在過敏科的門診,咳嗽、鼻塞、鼻涕倒流與眼睛癢原本就是過敏兒最常見的症狀。 但是有時候,會遇到家長因為觀察到小朋友頻繁眨眼,先帶去眼科被診斷為過敏性結膜炎,點了好一陣子的藥水,卻沒有改善,所以緊張的帶著小孩來看診。
仔細詢問後,才知道原來是抽動Tic (妥瑞症的表現之一)而不是原本以為的過敏性結膜炎! 另外有些孩子,因為久咳不癒或是原本就有氣喘使用藥物控制良好,卻突然怎麼吃藥小咳始終無法停止,來看診詢問咳嗽的表現後,診斷為抽動(Tic)導致發出像咳嗽的聲音,詳細解釋後,家長終於放下心中的大石,過一段時間之後,孩子的症狀就不藥而癒。
#抽動與妥瑞症
※ 抽動(Tic)在中文上並無適當的翻譯,是指會出現反反覆覆不自主運動或是聲音的疾患。
症狀就如它短促的英文發音,呈現快速而短促的不隨意動作或語音。
※ 妥瑞症 (Tourette syndrome) 簡單來說是指十八歲以前,並非由藥物或其他疾病造成,出現具備動作的抽動( motor tics ) 跟聲語的抽動 ( vocal tics ),通常一天發生多次,或間歇發生在一年的某段期間,而症狀持續的時間不超過三個月就可以診斷。
簡單的動作型抽動包括 : 快速而短促的眨眼睛、歪嘴巴、裝鬼臉、搖頭晃腦、點點頭、聳肩膀、搥手、頓足、凹凸肚皮、吐口水等,即臉部肌肉,手腳抽動及關節等部位的不隨意運動突然、短暫的無意義動作。門診最常見的是眨眼睛跟皺鼻子/倒吸鼻子,也是跟過敏症狀最容易混淆的動作型抽動。
簡單的聲語型抽動包括 : 快速的發出沒有意義的聲音與吵雜聲。例如:清喉嚨咳嗽、尖叫、豬叫聲等。 複雜的聲語型抽動甚至出現重複別人的話,口出穢語(猥褻或是攻擊字眼)的表現。
#如何區分是過敏還是抽動呢 ?
※頻繁眨眼睛:
區分過敏與眼皮抽動的最重要線索就是觀察有沒有揉眼睛的動作!
即便是大人,眼睛癢起來常常也無法克制揉眼睛的衝動,更何況是孩子。 直接詢問小孩是不是因為眼睛癢所以一直眨眼,常常會被誤導。
若小朋友的眨眼睛通常在放學後累了一天時更明顯,看起來眼皮是用力抽動不是輕輕的眨,或是已經給予眼藥水甚至口服抗過敏藥物還是沒有改善,都要懷疑不是過敏性結膜炎,而是動作型抽動。
※久咳不癒:
過敏咳嗽通常睡著還會出現,常常一咳就連續多聲,有時會帶痰聲,多半比較用力。
抽動的咳嗽,比較輕咳甚至像喉嚨發出怪聲音,睡著就完全消失,這些都是可以輔助判斷的重點。
※皺鼻子或是用力倒吸鼻子:
如果有揉鼻子/摳鼻子,出現鼻水或是因為倒吸鼻涕造成的咳嗽,比較像過敏的症狀。
也可以嚐試給予鼻過敏藥物治療,無法改善就要考慮是抽動的症狀。
抽動的症狀,小孩可以短時間靠自主意志壓制,所以試著讓孩子回答問題或是當孩子專注聚焦於某件事物時會看到症狀的短期消失,都是可以作為參考。
#抽動或是妥瑞症需要治療嗎?
最好的治療方式就是接納孩子的症狀,家長特別是阿公阿嬤千萬不要給太大的壓力,也不須制止,因為壓力、制止及過度興奮會讓症狀更嚴重。
通常三個月內原本的症狀就會消失,但後來可以轉變成另外的症狀。
除非抽動或妥瑞氏症已嚴重影響到父母或孩子本身的日常社交生活,才考慮使用藥物治療,如果能適應其奇怪的不自主動作,其實不需藥物治療。
通常於青春期達到高峰,之後有1/3的妥瑞兒會完全緩解,1/3的妥瑞兒症狀會些微緩解,1/3的妥瑞兒症狀會持續到成年。
隨著年紀增長,妥瑞兒愈懂得如何去掩飾或修飾症狀。 學會如何放鬆,防止因疲倦引起症狀的加劇及適當的正向心理支持也很重要。
有部分病人需要靠藥物的幫助來減緩症狀,目前已有較新型藥物 ( Aripiprazole ),可以給予病人症狀緩解以及減少過去藥物常見帶來的副作用。
家長必須知道,當診斷出抽動/妥瑞症之後,真正的挑戰才開始。 因為這些孩子常常會合併所謂的共病症,包括: ADHD「注意力不集中過動症」、 OCD 「 強迫症」、「 學習障礙」和「行為障礙或對立性反抗疾患」。 如果有出現這些共病症的表現,就應該就趕快尋求專業的醫師進行諮詢喔!
同時也有1部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過3萬的網紅POPA Channel,也在其Youtube影片中提到,香港中文大學社工學系與精神科學系於 2013 年開始進行了一個為期三年的跨學科研究,希望了解有ADHD孩子的香港家庭。研究其中一個很重要的發現,就是孩子對 ADHD 症狀以及吃不吃藥,也有自己一套看法,研究也給了他們一個機會,直接用自己的嘴巴,講出最真實的感受和心聲。 你會願意花數分鐘,聽聽他們的...
adhd中文 在 研之有物 Facebook 的最佳貼文
#你的毛真可愛 (是貓是貓是貓
#可以聞你一下嗎 (是問是問是問
#迷人又逼人的中文聲調背後還有這些學問
除了ㄢㄤ不分,中文聲調的微妙差異也搞瘋不少歪果捧由,還有苦惱小孩講話臭玲呆的爸媽們。到底是口齒不清晰?還是發音不標準?讓語言學家來解鎖!
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🤯中研院語言所研究員李佳穎,比較低年級、中年級、高年級和成人的大腦腦波(MMN)。實驗發現,低年級小孩對一四聲的腦波反應正常,但在二三聲差異上腦波反應卻不明顯,表示七八歲時還沒有自動區別能力。一直要等到 #五年級以後,對二三聲的區辨才會慢慢穩定,趨近於成人。
🤯更重要的是,研究針對 #閱讀障礙的孩子 做量測,發現他們的腦波反應和低年級孩子非常相似,對二三聲差異較不敏感。
🤯研究發現顯示,過去認為閱讀障礙是看文字、視覺區辨有困難,但他們卡關的關鍵很可能是 #語音敏感度......
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🗣️花生發生分不清,是大腦的省電智慧?要讓小孩趁早學寫abc嗎?聽聽語言學家的觀點👇👇
https://research.sinica.edu.tw/adhd-reading-disorder-linguistics-brain/
adhd中文 在 國立臺灣大學 National Taiwan University Facebook 的精選貼文
【國立臺灣大學109學年度畢業典禮 致詞代表 資訊工程學系韓哈斯】
Student Address, National Taiwan University Commencement 2021
International student Seth Austin Harding from Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering
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校長、教授、以及在螢幕前的各位同學,大家好。非常感謝臺大給我這個機會。我是韓哈斯,來自美國華盛頓特區。我會以自身的真實經驗出發,來跟大家分享臺大帶給我的收穫。
我當初為什麼選擇來台灣求學呢?我小時候非常喜歡看武打片,然後我十歲的時候去看了一部電影叫做「功夫熊貓」。這部電影成為了我最喜歡的電影,主角「阿波」的故事跟我的故事很像。我看完了之後就決定要開始學功夫,所以去了「美國武術學院」。那個時候我每天都聽旁邊的人講中文,到了高中我就決定開始學中文。當時我遇到了一位貴人,她是從台北到美國來教書的中文老師,她教的課是我當時最喜歡的課,我每天去她的教室跟好朋友練習。到了高中畢業時,我是全高中中文最好的非母語人士。同時,我第二喜歡的課程是電腦科學,那時候我是程式能力數一數二的學生。後來在成功錄取夢寐以求的學校:臺灣大學之後,我感到雀躍不已,因為我既可以繼續學習中文,也可以持續在世界頂尖的學府中,往電腦科學的方向精進自我。
不過老實說,當我回顧大一的時期,我也曾迷失自我。雖然我修了很多很多的中文課,但是我那時只聽得懂大概一半的課程內容。跟大家對美國人的印象不同,我其實很害羞,也很害怕舉手提問,我甚至不太敢參與社交,所以當時朋友也很少。我開始想家,也變得有一點憂鬱。那時籃球是我唯一的紓壓方式。
但更不幸的是,我在打籃球時弄傷了我的前十字韌帶,做了兩次手術,需要一年半才能恢復。許多的負面情緒壓得我喘不過氣。我被困在人生的低谷,不知如何是好。我覺得我的中文不夠好,我也被診斷出失眠跟ADHD,另外,美國高中的數學太簡單了,來這邊不夠用。種種壓力讓我足不出戶,找不到自己的人生方向。後來,我向臺大心輔中心以及我的心理醫師尋求協助,然後我也開始跟系上有更多互動。有一位教授叫徐宏民跟我說,"Never give up",雖然那時候我覺得這句話太過於簡化了我的問題,不過,在我仔細思考了一個禮拜之後,我下定決心,發誓不讓自己被這些事擊敗。我決定要克盡全力,認真做好每件事。這是我人生的轉捩點,我開始變得異常自律。當時廖世偉教授和洪士灝系主任帶我進入它們的研究室鑽研學術。這重燃了我對資訊工程的熱忱,提醒了我當初會愛上這個領域的原因。我開始研究人工智慧以及區塊鏈,也開始跟其他系上同學交朋友,一起成立臺大人工智慧應用社NTUAI。NTUAI現在是校內頗具規模的技術研究社團,致力於推廣人工智慧給任何對該領域有熱忱的學生。歡迎加入NTUAI,可以掃描我們的QR CODE。
最近,由於疫情的緣故,我已經一年半沒回美國了。但是沒關係,因為我已經找到了我第二個家。我很愛臺大,以及台灣的人事物。雖然我經歷了人生的低潮,但這裡的一切總是給我滿滿的祝福與協助。最後,我想送給大家「功夫熊貓」裡的一句台詞: "You just need to believe"。只要用樂觀的態度去面對困難,就有能力改變自己,甚至改變身旁所愛的人。就像阿波的父親說的,"心誠則靈,只要你相信,點石就能成金。根本沒有什麼秘笈。只有你。"謝謝大家。
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President, professors, and classmates, I'm very honored to be here. Thank you to NTU for giving me this opportunity. My name's Seth Austin Harding, and I'm from the D.C. metropolitan area. I'm going to tell a real story that's personal but that's relatable and what I see as the real me.
What motivated and guided me to take my undergraduate studies in Taiwan? When I was very young, I really loved watching kung fu movies, and when I was 10 years old, I went to the theater to watch "Kung Fu Panda". This became my favorite movie as I felt like the story of the main character Po was one to which I could very much relate. After watching this movie, I decided that I wanted to start learning kung fu, so I went to the United States Wushu Academy. At the time, I began hearing Mandarin on a daily basis, so when I was in high school, I decided to begin formally studying Chinese. It ended up being my Chinese teacher from Taipei who was my favorite teacher who taught my favorite class, so I decided I'd hang out in the Chinese classroom every day and practice lots. By the time graduation came around, I had attained the highest proficiency in Chinese among any non-native speaker in my school. My second favorite class was computer science, and I ended up attaining among the best coding skills in my school. After getting accepted to the school of my dreams -- National Taiwan University -- I felt honored, humbled, and excited; I could now spend time at among the world's finest universities studying Chinese and at the same time advancing my knowledge of computer science.
But when I look back at my freshman year, to be honest with you, I didn't know what I was doing. Despite having taken very many Chinese classes, when I went to the NTU lectures, I understood only about half of what the teachers were saying. Contrary to most people's impressions of an American, I was actually too shy to raise my hand, to ask questions, or to even meet with teachers after class, so I had very few friends at the time. I started to become homesick and depressed. At that time, I found that basketball was the only way I knew of relieving my stress. However, while playing basketball, I had torn my ACL and it would take two surgeries and a year and a half in time to fully recover. At this point, I felt caught between a rock and a hard place. In fact, this was the lowest point of my life, and I didn't know what to do. I felt like my Chinese wasn't good enough, I had been diagnosed with insomnia and ADHD, and I felt like the math taught in America was too simple to allow for me to keep up with my classmates. I was under immense pressure, and at this time, I lost any sense of purpose or direction. Later on, I went to seek help from NTU counseling, from my psychiatrist, and from my department. I reached out to Professor Winston Hsu from CSIE, and he told me this: "Never give up"; it was such an oversimplified way to approach such a complex series of problems, I had thought. However, I pondered these words intensely for one week, and by the end of that week, I had made a firm decision. This would NOT be another example of me giving up. I decided to go all out, to work diligently and passionately on all tasks at hand. This was the turning point of my life; I started to discipline myself to a very high degree. At this time, I met my then-to-become advisors Professor Shih-Wei Liao and Professor Shih-Hao Hung and entered their labs to begin research. Finally, the passion that I had for computer science that I had previously held in high school was kindled again, and I was finally reminded why I loved this field. I began my research life in blockchain and AI, and at the time I entered the lab, I also began creating NTUAI. NTUAI is now a large and highly successful NTU club that is dedicated to the research and public understanding of AI. Welcome one and all to join us; please scan our QR code here.
For a year and a half I haven't returned to America because of covid. But not to worry; I have found my second home, away from home. I love it here in NTU and I cherish all of the things I've had the privilege to experience in Taiwan. I've gone through the most difficult of struggles in my life here, but I've also had the most fortunate and blessed of experiences. To conclude, I'd like to quote a line from "Kung Fu Panda": "You just need to believe". As long as you are willing to adopt an optimistic attitude in facing challenges and hardships, you may become a positive force in changing the lives of those around you as well as your own life. It all depends on how you view it; just like what Po's father says, "there is no secret ingredient. It's just you." Thank you, everyone.
詳見:
https://www.facebook.com/NTUCommencement/posts/2718185771805180
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#臺灣大學 #畢業典禮 #NTUCommencement2021 #學生致詞代表 #臺大資訊工程學系 #韓哈斯 #SethAustinHarding
adhd中文 在 POPA Channel Youtube 的精選貼文
香港中文大學社工學系與精神科學系於 2013 年開始進行了一個為期三年的跨學科研究,希望了解有ADHD孩子的香港家庭。研究其中一個很重要的發現,就是孩子對 ADHD 症狀以及吃不吃藥,也有自己一套看法,研究也給了他們一個機會,直接用自己的嘴巴,講出最真實的感受和心聲。
你會願意花數分鐘,聽聽他們的聲音嗎?
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感謝中大社工系家庭及小組實務研究中心委託POPA參與製作一連三集有關香港ADHD孩子的短片。
adhd中文 在 【ADHD】童年崩壞(中文字幕) CHILDHOOD RUINED - YouTube 的推薦與評價
【ADHD】童年崩壞(中文字幕) CHILDHOOD RUINED ... 本來翻著翻著感到都沒什麼大不了 ... ... <看更多>
adhd中文 在 注意力缺陷多動症(ADHD)有什麼症狀? | Facebook 的推薦與評價
注意力缺陷多動症(ADHD)往往會讓人精神渙散,一事無成。但有時又可能讓你精力超級集中,完成天才的傑作。 ... BBC News 中文(繁體). ... <看更多>