關於 word family dictionary ，我們在網路上蒐集到這些相關的討論、資訊與評價

[KINH NGHIỆM CÁ NHÂN] #CÁCH_HỌC_TỪ_VỰNG_TIẾNG_ANH
#1. HỌC THEO COLLOCATION
- Ví dụ khi nói “làm bài tập về nhà“, mình nói “do my homework” chứ không nói “make my homework” mặc dù “do” và “make” mình thường dịch là “làm”.
- Hoặc khi nói “uống thuốc” mình nói “take medicine” chứ mình không nói “drink medicine“.
- Việc học từ vựng theo collocation như vậy sẽ giúp mình nói tự nhiên hơn, ghép từ đúng ngữ cảnh hơn, hạn chế tối đa việc ghép từ sai.
- Hiện tại Huyền đang học collocation theo chủ đề từ quyển English Collocation In Use (Advanced).
- Ngoài ra Huyền còn dùng website freecollocation để hỗ trợ tìm các collocation trong quá trình học IELTS Writing Và IELTS Speaking: https://www.freecollocation.com/

#2. TRA TỪ BẰNG TỪ ĐIỂN ANH - ANH
- Việc tra từ vựng bằng từ điển Anh Anh đã hỗ trợ Huyền rất nhiều trong quá trình ghi nhớ từ vựng và đặc biệt là giúp Huyền biết cách diễn đạt nghĩa của 1 từ bằng tiếng Anh → Điều này rất có lợi cho quá trình học Speaking.
- Ngày đó Huyền dùng từ điển giấy để tra, đây là quyển từ điển ngày đó Huyền dùng để tra từ.
- Còn đây là 2 từ điển Online hiện Huyền thường dùng nhất:
▪Oxford Learner’s Dictionaries: https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/
▪Cambridge Dictionary: https://dictionary.cambridge.org/

#3. WORDFORM
Ngày đó Huyền may mắn được đi luyện học sinh giỏi Tiếng Anh ở Huyện, và trong quá trình luyện Huyền mới biết mình tệ nhất phần Word Form. Ngày đó có lần thầy giao bài tập phần này Huyền sai 10/10 câu!!!

Dần dần qua các lần sai Huyền rút được nhiều kinh nghiệm hơn, Huyền biết được khi nào cần điền danh từ/tính từ/…. và nếu thầy cô cho tính từ, mà câu cần danh từ thì Huyền sẽ biết cách đổi tính từ đó sang danh từ.

Ví dụ: beautiful (adj) → bỏ “ful” đi là mình sẽ có danh từ “beauty”, expensive (adj) → bỏ “ive” và thêm “e” là mình sẽ có danh từ expense.

Đối với Huyền phần này khá khó, và thật sự rất nản! Huyền dành rất nhiều thời gian hồi học cấp 3 để làm bài tập phần này, làm nhiều lắm, dần dần mọi thứ trở nên “dễ” hơn 1 xíu.

Học theo Word Form như vậy giúp Huyền rất nhiều trong việc đặt câu sao cho đúng ngữ pháp, vì mình biết khi nào cần dùng danh/động/tính/trạng, …

#4. GHI CHÉP
Tùy phong cách ghi chép mà mỗi bạn sẽ có mỗi phong cách ghi chép khác nhau. Sau đây là cách ghi chép của cá nhân Huyền:

Từ vựng tiếng Anh đơn lẻ
Đối với từ vựng đơn lẻ, Huyền thường ghi chú theo công thức:
Từ mới /phiên âm/ (từ loại) [Bút đỏ]
Nghĩa tiếng Anh [Bút đen]
Ví dụ [Bút xanh]

Và lưu ý khi ghi nghĩa của từ, mình chỉ ưu tiên ghi 1 nghĩa liên quan tới ngữ cảnh bài mình đang học mà thôi.

Từ vựng theo cụm
- Đối với từ vựng theo cụm Huyền thường ưu tiên học từ theo chủ đề → Nhờ học như vậy - Huyền có 1 lượng từ vựng nhất định để áp dụng vào các bài IELTS Writing Task 2.
Đây là video 5 cách ghi chép từ vựng tiếng Anh giúp nhớ lâu, bạn có thể tham khảo nhé: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mel3C_CfzXc&t=258s

#5. TỪ VỰNG THEO CHỦ ĐỀ
Khi học IELTS Huyền sẽ chia từ vựng theo các chủ đề phổ biến nhất trong Writing và Speaking như:
▪Education: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1nK_R4m501edJf5RoINGSLN5wRJ-JyUZ7/view?usp=sharing
▪Family: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1nKta1wkAcdJWa4zQbOgqWr14fqJhjHqL/view?usp=sharing
▪Work: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1931PE-gS3KduyYCzZr6mtbZoiWi-LRIi/view?usp=sharing
▪Health: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1SgncfEyT-3n4AKN0HaSaI7Sm09Q92W2D/view?usp=sharing
▪Transportation: https://ielts-nguyenhuyen.com/tu-vung-ielts-chu-de-transport-dich-tu-chi-tiet/
▪Technology
▪Family and Children
▪Environment
▪...

Và sau đó từ các chủ đề chính này Huyền sẽ chia ra các chủ đề con của các chủ đề chính đó, ví dụ:
▪Environment → Global Warming, Plastic Pollution, Deforestation, ...
▪Health → Obesity, Smoking, Prevention vs. Treatment, ...
▪Work → Working from home, Working long hours, ...
▪Crime → Youth Crime, The death penalty, Reoffending, ...
▪Transportation → Public transportation, Traffic congestion, Encourage walking in cities, ...
...

#6. ĐỌC THẬT NHIỀU
Việc đọc báo, đọc headlines, đọc truyện, … đã giúp Huyền tích lũy được 1 lượng từ vựng và Huyền thường nhớ những từ vựng này rất lâu bởi vì Huyền luôn ưu tiên đọc những gì Huyền thích.

Khi mình đọc những gì mình thích mình sẽ không có cảm giác bị ép buộc, vậy nên mọi thứ sẽ ngấm vào đầu mình dễ hơn.

Khi đọc báo trên laptop hoặc điện thoại, Huyền thường ghi lại ý tưởng và các cụm từ vựng hay – thông thường là các cụm từ vựng mà Huyền nghĩ rằng Huyền sẽ có thể áp dụng vào các bài Writing hoặc Speaking.

Huyền có thói quen copy bài báo hay vào word rồi in ra để đọc trong thời gian rảnh. Khi đọc báo trên giấy như vậy Huyền thường mang theo 1 cây bút highlight để tiện highlight lại các cụm từ hay.

Đây là các nguồn báo Huyền thường đọc để lấy ý tưởng và từ vựng:
▪National Geographic: Đây là website Huyền thường đọc để tìm kiếm ý tưởng về các đề tài như Animal, Global warming, Energy, Water/Plastic pollution, ...: https://www.nationalgeographic.com/
▪BBC: Huyền thường tìm tới website BBC cho hầu hết mọi đề tài như Education, Technology, Health, Environment, ....: https://www.bbc.co.uk/
▪Healthline, WebMD, Medicalnewstoday: Đây là những website Huyền thường truy cập khi cần tìm kiếm ý tưởng và từ vựng cho chủ đề Health (Obesity, Smoking, Stress, ...): https://www.healthline.com/ - https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/ - https://www.webmd.com/
▪WHO: Khi cần tìm từ vựng và ý tưởng cho các đề tài xã hội như Poverty, Water/Housing Shortages, Unemployment, Population Ageing, ...: https://www.who.int/
▪Wikihow, Lifehack: Đây là những website Huyền thường lấy ý tưởng và từ vựng cho các chủ đề trong cuộc sống hàng ngày như A productive day, Planning, Motivation, Success, ...: https://www.wikihow.com/Main-Page - https://www.lifehack.org/

#7. TÌM RA PHƯƠNG PHÁP THÍCH HỢP NHẤT CHO BẢN THÂN (Vì mỗi người có mỗi pp học khác nhau)
👉👉👉 Bài chi tiết page mình xem tại đây nhé:
https://ielts-nguyenhuyen.com/cach-hoc-tu-vung-tieng-anh/

Chúc page mình học tốt nè <3
#ieltsnguyenhuyen

[時事英文] 死亡率（mortality rate）*、壓平曲線（flattening the curve）、活動限制 （lockdown）：如何理解這些術語？
　
Language goes beyond a sealed system governed by a rigid set of rules. To fully understand the meaning of a word, one must look further than connotation and denotation, and also take context into consideration. In this case, one needs to examine the social, political, economic, and even statistical contexts of the terms.
　
語言並非只是受嚴密規則所約束的封閉系統。為了充分理解一個單詞的意涵，我們不僅要瞭解其本義與引申義，同時還要考慮整個語境。在此一情況下，應要考察社會、政治、經濟甚至統計上的語境。
　
Does “confirmed cases,” for example, mean the same thing in every country before and during the coronavirus outbreak? What about “lockdowns”? Does it mean that the government is advising people to stay home or is someone nailing your door shut? Some food for thought when reading about the coronavirus outbreak.
　
例如，在冠狀病毒爆發前以及爆發期間，「確診病例」在各國是否具有相同的含義？那麼，封鎖呢？這是否意味著政府正建議人們留在家中，抑或有人正把你家大門釘上？以上是在閱讀疫情的相關資訊時所引人深思的一些事情。
　
*同學好心的補充說明：「mortality rate」通常指的是死亡率，而「fatality rate」則是（因罹患某疾病）致死率。兩者都是重要的死亡指標，但計算公式不相同。
　
★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
《紐約時報》報導：
　
Making sense of the coronavirus pandemic requires getting up to speed on semantics as much as epidemiology. Government officials and health care professionals toss off mentions of mortality rates, flattening the curve and lockdowns, assuming that we know what they mean. But the terms mean different things from country to country, state to state, even city to city and person to person. Officials use the same phrases about mass testing, caseloads and deaths to describe very different situations. That makes it hard to give clear answers to vital questions: How bad are things? Where are they headed?
　
1. make sense of… 理解……
2. get up to speed on 了解最新情況；跟上進度
3. toss off 輕而易舉地處理*
　
弄懂新型冠狀病毒大流行，既需要了解流行病學的最新情況，也需要在語義學上跟上形勢。「死亡率」、「壓平曲線」和「活動限制」等說法從政府官員和公共衛生專業人士的嘴裡脫口而出，他們假設大家都知道這些詞的意思。但對不同的國家、不同的州，甚至不同的城市和個人來說，這些術語有著不同的含義。 官員們使用「大規模檢測」、「病例數」和「死亡病例數」等相同的措辭，來描繪非常不同的情況。這令一些重要的問題難以得到明確的回答：情況有多糟糕？正在向什麼方向發展？
　
toss off: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/toss%20off
　
★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
People search for insight by comparing their countries to those that are further along in the epidemic. But if the terms are misleading or used in differing ways, the comparisons are flawed. Also, the statistics and vocabulary offer a false sense of precision while in reality, the information we have shows only a fraction of what’s going on. “The new cases or deaths each day are given as exact numbers, and we’re trained to take that at face value,” said Mark N. Lurie, an epidemiologist at Brown University’s School of Public Health. “But those are far from exact, they’re deeply flawed, and their meaning varies from place to place and from time period to time period.”
　
4. be further along in 在……上走得更深遠
5. at face value 根據外表；從表面上看
　
人們將自己的國家與那些經歷了疫情更多階段的國家進行比較，以求了解情況。但是，如果這些詞語使人產生誤解，或在使用方式上存在差異的話，這種比較就是錯誤的。此外，這些統計數據和詞彙給人以精準的假象，而現實是，我們所掌握的信息僅代表冰山一角。「每天的新增病例數或死亡人數都是以精準數字的形式通報的，我們被訓練成只看這些表面數字。」布朗大學公共衛生學院流行病學家馬克・盧裡說。「但這些數字遠非精準，而且有嚴重缺陷，它們的含義因不同的時間和地點而不同。」
　
★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
I. Confirmed Cases 確診病例
　
Countries vary wildly in testing for the virus and how they report the numbers, and experts say most infections are going undetected. So the publicized national tallies are rough, incomplete pictures that may not be all that comparable. And that’s if countries are forthcoming about their data.
　
6. vary wildly in 在……上有極大的差異*
7. publicize 公布；宣傳
8. national tallies 國家的統計數據
9. incomplete pictures 不完整的狀況
10. forthcoming 樂於幫助的
　
各國在病毒檢測以及通報數字的方式上有很大差異，而且專家們說，大多數感染都沒有被發現。因此，各國公布的只是粗略的數據，這些並不完整的描繪也許沒有多少可比性。這還是在假設各國願意提供數據的情況下。

wildly: https://bit.ly/2wkgPjo
　
⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹
　
Officials in the United States say that China, which has reported more than 82,000 infections, has understated its epidemic. Until this week, the Chinese government excluded those patients who tested positive for the virus but had no symptoms. China also doesn’t say how many tests it has conducted, and doubts have been raised about whether it has tested extensively in Xinjiang, the province where it holds hundreds of thousands of Muslims in indoctrination camps. The Covid Tracking Project, run by The Atlantic, has tried to compile all the numbers in the United States and reports more than 1.2 million tests so far, over 3,600 per million people.
　
11. understate 未如實陳述；避重就輕地說
12. exclude 把……排除在外
13. indoctrination camps 再教育營
14. run by 由……經營
　
中國通報的累計確診病例超過８萬２千例，美國官員說，中國淡化了國內的疫情。直到本週前，中國政府一直把病毒檢測呈陽性但沒有癥狀的感染者不納入確診病例。中國也未公開接受檢測的人數，而且外界已對中國是否在新疆進行了大規模檢測表示懷疑，中國在那裡把數十萬穆斯林關進了拘禁營。《大西洋月刊》的新冠肺炎追蹤計劃試圖匯總美國的所有數據，它統計到的數字是，美國迄今為止進行了逾１２０萬例檢測，平均每百萬人超過３６００例。
　
★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
II. Widespread Testing 大規模檢測

It matters not only how many people are tested, but also when, and who they are. Once again, countries differ, shaping what the numbers mean. A few countries, like South Korea, Australia and Singapore, got serious about mass testing early on. They used the information to do ambitious contact-tracing — finding and testing those who had recently been near infected people, even if they had no symptoms.
　
15. it matters 重要的是
16. not only……, but also…… 不僅……，而且……
17. get serious about 認真對待某事
18. early on 在早期
　
重要的不只是多少人做了檢測，檢測時間和檢測對象也很重要。各國在檢測時間和對象上也有不同，這讓數字的含義也有所不同。韓國、澳洲和新加坡等少數國家很早就開始認真地進行大規模檢測。他們利用這些信息嚴格追蹤接觸者，也就是找到並檢測那些親密接觸者，即使他們沒有癥狀。
　
⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹
　
But most nations with large numbers of cases have done less testing, waited longer to do it in bulk, and made little attempt at contact tracing. They find themselves playing catch-up with the virus, ramping up testing after their outbreaks had already mushroomed. They detect more cases, but by then it’s hard to tell how much of that growth is the expanding epidemic and how much is expanding surveillance. Unable to meet the demand, they often limit testing to the sickest patients and health workers.
　
19. in bulk 大量
20. make little attempt 幾乎未做嘗試
21. ramp up 增加*
22. mushroom (v.) 迅速增長；迅速發展*
23. meet the demand 滿足需求
24. limit……to 將……限制在……
　
但大多數存在大量確診病例的國家進行的檢測數量都比較少，都是等了更長時間後才開始進行大規模檢測，而且對追蹤接觸者的工作幾乎未做嘗試。這些國家發現自己在拚命追趕病毒的傳播，在疫情迅速蔓延後才加大了檢測力度。這些國家都檢測到了更多的病例，但此時已很難判斷新增病例中有多少是疫情不斷擴大的結果，有多少是擴大疫情監測的結果。由於無法滿足檢測需求，這些國家通常只能對病情最嚴重的患者以及衛生工作者做檢測。
　
ramp up: https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/ramp-up
mushroom: https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/mushroom
　
★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
III. Fatality Rates 致死率
　
It has been stated time and again: Italy and Spain have high mortality rates among coronavirus patients, Germany’s is low, and China’s is somewhere between. It may not be that simple. Counting the dead is as flawed and inconsistent as counting the infected. Recent reports say that mortuaries in Wuhan, China, where the disease was first discovered, have ordered thousands more urns than usual, suggesting a much higher death toll than the city’s official count, 2,535. The outbreaks in Wuhan, and parts of Italy and Spain, overwhelmed hospitals, forcing many sick people to ride it out at home. No one knows how many people have recovered or died without ever being tested. And if only the sickest patients are tested, then the number of infections will appear smaller and the percentage who die will seem higher.
　
25. time and again 屢次；一再
26. as flawed and inconsistent as 像……一樣存在缺陷與不一致
27. mortuary 停屍間（太平間）
28. urn 骨灰罈
29. suggest 暗示*
30. death toll 死亡人數
31. to ride it out 安然渡過（難關）*
　
一個反覆提及的說法是：義大利和西班牙的新冠病毒肺炎患者死亡率高，德國的低，中國的居中。情況也許並不那麼簡單。統計死亡人數和統計感染人數一樣存在缺陷和不一致的地方。最近有報導稱，武漢的殯儀館訂購的骨灰盒數比該市官方統計的２５３５例死亡高出好幾千，表明死亡人數遠高於官方公布的數字。新冠病毒最早就是在這座城市發現的。武漢以及義大利和西班牙部分地區的疫情使醫院不堪重負，許多患者被迫在家中渡過難關。沒人知道究竟有多少人在從未做檢測的情況下康復或死亡。如果只對病情最嚴重的患者做檢測的話，感染人數看上去會更低，而死亡率看起來將更高。
　
suggest: https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/suggest
ride sth out: https://bit.ly/2Rd6Tj6
　
★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
IV. The Peak 疫情高峰
　
Officials often talk about when the epidemic peaks or plateaus — when a country “flattens the curve.” But they rarely specify, the peak of what? And how can we be sure we’re past it? When an outbreak is growing unchecked, more people become infected and more die each day than the day before. On a graph, the curve showing the daily count of new cases has gone from rising sharply to moving sideways — the curve has flattened — and even begun to move downward. That is one corner being turned: The rate of the spread of the virus has slowed down. It takes longer to turn another: the rate of people dying.
　
32. from rising sharply to moving sideways 從急劇上升到橫向移動
33. turn the corner 好轉；度過難關*
　
官員們經常提疫情何時達到高峰或進入平台期，也就是一個國家「壓平曲線」的時候。但他們很少具體說明是什麼達到了高峰，以及我們怎麼能確定高峰已過？當疫情不受控制地發展時，每天的感染和死亡人數都比前一天多。曲線圖上顯示的每天新增病例數從急劇上升變得趨於平緩——曲線已被壓平——甚至開始下降。這是一個轉折點：病毒的傳播速度已經放緩。度過死亡人數的轉折點則需要更長的時間。
　
turn the corner: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/turn%20the%20corner
　
⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹
　
But even when those curves flatten, the epidemic still has not “peaked” by another crucial measure: the number of active cases. That figure continues to rise until the number of patients who either die or recover each day is larger than the number of new infections. To ease the staggering load on health care systems, the active cases curve must also flatten and then fall.
　
34. peak (v.) 使……達到頂峰
35. either……or…… 不是……就是……
36. staggering 沉重的；巨大的
　
但是，即使這些曲線已趨於平緩，疫情的另一個重要衡量指標——現存確診病例數——仍未達到「峰值」。在每天的死亡或康復患者人數超過新增感染人數之前，這個數字還將繼續上升。為緩解衛生系統的沉重負擔，現存確診病例數的曲線也必須先趨平，然後下降。
　
peak: https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/peak_2
　
★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
V. Lockdowns 封鎖（活動限制）
　
More than two billion people, including most Americans, are living under something usually called a lockdown. But there is no set definition of that word — or related terms like stay-at-home mandates and social distancing — so the details differ from place to place. The biggest differences may be in enforcement. Some places, like those in the United States with lockdowns, mostly rely on people to follow the rules without coercion. But Italy and others have deployed soldiers to ensure compliance, and French police have fined hundreds of thousands of people for violating restrictions. China, in addition to using security forces, mobilized an army of volunteers, ratcheting up social pressure to obey.
　
37. set definition 固定的定義
38. enforcement 實施；執行
39. rely on 仰賴；依靠
40. deploy 部署
41. compliance 服從
42. fine 處……以罰款（或罰金）
43. in addition to 除了……之外
44. mobilize 動員
45. ratchet sth up/down 逐步增加／減少
　
全球有２０多億人，包括大多數美國人正生活在一般被稱為「活動限制」的狀態下。但這個詞沒有固定的定義，其他的相關說法，比如政府的「待在家裡」和「保持社交距離」令也沒有明確的定義，所以各地的具體做法也不一樣。最大的不同可能在執行方面。有些地方，比如美國有限制令的地方，主要依靠人們自覺遵守，而非強制。但義大利等國為確保限制令的落實而動用了軍隊，法國警方還對數已十萬計的違反禁令者處以罰款。中國除了使用安全部隊外，還動員了一支志願者大軍來加大服從封鎖隔離措施的社會壓力。
　
⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹
　
Italy’s experience shows the looseness of the term. It has gone through several phases of restrictions, applying them to more people, making them stricter and increasing enforcement. A few weeks ago, a person could travel around Italy for a valid work or family reason. Now, people are fined for nonessential walking too far from their homes. But each stage was widely called by the same name: lockdown.
　
46. looseness 鬆散
47. valid 確鑿的；合理的；有根據的；讓人信服的
　
義大利的經歷表明了這個詞語解釋上的自由。義大利的封鎖令經歷了幾個階段，適用範圍擴大到越來越多的人，封鎖及其執行也變得越來越嚴格。幾週前，人們還可以因為正當的工作或家庭原因在義大利旅行。現在，人們會因不必要的離家太遠的走動而被罰款。但禁令的每個階段用的都是同一個泛泛的名稱：活動限制。
　
《紐約時報》完整報導：https://nyti.ms/2XcCUeT

圖片出處：https://fxn.ws/34gwSeH
　
★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
時事英文大全：http://bit.ly/2WtAqop
　
如何使用「時事英文」：https://bit.ly/3a9rr38
　
＃疫情英文

Oxford Dictionaries declares ‘climate emergency’ the word of 2019

Oxford Dictionaries has declared “climate emergency” the word of the year for 2019, following a hundred-fold ( ) increase in usage that it says demonstrated a “greater immediacy ( )” in the way we talk about the climate.

Defined as “a situation in which urgent action is required to reduce or halt ( ) climate change and avoid potentially irreversible ( ) environmental damage resulting from it,” Oxford said the words soared ( ) from “relative obscurity ( )” to “one of the most prominent ( ) — and prominently debated — terms of 2019.”

According to the dictionary’s data, usage of “climate emergency” soared 10,796 percent.

Oxford said the choice was reflective ( ) of the rise in climate awareness, with the focus specifically on the language we use to discuss it. The rise of “climate emergency” reflected a conscious ( ) push toward language of immediacy and urgency, the dictionary said.

In May, the Guardian updated its style guide to clarify that “climate emergency” or “global heating” would be favored ( ) over “climate change” or “global warming” (although the original terms are not banned) to better reflect the scientific consensus ( ) that this was “a catastrophe for humanity.”

Hundreds of cities, towns and even countries have also declared “climate emergencies” during 2019 — from Scotland in April and the UK parliament ( ) in May to Canada, France and the city of Sydney in Australia.

“In 2018, climate did not feature ( ) in the top words typically used to modify emergency; instead, the top types of emergencies people wrote about were health, hospital, and family emergencies,” the selection panel ( ) said.

“But with climate emergency, we see something new, an extension ( ) of emergency to the global level.”

And for those protesting that “climate emergency” is two words, as the Australian Broadcasting Corporation’s resident ( ) linguist explained in 2017, single words can consist of ( ) two parts.

Such multipart constructions, like “heart attack,” “man-of-war” or the 2017 American Dialect Society word of the year “fake news,” are commonly accepted by linguists as words.

“Climate emergency” beat the words “climate crisis,” “climate action,” “climate denial,” “extinction,” “flight shame,” “global heating” and “plant-based,” which were on the shortlist ( ).

The dictionary’s word of the year is chosen to “reflect the ethos ( ), mood, or preoccupations ( ) of the passing year” and should have “lasting potential as a term of cultural significance.”
“In 2019, climate emergency surpassed ( ) all of those other types of emergency to become the most written about emergency by a huge margin ( ), with over three times the usage frequency of health, the second-ranking word,” Oxford said.

Previous choices for word of the year include “toxic” in 2018 and “youthquake” in 2017.

「氣候緊急狀態」獲選為牛津字典二○一九年度詞彙

牛津字典宣布，二○一九年的年度詞彙為「climate emergency」（氣候緊急狀態），該詞的使用次數較之前增加了一百倍，顯示我們談論氣候時有「更大的急迫性」。

牛津字典將「climate emergency」定義為「需要採取緊急行動來應對的狀況，以減低或阻止氣候變化，避免其可能造成之不可逆轉的環境破壞」，該詞由「相對冷僻」躍升成為「二○一九年最突出及討論度最高的詞彙」。

根據牛津字典的數據，「climate emergency」的使用次數暴增了百分之一萬零七百九十六。

牛津字典表示，選擇該詞不僅是反映氣候意識的抬頭，所著重的更是我們討論它時所用的語言；「climate emergency」一詞的興起，反映了語言朝向立即性和緊迫性的有意識推進。

英國《衛報》在五月更新了格式手冊，說明應優先選擇「climate emergency」或「global heating」（全球熱化）這些詞彙，而非原本的「climate change」（氣候變化）或「global warming」（全球暖化）（雖然這些術語並未禁用），以便更能夠反映科學上的共識──這是「a catastrophe for humanity」（人類的災難）。

在二○一九年，有數百個城市、城鎮甚至國家宣布進入「氣候緊急狀態」──蘇格蘭在四月、英國議會在五月，還有加拿大、法國乃至澳洲的雪梨市。

詞彙評選小組表示：「二○一八年，『climate』一字通常並不用來修飾『emergency』這個字。人們用來修飾『emergency』的字主要是「health」（健康）、「hospital」（醫院）和「family」（家庭）」。

#高雄人 #學習英文 請找 #多益達人林立英文
#高中英文 #成人英文
#多益家教班 #商用英文
#國立大學外國語文學系講師
#時事英文

10個loo片語 #02 (第二支影片)
https://youtu.be/MY0DbV6ZPeQ

look out 小心
look down 向下看
look after 照顧
look around 四處看看
look forward to 期待

**************************
我的新頻道：歡迎加入
學習單字發音與用法，實用例句，延伸句，情境句
Say and learn words with Gina
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCuzfZrVItqnsuYZlW5ubdtQ

加入吉娜英文FB 粉絲頁
學習更多道地美式口語英文
https://www.facebook.com/wordsgo/

**********************
吉娜提供教學服務：
KK音標課程
基礎英文從頭學起
學好英文諮詢
請寫信到
webmaster@wordsgo.com

**************************
look at 看著；查看
A: Look at that giraffe! It’s huge!
B: Yes, they can grow to be over sixteen feet tall.
A: 你看那隻長頸鹿。它好巨大。
B: 是啊，它們會長到超過十六英呎高。

A: What are you looking at?
B: Do you see those strange lights?
A: Yes, that’s an airplane!
你在看什麼？
你有看到那些奇怪的燈嗎？
是的，那是一架飛機。

I’m looking at running shoes right now. I’m going to buy a pair.
我現在正在看跑步鞋。我要買一雙。

A: Did you get the doctor to look at your knee?
B: Yes, I did. He said I have a muscle problem.
你有找醫生查看你的膝蓋了嗎？
是的，我有。他說我有肌肉的問題。

look for 尋找
A: What are you looking for?
B: I’m trying to find the library. Do you know where it is?
A: Yes, it’s on the next block.
A: 你正在找什麼？
B: 我正試著找圖書館。你知道在哪裡嗎？
A: 是的，它在下一個街區。

Jerry is looking for a job.
He’s been out of work for three months.
傑瑞正在找工作。他已經失業三個月了。

look into 調查；研究
The police are looking into her disappearance. They are talking to all her family, friends, and coworkers to find out what happened. (調查)
警方正在調查她失蹤的案子。他們找她的家人，朋友，和同事都談過，想要知道發生了甚麼事情。

I’m starting to do some gardening. I’m looking into the easiest plants to grow here.
我開始接觸園藝。我正在研究最容易在這裡種植的植物。

She’s looking into traveling to Korea. She wants to know the flight and hotel prices.
她正在研究到韓國玩的資料。她想要知道飛機和旅館的價錢。

look up 向上看；查找；景仰
Look up! There are some very pretty clouds in the sky.
看上面！天空有一些相當漂亮的雲。

I wanted to know how to make mashed potatoes, so I looked it up on Google.
我想要知道如何做馬鈴薯泥，所以我就查了Google。

A: I don’t know this word.
B: Here, look it up in the dictionary.
A: Ah! There it is!
A: 我不知道這個單字。
B: 這裡，查字典。
A: 啊！在這裡。

Doris looks up to her big brother. He is her hero.
桃樂絲崇拜她的哥哥。他是他的英雄。

look over 快速看過；簡略檢查
I looked over the book’s jacket and decided it would be interesting to read.
我看了看這本書，我認為應該是閱讀起來會很有趣。

A: I looked over your proposal, and I like your idea.
B: Really? Thank you.
A. I want you to start working on it right away.
我看了一下你的計畫書，我喜歡你的點子。
真的嗎？謝謝你。
我想要你馬上開始執行這個計畫。

He looked over my paper and corrected my spelling errors.
他看了我的報告，並且修正了我的拼字錯誤。

I asked her to look over my essay before I gave it to my teacher.
在我把作文交給老師之前，我請她幫忙看一下。

☆ことば図鑑 水族館 ハリセンボン 説明付き 子供幼児向け知育ビデオ Word dictionary for kids - Porcupine Fish

お子さんの語彙や知識を楽しみながら増やすためのビデオを作りました。

マミーダイノより


オススメ動画：
【ゆっくり茶番】へんな魚がたくさん！ゆっくり水族館にようこそ！！
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y5MSNccFfWc
さかなクンと一緒に不思議な魚の世界へ！映画『さかなクン研究所　さかなの世界へレッツギョー！飛ぶ！闘う！踊る！編』予告編
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8u-rVLKIhm8
恐ろしく不思議な魚をさばいてムニエルにするよ！！
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bapJ5PbUguo
完全版】ベルーガの不思議な魚の食べ方（シロイルカのイベント）/ 名古屋港水族館
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1G3-4lec4vk
水族館 鴨川シーワールド のんびり泳ぐフグ 子供とお出かけ そうちゃん Blowfish Kamogawa SeaWorld Aquarium for Kids Family Fun
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XwF7R7zYU_4
巨大！ 魚釣りパズル おもちゃ 魚が逃げる！ 子供とお出かけ 室内遊び場 Giant Fish Puzzle Kids indoor playground Children video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jxskv2gmzJ4
子供向けアニメ☆お店屋さん・魚☆おかあさんといっしょ☆赤ちゃん笑う・泣きやむ
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UmwdpNt5Kgk


関連動画：
ひらがなをおぼえよう！ あ行 勉強 書き順＆読み方の勉強 知育ビデオ
Learn Hiragana alphabet characters! Lesson 1
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5hYz3Kn08Oo
ひらがなのれんしゅう！ あ行 練習 書き順＆読み方の練習 知育ビデオ
Learn Hiragana alphabet characters! Practice 1
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aE3KFMJPmVk

子供の英語 簡単にアルファベットの発音をフォニックスで学ぶ ABCD Let's learn the Alphabet！
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yrCj9i4Hm1g

数字の１から１０まで数えてみよう！数字の歌と一緒に練習してね　数字の勉強　子供のための知育ビデオ
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z3yl2tNtkbE
Let's count from 1 to 10 英語で数を数える　１から１０まで数えてみよう！　数字の歌と一緒に練習してね　数字の勉強　子供のための知育ビデオ
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6fKrdZ92WAU

いろんなもののかぞえかた①　数字の歌と一緒に練習してね　数字の勉強　子供のための知育ビデオ　いろんな物の数え方
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=33VpZ678bac

色の名前を覚えよう ！★いろのなまえ♪色遊び・子供向けアニメ❤︎幼児子供向けビデオ　おかあさんといっしょに練習してね〜！
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HwLZ0d5n3lA
Let's learn the colors/ colours!! Children Kids cartoon animation 色の名前を覚えよう子供向けアニメ
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7jTVtBeZ5gM

形の名前を覚えよう！かたちのなまえ♪子供幼児向け知育アニメ・ビデオ
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=itfHG7ynJVM
Let's learn the shapes! Children Kids cartoon animation 形の名前を覚えよう子供向けアニメ
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uakviyMTz8Q&spfreload=10

カタカナをおぼえよう！ア行 書き順＆読み方を学ぶビデオ 勉強＆練習 知育ビデオ Let's learn Katakana Japanese alphabet characters! Lesson 1
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4CN0Rv7YqFw
カタカナをおぼえよう！カ行 書き順＆読み方を学ぶビデオ 勉強＆練習 知育ビデオ Let's learn Katakana Japanese alphabet characters! Lesson 2
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i6u2JBRvJiQ

♡子供向け♡ いろんなあいさつを学ぶためのビデオ 勉強＆練習 知育ビデオ Let's learn Japanese Greetings!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MblKNliC6uc
世界のあいさつ”こんにちは”を学ぶためのビデオ 子供向け勉強＆練習 知育ビデオ Let's learn Hello in different languages!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5tg0j2o0Gg8

足し算の勉強① 幼児向けの簡単算数アニメ　知育・子供・幼児教育 The first addtion ①
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FwFlQzU02hI
足し算の勉強② 幼児向けの簡単算数アニメ　知育・子供・幼児教育 The first addtion ②

動物しりとり　子供 幼児 赤ちゃんの知育ビデオ アニメ
https://www.youtube.com/edit?o=U&video_id=2botwA2vEao&feature=vm
ことば図鑑 動物園 鳴き声付き　子供幼児向け知育ビデオ Word dictionary for kids - Zoo Animals https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=htbC7NZdcHM
ことば図鑑 ファーム 鳴き声付き 子供幼児向け知育ビデオ Word dictionary for kids - Farm Animals
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c4gRs2QbXDo
ことば図鑑 水族館① 説明付き 子供幼児向け知育ビデオ Word dictionary for kids - Aquarium ①
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PARKY18CqKM
ことば図鑑 水族館② 説明付き 子供幼児向け知育ビデオ Word dictionary for kids - Aquarium ②
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1J0sQ8YYQtg
ことば図鑑 水族館③ 説明付き 子供幼児向け知育ビデオ Word dictionary for kids - Aquarium ③
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1uXp6uV7VAI

関連Playlists：
ひらがなのPlaylist
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5hYz3Kn08Oo&list=PLr5cQ189Cs059HtjSjVc1KRgDuJHRt3v6
アルファベットのPlaylist
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yrCj9i4Hm1g&list=PLr5cQ189Cs06olNmVqFksXQabA7zUrOBO
数の数えかた のPlaylist
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yrCj9i4Hm1g&list=PLr5cQ189Cs06olNmVqFksXQabA7zUrOBO
カタカナをおぼえよう！カ行 書き順＆読み方を学ぶビデオ 勉強＆練習 知育ビデオ Let's learn Katakana Japanese alphabet characters!Playlist
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4CN0Rv7YqFw&list=PLr5cQ189Cs07g1ts4UC55TjAGmHBu-ymN
足し算の勉強のplaylist 幼児向けの簡単算数アニメ　知育・子供・幼児教育 The first addtion
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLr5cQ189Cs05wc0DV3GQtdK_Fki5p8h7x
♡子供向け♡いろんなあいさつを学ぶためのビデオ（日本＆世界）　勉強＆練習　知育ビデオ　Let's learn greetings!
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLr5cQ189Cs06ejuptDvYQ2rj4taK_293s
色と形の名前を覚えよう！いろとかたちのあそび♪子供幼児向け知育アニメビデオ❤︎お母さんと一緒に練習してね〜！
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLr5cQ189Cs077kASTOXMKSm63AWP3Ox4T

効果音素材：ポケットサウンド – http://pocket-se.info/

☆ことば図鑑 水族館 魚スペシャル☆ 説明付き 子供幼児向け知育ビデオ Word dictionary for kids - Aquarium Fish Special

お子さんの語彙や知識を楽しみながら増やすためのビデオを作りました。

マミーダイノより


オススメ動画：
京都水族館で恐竜や魚、サメを見て喜ぶ【こうちゃん】Visiting Kyoto Aquarium!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gDGzEcTlkZM
水族館で遊ぶ！ お魚いっぱい♪ 子供とお出かけ サンシャイン水族館
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xlNIJK3MBVM&t=7s
海の生き物 お魚いっぱい パズル★子供向けアニメ★水族館★赤ちゃん笑う、泣きやむ Aquarium Puzzle kids anime
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CU5VLgaCYfo
子供向けアニメ★色をおぼえよう・さかな★知育ビデオ★赤ちゃん笑う、喜ぶ、泣きやむ★Learn the color for kids
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rnSC-QqW3c0
巨大！ 魚釣りパズル おもちゃ 魚が逃げる！ 子供とお出かけ 室内遊び場 Giant Fish Puzzle Kids indoor playground Children video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jxskv2gmzJ4
子供向けアニメ☆お店屋さん・魚☆おかあさんといっしょ☆赤ちゃん笑う・泣きやむ
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UmwdpNt5Kgk
【あったかアニメーション】海のいきものロングver.　 赤ちゃん、幼児が喜ぶ　アニメ動画
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gBPLD80FsK8


関連動画：
ひらがなをおぼえよう！ あ行 勉強 書き順＆読み方の勉強 知育ビデオ
Learn Hiragana alphabet characters! Lesson 1
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5hYz3Kn08Oo
ひらがなのれんしゅう！ あ行 練習 書き順＆読み方の練習 知育ビデオ
Learn Hiragana alphabet characters! Practice 1
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aE3KFMJPmVk

子供の英語 簡単にアルファベットの発音をフォニックスで学ぶ ABCD Let's learn the Alphabet！
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yrCj9i4Hm1g

数字の１から１０まで数えてみよう！数字の歌と一緒に練習してね　数字の勉強　子供のための知育ビデオ
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z3yl2tNtkbE
Let's count from 1 to 10 英語で数を数える　１から１０まで数えてみよう！　数字の歌と一緒に練習してね　数字の勉強　子供のための知育ビデオ
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6fKrdZ92WAU

いろんなもののかぞえかた①　数字の歌と一緒に練習してね　数字の勉強　子供のための知育ビデオ　いろんな物の数え方
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=33VpZ678bac

色の名前を覚えよう ！★いろのなまえ♪色遊び・子供向けアニメ❤︎幼児子供向けビデオ　おかあさんといっしょに練習してね〜！
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HwLZ0d5n3lA
Let's learn the colors/ colours!! Children Kids cartoon animation 色の名前を覚えよう子供向けアニメ
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7jTVtBeZ5gM

形の名前を覚えよう！かたちのなまえ♪子供幼児向け知育アニメ・ビデオ
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=itfHG7ynJVM
Let's learn the shapes! Children Kids cartoon animation 形の名前を覚えよう子供向けアニメ
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uakviyMTz8Q&spfreload=10

カタカナをおぼえよう！ア行 書き順＆読み方を学ぶビデオ 勉強＆練習 知育ビデオ Let's learn Katakana Japanese alphabet characters! Lesson 1
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4CN0Rv7YqFw
カタカナをおぼえよう！カ行 書き順＆読み方を学ぶビデオ 勉強＆練習 知育ビデオ Let's learn Katakana Japanese alphabet characters! Lesson 2
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i6u2JBRvJiQ

♡子供向け♡ いろんなあいさつを学ぶためのビデオ 勉強＆練習 知育ビデオ Let's learn Japanese Greetings!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MblKNliC6uc
世界のあいさつ”こんにちは”を学ぶためのビデオ 子供向け勉強＆練習 知育ビデオ Let's learn Hello in different languages!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5tg0j2o0Gg8

足し算の勉強① 幼児向けの簡単算数アニメ　知育・子供・幼児教育 The first addtion ①
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FwFlQzU02hI
足し算の勉強② 幼児向けの簡単算数アニメ　知育・子供・幼児教育 The first addtion ②

動物しりとり　子供 幼児 赤ちゃんの知育ビデオ アニメ
https://www.youtube.com/edit?o=U&video_id=2botwA2vEao&feature=vm
ことば図鑑 動物園 鳴き声付き　子供幼児向け知育ビデオ Word dictionary for kids - Zoo Animals https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=htbC7NZdcHM
ことば図鑑 ファーム 鳴き声付き 子供幼児向け知育ビデオ Word dictionary for kids - Farm Animals
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c4gRs2QbXDo
ことば図鑑 水族館① 説明付き 子供幼児向け知育ビデオ Word dictionary for kids - Aquarium ①
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PARKY18CqKM
ことば図鑑 水族館② 説明付き 子供幼児向け知育ビデオ Word dictionary for kids - Aquarium ②
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1J0sQ8YYQtg
ことば図鑑 水族館③ 説明付き 子供幼児向け知育ビデオ Word dictionary for kids - Aquarium ③
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1uXp6uV7VAI

関連Playlists：
ひらがなのPlaylist
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5hYz3Kn08Oo&list=PLr5cQ189Cs059HtjSjVc1KRgDuJHRt3v6
アルファベットのPlaylist
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yrCj9i4Hm1g&list=PLr5cQ189Cs06olNmVqFksXQabA7zUrOBO
数の数えかた のPlaylist
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yrCj9i4Hm1g&list=PLr5cQ189Cs06olNmVqFksXQabA7zUrOBO
カタカナをおぼえよう！カ行 書き順＆読み方を学ぶビデオ 勉強＆練習 知育ビデオ Let's learn Katakana Japanese alphabet characters!Playlist
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4CN0Rv7YqFw&list=PLr5cQ189Cs07g1ts4UC55TjAGmHBu-ymN
足し算の勉強のplaylist 幼児向けの簡単算数アニメ　知育・子供・幼児教育 The first addtion
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLr5cQ189Cs05wc0DV3GQtdK_Fki5p8h7x
♡子供向け♡いろんなあいさつを学ぶためのビデオ（日本＆世界）　勉強＆練習　知育ビデオ　Let's learn greetings!
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLr5cQ189Cs06ejuptDvYQ2rj4taK_293s
色と形の名前を覚えよう！いろとかたちのあそび♪子供幼児向け知育アニメビデオ❤︎お母さんと一緒に練習してね〜！
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLr5cQ189Cs077kASTOXMKSm63AWP3Ox4T