms and four Arya satyas (noble truths, including suffering, arising, ending, and path). They cannot realize that the essence of the five skandhas (referring to aggregates of clinging, including the matter of form, sensation, recognition, mental formation, and consciousness) , the twelve ayatana (meaning sense base, including six internal bases: eye, ear, nose, tongue, body, and mind and six external bases: visible objects, sound, odor, taste, touch, and mental objects), and the eighteen dhātavah (meaning compositional elements of human existence, including six consciousness, six faculties, and their objects) are the emptiness and the void. Furthermore, they cannot dispel the two reasons for clinging to the idea of the self and the attachment to elemental constructs and even believe in the two (false) tenets that that karma and nirvana are not real and that the ego and phenomena are real. As a consequence, they fail to develop the eleven wholesome mental factors (faith, energy, conscience, being ashamed, non-attachment, non-aggression, non-delusion, calmness, equanimity, conscientiousness, and non-injuriousness) and cease the sixteen unwholesome mental factors (desire, greed, anger, delusion, arrogance, doubt, wrong view, wrath, enmity, hypocrisy, vexation, jealousy, parsimony, deceit, flattery, harming, ambitiousness, stupidity, lacking of faith, idleness, being unrestrained, forgetting, distraction, non-discernment, ). One must bear in mind that once all our virtuous roots are discontinued, they will be trapped in the never-ending reincarnation and the suffering of infinite continuity.
Is it possible that the hell will be empty one day? If the beings in hell will become extinct while evil spirits inhabit the mundane world, the world could be considered as a pure land. If we could witness the nature of the void, then hell will exist no more.
Since ancient times, the concept of hell has been widely spread among all tribes. Aging, death, beginning, and end are the basis of nature and the core of cosmic consciousness. However, the prosperous civilization as our island is not a place where desire can be eliminated. It’s impossible to eradicate evil nature. Since fetters brought by the constitution, the state, the law, society, the military, corporations, schools, families, and groups are not less than the eighteen levels of hell, the mortals repress themselves, bury their feelings. Day after day, greed, anger, stupidity, arrogance, doubt, and resentment are stacking. However, since the six dust (visible objects, sound, odor, taste, touch, and mental objects) has not yet been extinguished, people in the mundane world are still full of delusions. The demons, devils, evil spirits, and the wondering dead exist in the wilderness, while only advanced practitioners with transcendent would attempt to make contact with the dead in the wasteland and forest. Worldly people like us trespass in Disneyland-like man-made hell. It is absurd and ridiculous that the hellish scenes cannot stop us from perpetrating evil deeds, but the horrific and cruel scenes yet satisfy our self-righteous shame.

The pandemic has been boiling over for more than a year and a half. The number of infected patients worldwide is nearly a hundred and eighty million, and the death toll has risen to four million, which is equivalent to a war crisis. I hope that we can all be compassionate, give peace to the dead, treat all sentient beings well and equally. The hell is innately empty; however, deluded and misleading thoughts would give rise to all jealousy and hatred and then manifest the hell before us. This book merely serves as a memorandum of conscience for dictators of the world’s new cold war, supporters of unrestrained warfare, dark web hackers, and those who are cunning and contemptuous and maltreat others when knowing they have problems.

June 2021,

Yao Jui-chung

漢聲廣播電台「fb新鮮事」節目
李基銘主持人

本集主題：「享譽全球十鼓擊《池中劍》山水實景秀　宜蘭明池限定登場」介紹

訪問：胡智銘 雄獅旅遊 副總經理
　　　江逸芹 十鼓擊樂團 經理
　　　
力麗集團飯店事業(以下簡稱力麗觀光)與國際級表演藝術團體十鼓擊樂團攜手合作，打造明池藝術季活動，將演出由十鼓擊樂團為明池湖量身訂製的劇碼 – 《池中劍The Sword in the Ink Stone》。有【北橫明珠】美譽的明池森林遊樂園區，層峰疊翠猶如人間仙境；有【東方俠客】美稱的十鼓，氣勢軒昂揮動池中寶劍。由力麗觀光董事長蔡宗易及十鼓擊樂團團長謝十邀請您，親臨感受一場在海拔一千多公尺的國際級藝術體驗。

「十」代表鼓棒交疊，匯集十方能量，十鼓擊樂團自2000年創團至今20餘年，是來自臺南在地知名國際級表演藝術團隊，巡演足跡遍佈世界五大洲、演出超過萬場，走遍30多個國家，更受美國葛萊美獎、獨立音樂獎、臺灣金曲獎國內外三大獎項提名肯定，透過鼓樂藝術來傳創台灣文化。屢獲世界音樂獎項青睞的十鼓擊樂團，經營水中劇場十年有餘頗負好評，首度進軍宜蘭秘境 - 素有北橫明珠之稱的宜蘭力麗馬告生態園區明池湖，結合明池設計理念：墨池、書法、枯木與東方俠客隱身於山林之意象，創作《池中劍The Sword in the Ink Stone》。

《池中劍The Sword in the Ink Stone》劇碼運用明池湖三大元素：墨池、書法、枯木進行演繹，並與明池周邊山林中的巨大天然白木林群互相呼應。曲目共分為八段：《五行音》由排鼓及鋁片琴貫穿，運用五行交融演繹大自然的浩瀚與傳統。《風馳雷掣》以板鼓、四棰演奏及三音鼓展現雷鳴、甘霖、雷火、雲雷、雷息。《十八羅漢鼓》演出者以腿、身、腰、手、眼搭配十八個動作並配合擊鼓節奏展現憾動人心的樂音。《逐鹿躍動映明潭》以原民逐鹿傳說發現桃花源，最後在三口鐘聲下結合過去與現在。《天空斬》以鼓樂、吹打樂及劇場身段描繪關聖青龍偃月刀之義。《吹牛雞》詮釋鄉間好勝公雞加以打溜子演奏手法豐富此曲意境。《憶想之門》依風、林、火、山譜曲，演奏者以孫子兵法之八卦陣圖移行換位詮釋鴨母王朱一貴內門起義壯舉。最後以《山之喚》這段曲目有感於大自然力量，由天鼓、側鼓、三音鼓、小堂鼓詮釋巨木群高聳入雲氣勢，展現出明池湖的生命力。在山嵐繚繞、如夢似幻的明池湖，以俠客行走於山水筆墨中為起點，一場絕無僅有的鼓樂藝術將於明池湖畔展開。

力麗觀光旗下之棲蘭、明池及馬告生態園區，以環境生態保育及永續經營為目標，因生態保育工作完善，保存了台灣大自然美景這塊寶藏。在力麗觀光蔡宗易董事長的推展之下，將力麗馬告生態園區內的明池湖打造成水劇場，強調生態環境與表演藝術的自然融合，此次更是邀請國際知名表演藝術團隊十鼓擊樂團為明池湖量身打造獨一無二的環境劇場。明池湖於四季皆有不同絕佳美景，六月正是享受滿山遍野、自然碧綠，庭院步道依著山勢而建，藍腹鷴在步道旁悠閒的散步，更是明池湖最迷人富有輕爽綠意的時刻。

粉絲頁： 十鼓仁糖文創園區

粉絲頁： 力麗馬告生態園區

粉絲頁： 雄獅旅遊Lion Travel
　　　
　　　
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本集主題：「享譽全球十鼓擊《池中劍》山水實景秀　宜蘭明池限定登場」介紹

訪問：胡智銘 雄獅旅遊 副總經理
　　　江逸芹 十鼓擊樂團 經理
　　　
力麗集團飯店事業(以下簡稱力麗觀光)與國際級表演藝術團體十鼓擊樂團攜手合作，打造明池藝術季活動，將演出由十鼓擊樂團為明池湖量身訂製的劇碼 – 《池中劍The Sword in the Ink Stone》。有【北橫明珠】美譽的明池森林遊樂園區，層峰疊翠猶如人間仙境；有【東方俠客】美稱的十鼓，氣勢軒昂揮動池中寶劍。由力麗觀光董事長蔡宗易及十鼓擊樂團團長謝十邀請您，親臨感受一場在海拔一千多公尺的國際級藝術體驗。

「十」代表鼓棒交疊，匯集十方能量，十鼓擊樂團自2000年創團至今20餘年，是來自臺南在地知名國際級表演藝術團隊，巡演足跡遍佈世界五大洲、演出超過萬場，走遍30多個國家，更受美國葛萊美獎、獨立音樂獎、臺灣金曲獎國內外三大獎項提名肯定，透過鼓樂藝術來傳創台灣文化。屢獲世界音樂獎項青睞的十鼓擊樂團，經營水中劇場十年有餘頗負好評，首度進軍宜蘭秘境 - 素有北橫明珠之稱的宜蘭力麗馬告生態園區明池湖，結合明池設計理念：墨池、書法、枯木與東方俠客隱身於山林之意象，創作《池中劍The Sword in the Ink Stone》。

《池中劍The Sword in the Ink Stone》劇碼運用明池湖三大元素：墨池、書法、枯木進行演繹，並與明池周邊山林中的巨大天然白木林群互相呼應。曲目共分為八段：《五行音》由排鼓及鋁片琴貫穿，運用五行交融演繹大自然的浩瀚與傳統。《風馳雷掣》以板鼓、四棰演奏及三音鼓展現雷鳴、甘霖、雷火、雲雷、雷息。《十八羅漢鼓》演出者以腿、身、腰、手、眼搭配十八個動作並配合擊鼓節奏展現憾動人心的樂音。《逐鹿躍動映明潭》以原民逐鹿傳說發現桃花源，最後在三口鐘聲下結合過去與現在。《天空斬》以鼓樂、吹打樂及劇場身段描繪關聖青龍偃月刀之義。《吹牛雞》詮釋鄉間好勝公雞加以打溜子演奏手法豐富此曲意境。《憶想之門》依風、林、火、山譜曲，演奏者以孫子兵法之八卦陣圖移行換位詮釋鴨母王朱一貴內門起義壯舉。最後以《山之喚》這段曲目有感於大自然力量，由天鼓、側鼓、三音鼓、小堂鼓詮釋巨木群高聳入雲氣勢，展現出明池湖的生命力。在山嵐繚繞、如夢似幻的明池湖，以俠客行走於山水筆墨中為起點，一場絕無僅有的鼓樂藝術將於明池湖畔展開。

力麗觀光旗下之棲蘭、明池及馬告生態園區，以環境生態保育及永續經營為目標，因生態保育工作完善，保存了台灣大自然美景這塊寶藏。在力麗觀光蔡宗易董事長的推展之下，將力麗馬告生態園區內的明池湖打造成水劇場，強調生態環境與表演藝術的自然融合，此次更是邀請國際知名表演藝術團隊十鼓擊樂團為明池湖量身打造獨一無二的環境劇場。明池湖於四季皆有不同絕佳美景，六月正是享受滿山遍野、自然碧綠，庭院步道依著山勢而建，藍腹鷴在步道旁悠閒的散步，更是明池湖最迷人富有輕爽綠意的時刻。


粉絲頁： 十鼓仁糖文創園區

粉絲頁：力麗馬告生態園區

粉絲頁： 雄獅旅遊Lion Travel




#李基銘 #fb新鮮事 #生活有意思 #快樂玩童軍
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エクスカリバーと剣を抜く勇者の作り方を解説してます！
マインクラフトの統合版とJAVA版のどちらでも作れます！

コマンド
/summon armor_stand ~ ~ ~ {ShowArms:1b,Rotation:[273f],Pose:{LeftArm:[284f,26f,0f],RightArm:[280f,325f,0f]}}

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■これまでにアップした動画
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music:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x_OwcYTNbHs

#マインクラフト #勇者 #作り方

【偽電影MV】
將英國民謠歌手️? #Passenger 最新專輯《Songs for the Drunk and Broken Hearted》中的《What You’re Waiting For?》一曲，配上2019年電影《#JOKER 小丑?》的片段，未知能否帶出歌曲中的情感？?

I edited a music video of ‘What You’re Waiting For’ from the latest album of @Passenger ‘Songs For The Drunk And Broken Hearted’, using clips from the 2019 @Warner Bros. Pictures film, Joker.

#JOKER小丑 #吟遊詩人 #你在等待什麼

?歌詞 Lyrics:
You live the dream, but you're still a dreamer
Your glass is full, but you're never fulfilled
Your grass is green, but their grass is greener
You'll never make it to the top of the hill

If this ain't enough, I don't know what you're waiting for
Is it money? Is it love? Is it something, but you're just not sure?
Well, I don't know what you're hoping to find but a happy heart and a peaceful mind
And if this ain't enough, then I don't know what you're waiting for
I just don't know what you're waiting for

You've come so far, but you keep pushin' farther
You've won the battle and you've won the war
You feel the burn, but you keep pushin' hardеr
But who the hell are you doing it for?

If this ain't еnough, I don't know what you're waiting for
Is it money? Is it love? Is it something, but you're just not sure?
Well, I don't know what you're hoping to find but a happy heart and a peaceful mind
And if this ain't enough, then I don't know what you're waiting for
I just don't know what you're waiting for

Some people got it all but never see what's under their noses, yeah
You've got a beautiful garden, but you never stop to smell the roses
If you stick or twist, then twist if you must, I suppose
But only if you're sure
It's really too big to ignore

I just don't know what you're waiting for
Don't know what you're waiting for
I don't know what you're waiting for
Don't know what you're waiting for

The new album 'Songs For The Drunk And Broken Hearted' is out now and available from https://www.passengermusic.com or listen here https://passenger.lnk.to/SFTDABH

收錄專輯：#SongsForTheDrunkAndBrokenHearted
Release Date: January 08, 2021
發行日期：2021年1月8日

Tracklist
1. Sword From The Stone
2. Tip Of My Tongue
3. What You're Waiting For
4. The Way The I Love You
5. Remember To Forget
6. Sandstorm
7. A Song for the Drunk and Broken Hearted
8. Suzanne
9. Nothing Aches Like A Broken Heart
10. London In The Spring
11. London In The Spring (Acoustic)
12. Nothing Aches Like A Broken Heart (Acoustic)
13. Suzanne (Acoustic)
14. A Song for the Drunk and Broken Hearted (Acoustic)
15. Sandstorm (Acoustic)
16. Remember To Forget (Acoustic)
17. The Way The I Love You (Acoustic)
18. What You're Waiting For (Acoustic)
19. Tip Of My Tongue (Acoustic)
20. Sword From The Stone (Acoustic)

Produced and Mixed by Chris Vallejo
Written by Mike Rosenberg
Mastered by Bob Ludwig & Chris Vallejo

Downloads include choice of MP3, WAV, or FLAC
https://passengermusic.com/collections/music/products/songs-for-the-drunk-and-broken-hearted-1

Follow Passenger Online: https://passengermusic.com
Facebook: https://Passenger.lnk.to/FacebookID
Twitter: https://Passenger.lnk.to/TwitterID
Instagram: https://Passenger.lnk.to/InstaID
Spotify: https://Passenger.lnk.to/SpotifyID
Apple Music: https://Passenger.lnk.to/AppleMusicID
YouTube: https://Passenger.lnk.to/YouTubeID
Deezer: https://Passenger.lnk.to/DeezerID