#不要一路錯到80歲好嗎
【我知道 life is hard, 但求求大家別再錯這個英文標點用法了】
有一個標點符號錯誤很奇妙,不管怎樣地「超前佈署」、不同時候先講了10000次、給了再多例子,學生在寫的時候還是會「越錯越勇」。
很大原因是因為不了解真正英文寫作寫得好的人,在寫作時要想多少事情、照顧多少事情。缺少這樣的 awareness。
很少在文章中講那麼小面向的 "what" 問題,但今天破例了。因為再錯下去祖先真的要驚醒了。
Although / While / Even though S+V, 這樣的結構,就是一個從屬 (副詞) 子句,不管再長,接到主要子句時都是用逗號,不可以休息用句號,更不能自己發揮創意加上 however。
學生可以理解這樣的句子是錯的:
Although she studied so hard. However, she didn't pass the exam.
也可以正確改成:
Although she studied so hard, she didn't pass the exam.
但不代表真的會喔。因為從屬子句一長,災難將發生:
Although she is interested in anything that has something to do with the development of artificial intelligence (在這邊想休息一下,導致就放了句號),變成:
*Although she is interested in anything that has something to do with the development of artificial intelligence. However, she is not attending the AI conference this time.
請還是寫成,即便妳有一個18行的從屬子句:
Although she is interested in anything that has something to do with the development of artificial intelligence, she is not attending the AI conference this time.
沒有人說過從屬子句很長的時候就可以忘記 Although 的存在ㄋㄟ。我已經沒心力分析 , however, 亂接兩個句子的錯了,明天再說吧。
同時也有10000部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過2,910的網紅コバにゃんチャンネル,也在其Youtube影片中提到,...
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【讓你英文寫作程度飆升的3大關鍵 -- 科學研究這樣說】 要考 TOEFL, IELTS, GRE, GMAT 學生必看
很多人都認為,英文寫作要進步,就是要一直寫一直寫。例如拿托福寫作來講好了,一直寫就一定會進步嗎?答案是否定的。
寫作要進步的重要要素,可以簡化成 3 個重大關鍵。
【 大關鍵 1 】
這個關鍵我在課堂上很常提及。我們一定要要有適當的反饋 (corrective feedback),而要從反饋當中,找出 "systematic errors" (例如,有些人S-V agreement特別愛錯、有人特別容易用 Although....., however,...這種錯誤的句型)。從系統性的錯誤下手,去除文法錯誤是最快的。而面對容易錯誤的東西,下次用時必須要提高意識,並去思索這樣的錯誤背後的原因 (是粗心嗎?還是這個結構或單字原本的意思和用法搞錯了?)。
【 大關鍵 2 】
很多時候啊,台灣學生英文寫不好,來自於中文也表達不情楚。想法東一個西一個,很多有趣的點子,但這些點子卻完全串不起來。寫作要寫好,先搞清楚自己要講的話,是不是有理清楚了,邏輯是否也清楚了
(例: 主詞動詞關係、句和句子間的邏輯關係、and 所承接的左方和右方文意是否可以用 and 承接)。
【 大關鍵 3 】
研究的 input processing 西方第二語言習得大師Dr. VanPatten 和 Dr. Pienemann 都做過相當多科學研究證實,寫作要進步,其實關鍵在「閱讀、文意理解」。為什麼產出(output) 的東西會有錯誤?
其中一大原因來自,對於 "input" 的理解不正確、不完整。
例如,如果同學把 hence 看成 as a consequence 的同義字、given that 想成 because of、albeit 想成 although, 那則會寫出很多奇怪的句子。因此,對於閱讀的理解 (和作者用怎樣的句子去表達文意) 深刻與否,對於寫作也會有很大的影響喔。
因此想要提升寫作能力,不要忘記這三大關鍵喔!
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馬英九以習近平為「他的(中國)國家主席」?疏忽還是惡搞?
剛剛在批踢踢英文板看到有人問([1]):原來英文中,一國的總統可以稱另一國總統為「his/her 國名形容詞 president」?真有這個用法?並指出有兩個媒體這麼寫:
1. (某新聞網站的圖片說明 [2]) Cuba's President Raul Castro, left, stands with his U.S. President Barack Obama.
古巴總統卡斯楚與「他的」美國總統歐巴馬並肩而站(?)
2. (美國之聲VOA學英文網站的文字稿 [3]) Taiwan's President Ma Ying-jeou told his Chinese president Xi Jinping that he was worried about China’s missiles deployed across the Taiwan Strait.
台灣總統馬英九告訴「他的」中國國家主席習近平……(?)
以上兩個英文說法若成立,則意味著歐巴馬對卡斯楚,或習近平對馬英九,是上對下、尊對卑、君對臣、中央對地方的關係。(但地方政府怎會有「總統」?)
但我認爲這英文的說法是不恰當的、是錯誤的,適當的說法應該是: his U.S. counterpart、his Chinese counterpart 才對,差了一字,含義大變。改成 counterpart 就讓雙方變成對等關係,這也才是外界對國家領袖的認知:關係對等。
卡斯楚的例子,我不好說什麼,只能說該圖片說明或許是一時筆誤,或者,該記者英文有問題。
馬英九的例子,則找到答案:各位聽一聽同一網頁中語音檔的唸稿,記者「巧妙地」把 his Chinese president Xi 唸成 Chinese president Xi,沒有不該有的 his,這表示該記者發覺文字稿有誤;或者也可能,記者本來製播時就是唸 Chinese president Xi,卻被哪個聽寫人誤寫還是惡搞,加上足以引起爭端的 his?這區區一個小字,錯得可真要命唷!
以下是VOA全文:
Leaders from Taiwan and China met Saturday for the first time since the end of the civil war in China, more than 65 years ago.
The meeting was an effort to create goodwill between the two sides. In the past seven years, ties between the sides have increased. However, some Taiwanese say those ties have not resulted in economic gains or greater security.
China claimed sovereignty over self-ruled Taiwan when it formed the People’s Republic of China in 1949. Relations were icy until 2008. The two sides agreed to link the two economies.
Today in Taiwan, people are unclear about the benefits of the relationship. The island’s economy shrank in the third quarter of this year.
Many Taiwanese wanted progress from the meeting. Liu Yi-jiun is a public affairs professor at Fo Guang University in Taiwan. He said there were high expectations because these two leaders had never met. He said, after two years of planning, political and economic concessions were promised but none were seen.
Taiwan's President Ma Ying-jeou told his Chinese president Xi Jinping that he was worried about China’s missiles deployed across the Taiwan Strait. <== 這句話無故多了個「his」
He also said people in Taiwan were frustrated that China was blocking Taiwan’s foreign relations. China has 170 allies compared with 22 for Taiwan. This difference lets China keep Taiwan from developing its diplomacy further.
In response to Taiwan’s concerns about missiles, Xi Jinping said Saturday China’s missiles were not aimed at Taiwan.
However, economic concerns remain. Taiwan has signed free-trade agreements with Singapore and New Zealand. Both countries have relations with the two sides. But China has blocked Taiwan from joining the United Nations or other international organizations.
Taiwanese officials say deals with China have created 9,600 jobs among a population of 23 million. Agreements that opened tourism brought a total 2.8 million mainland Chinese to the island last year. That is up from almost no tourism in 2007.
Trade deals also have helped increase total imports and exports to $130 billion last year.
China remains Taiwan’s largest trading partner. And it is the top receiver of Taiwanese foreign investment.
Some people complain the benefits of 23 deals with mainland China covering trade and other areas are reaching mainly the owners of big companies.
In Taiwan’s capital markets, investment from China amounts to only a fraction of the island government’s quota, or the amount permitted.
Tseng Ming-chung is Chairman of the Financial Supervisory Commission in Taiwan. He said Friday that the Taiwanese government has approved almost every application for investment from China.
He says the amount of money is extremely small. He adds that the Taiwanese government is not refusing applications. Tseng says mainland Chinese institutions cannot freely set up qualified domestic institutional investors.
China insists on eventual unification with Taiwan. However, public opinion polls show most Taiwanese oppose that goal.
Nathan Liu says the future of relations between the sides is unclear.
“…They think that at least by the end of Ma’s term the two sides should at least reach some kind of agreement,” he said. He noted that, an understanding that the sides are going toward common goals is needed, although it may not be a signed agreement. “This is not complete yet,” he said.
President Ma Ying-jeou has supported closer ties with mainland China. But he and his KMT party have lost support. He must step down next year because of term limits.
A backlash against economic deals with China started mass street protests in March 2014. That anger has given the island’s top opposition party candidate a lead in opinion polls ahead of the January presidential election. Tsai Ing-wen of the Democratic Progressive Party has been highly critical of President Ma’s dealings with China.
Experts say the Saturday leadership summit appears not to have done enough to change voter opinion.
I’m Mario Ritter.
Ralph Jennings reported this story from Taipei. Mario Ritter adapted it for Learning English. Kathleen Struck was the editor.
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