關於 be headed to中文 ，我們在網路上蒐集到這些相關的討論、資訊與評價

最近，我在「TIME時代」雜志的專欄文章裡，向全球的讀者介紹了大陸「世界工廠」的+AI自動化升級。隨著勞動力成本的上漲，工業自動化、智慧化勢必是大陸製造業的一劑特效藥。自動化能讓運營成本下降，但仍能讓中國大陸保持生產品質、流程、供應鏈維度的優勢。AI賦能產業升級的願景或許還需多年才能實現，但當下的大陸已經讓未來可期。

以下是專欄文章全文，經TIME授權翻譯轉載：

「中國世界工廠 + AI 的未來」

多年來，中國大陸一直被喻為「世界工廠」，即便在全球其他經濟體紛紛遭遇新冠疫情重擊的2020年，大陸製造產業仍然維持穩健的增長范式，全年產值高達3.854萬億美元，占到全球市場近三分之一。

但如果你腦中的大陸工廠是傳統的「血汗工廠」，是時候修正你的刻板印象了。大陸經濟已經迅速地從疫情衝擊下復蘇，疫情同時催化了各種各樣人工智慧（AI）的應用場景加速實現。自2014年以來，中國大陸的AI專利申請量已經超越美國，至今維持全球領先。在學術領域，中國大陸的AI研究論文發表數量、AI期刊的引用量，也雙雙在近年超過了美國。在產業方面，AI應用在大陸的落地速度超越世界其他國家和地區，具有商業價值的AI應用如今開始百花齊放，整合了軟體、硬體和機器人技術的新一代自動化揭開序曲，AI賦能傳統行業的能量，正在蓄勢待發地重塑各行各業。

人類社會至今經歷了三次不同的工業革命：蒸汽革命、電力革命和資訊革命。我相信，AI將會是推動全球第四次工業革命的核心引擎，在世界各地點燃數位化和自動化的變革，而這波前所未有的硬科技浪潮，將由中國來引領實踐。

由於勞動人口減少和新增人口放緩，中國大陸的傳統產業正面臨著勞動力成本上升的巨大壓力，AI正是解決這個難題的技術解答。人工智慧不僅能夠降低運營成本，提高生產效率，擴大整體產能，還有望能帶來收入的增長。

例如，創新工場投資的廣州極飛科技是一家致力於未來農業的AI科技公司，極飛將無人機、機器人和感測器部署在稻田、麥田和棉花田裡，用技術賦能農業中的播種、農藥噴灑、栽種管理、甚至天氣監測環節。用於作物噴灑的極飛科技R150農業無人車已經被推廣到了英國，應用在蘋果、草莓、黑莓等多種經濟作物的種植流程中。

一些大陸的創新公司正積極把機器人拓展到意想不到的場景。總部位於北京的鎂伽是創新工場投資的生命科學智慧自動化公司，他們和實驗室、製藥公司、高校合作，憑藉AI+機器人技術的積累，用自動化解決方案執行實驗室中勞動密集、重複性高、但需要高度精確的任務和流程，同時機器人作業也將盡最大可能保護實驗室人員降低實驗過程中的感染風險。

除了創業公司，我們看到幾家成熟的龍頭企業也開始積極擁抱AI。創新工場參與了有28年歷史的中力電動叉車，這家頭部的鋰電叉車製造商已經推出了能夠在工廠、倉庫自主運行的無人叉車，並且無需對運行環境進行改造，能快速實現從手動到電動到自動駕駛的搬運賦能創新。此外，擁有50多年歷史的領先客車製造商-宇通集團，與自動駕駛獨角獸企業-文遠知行戰略合作，已在大陸三個城市的馬路上運行全無人駕駛小巴。

接著會發生什麼？我大膽預見，在更長遠的未來，機器人和AI將接管大多數產品的製造、設計、交付甚至營銷——很可能將生產成本降低到和原物料成本相差無幾。未來的機器人有能力自我複製和自我修復，甚至做到部分自我反覆運算設計。房屋和公寓將交由AI主導設計，使用預製建築模塊，交由機器人像搭積木似地築樓蓋房。無人公交、無人摩托等隨傳隨到的自動化未來交通系統，能將我們安全無虞地送達想去的地方。

這些願景成為現實或許還需要多年，但此時的大陸正在積極鋪墊引領新一代自動化革命的基石。可期的是，中國工廠的實力將不僅僅體現在產能上，而將逐步彰顯在智慧上。

本文經「TIME時代」授權進行中文編譯，原文如下：

China Is Still the World's Factory — And It's Designing the Future With AI

BY KAI-FU LEE

For many years now, China has been the world’s factory. Even in 2020, as other economies struggled with the effects of the pandemic, China’s manufacturing output was $3.854 trillion, up from the previous year, accounting for nearly a third of the global market.

But if you are still thinking of China’s factories as sweatshops, it’s probably time to change your perception. The Chinese economic recovery from its short-lived pandemic blip has been boosted by its world-beating adoption of artificial intelligence (AI). After overtaking the U.S. in 2014, China now has a significant lead over the rest of the world in AI patent applications. In academia, China recently surpassed the U.S. in the number of both AI research publications and journal citations. Commercial applications are flourishing: a new wave of automation and AI infusion is crashing across a swath of sectors, combining software, hardware and robotics.

As a society, we have experienced three distinct industrial revolutions: steam power, electricity and information technology. I believe AI is the engine fueling the fourth industrial revolution globally, digitizing and automating everywhere. China is at the forefront in manifesting this unprecedented change.

Chinese traditional industries are confronting rising labor costs thanks to a declining working population and slowing population growth. The answer is AI, which reduces operational costs, enhances efficiency and productivity, and generates revenue growth.

For example, Guangzhou-based agricultural-technology company XAG, a Sinovation Ventures portfolio company, is sending drones, robots and sensors to rice, wheat and cotton fields, automating seeding, pesticide spraying, crop development and weather monitoring. XAG’s R150 autonomous vehicle, which sprays crops, has recently been deployed in the U.K. to be used on apples, strawberries and blackberries.

Some companies are rolling out robots in new and unexpected sectors. MegaRobo, a Beijing-based life-science automation company also backed by Sinovation Ventures, designs AI and robots to safely perform repetitive and precise laboratory work in universities, pharmaceutical companies and more, reducing to zero the infection risk to lab workers.

It’s not just startups; established market leaders are also leaning into AI. EP Equipment, a manufacturer of lithium-powered warehouse forklifts founded in Hangzhou 28 years ago, has with Sinovation Ventures’ backing launched autonomous models that are able to maneuver themselves in factories and on warehouse floors. Additionally Yutong Group, a leading bus manufacturer with over 50 years’ history, already has a driverless Mini Robobus on the streets of three cities in partnership with autonomous vehicle unicorn WeRide.

Where is all this headed? I can foresee a time when robots and AI will take over the manufacturing, design, delivery and even marketing of most goods—potentially reducing costs to a small increment over the cost of materials. Robots will become self-replicating, self-repairing and even partially self-designing. Houses and apartment buildings will be designed by AI and use prefabricated modules that robots put together like toy blocks. And just-in-time autonomous public transportation, from robo-buses to robo-scooters, will take us anywhere we want to go.

It will be years before these visions of the future enter the mainstream. But China is laying the groundwork right now, setting itself up to be a leader not only in how much it manufactures, but also in how intelligently it does it.

Source：https://time.com/6084158/china-ai-factory-future/

柏柏爾人與撒哈拉 Berbers and the Sahara
(This post is bilingual. Please scroll to the bottom for English version.)

（昨天在沙漠裡過夜無法發文，今天加倍奉還文章較長敬請見諒。 Wasn't able to post in the desert last night. This one is therefore longer -- please bear with the lengthiness :D）

1. 柏柏爾人

撒哈拉行程第二天一早，帶我們參觀柏柏爾村莊的當地響導請我們一行人站在田埂上，和我們分享著他們族群的生活。

「我們每個人看起來都一樣，只有帽子的顏色不一樣。阿拉伯人、柏柏爾人、猶太人……住在一起都沒有問題。因為我們所有人都有同樣的爸爸和媽媽。」

說到這裡他停頓了幾秒看我們的反應。歐洲人的眼神看起來是領會到什麼了，其他人則有點茫然。

「亞當和夏娃。」他補上了這句。令我印象深刻的是他並沒有用英文裡Adam和Eve的發音，反而相當接近中文翻譯的「亞當」和「夏娃」兩個字。

嚮導帶著我們穿過田埂和水圳，告訴我們不同作物的季節和用途、哪個是橄欖樹哪個是杏仁樹、當地人如何只交換不交易等等。接著來到一個土造的傳統建築裡，在裡面向我們介紹他們手工地毯的文化，向我們解釋流程及困難之處，也告訴我們這些地毯都是沒有設計圖的，樣式全靠家族中的婦女傳承各家的專屬樣式。不出所料，下一步就是鼓勵我們買東西，還說他們現在提供DHL送貨到府。雖然是推銷，看在他那麼誠懇的份上我們也沒什麼抱怨（雖然也沒有人買啦）。

最後我們走過河上的木板橋，河邊正好有幾個婦女在洗衣，嚮導就順道提起：「柏柏爾人的女性力氣都很大，因此有時候男人蠻辛苦的……。」我馬上察覺到他在開玩笑，於是便反問他：「所以請問您有這樣的困擾嗎？XD」

他笑了笑之後說：「我太太嘛，生氣的時候真的很……（做出頭腦爆炸的手勢）；不過還好，他通常燒的都是綠色的火，不是紅色的火，兩天之後整個人又開開心心的了。」說完他馬上問我：「所以你的太太如何？」接下來過了一秒鐘，我還來不及接話，他隨即補上：「你沒有太太。來，下一位！」（我心想，哇，你這嚮導婊人的功力果然還是魔高一丈呀！XD）

2. 撒哈拉

前段故事埋了個跟撒哈拉有關的哏，不知道各位有發現嗎？

沒錯，就是村裡的作物「橄欖樹」，同時也是三毛作詞、李泰祥作曲、齊豫原唱的歌曲名，連同三毛女士的作品，是使許多華人嚮往撒哈拉的啟蒙作品，按我同團的兩個中國女生也提到這件事（他們受友人之託要把撒哈拉的沙帶回去）。「不要問我從哪裡來，我的故鄉在遠方」的歌詞，配上李大師刻意營造不規則感的旋律，也曾經讓我對於這首歌的意境嚮往；當天下午四點，我們終於一睹撒哈拉的廬山真面目。車子在基地營把我們放下，接下來得騎一個半小時的駱駝到達沙漠中的營地，在那邊吃飯過夜之後隔天返回。

那晚，我們這些觀光客們圍在營火旁邊，當地嚮導們拿出了各種大大小小的鼓，叫我們自己先玩玩。我對於一開始大家不夠high這件事看不過去，於是就自己開始憑感覺亂敲亂唱，用固定但帶一點變化的鼓點配上五聲音階的即興旋律，後來當地嚮導竟然請我和他們一起演奏、吟唱他們的傳統音樂（我只好繼續用萬用和弦與結奏矇混過去，哈哈）。最後所有人都手舞足蹈完，大家也終於放開了，在星空下圍著逐漸黯淡的營火聊著彼此的故事。

隔天早上天還未亮就得拔營起行，原本應該是「夜色茫茫、星月無光」的（欸這是不是有幫某人助選嫌疑啊？XD），結果碰上大滿月，沙丘的輪廓一清二楚，連我們騎在駱駝上的影子都清晰可見，沉睡在黝黑中的沙漠其實很美，只不過氣溫是要命的冷，冷到讓人對撒哈拉完全失去興趣，只想回基地營吃熱騰騰的早餐；一直到接近基地營時，嚮導帶我們來到一座沙丘頂端看日出。這時天色已經不是魚肚白，沙丘也從全黑慢慢被調成土灰色；突然，太陽從地平線上出來了！

只見眼前無數的沙丘從頂部開始被一一打亮，接著整片沙漠像是前晚點燃木炭一般，從灰暗中緩緩轉成溫潤的黃褐色，不見烈焰飛騰，卻像是被陽光烘烤到燒了起來一樣。事後回想此情此景，我突然理解某首台灣國語流行歌詞表達的意境了：

「我的熱情（啊！），好像一盆火，燃燒了著整個沙漠。」

（結果這篇文章莫名其妙的用了一大堆國語歌曲哏，不知道自己在寫什麼，大概是腦袋被撒哈拉的太陽給燒壞了，哈哈。）

1. The Berbers

"We are all the same. Only our hats are different. Berbers, Arabs, Jews... we have no problem living together, because we all have the same father and mother..."

It was the second day of the Sahara tour, and this was said by our Berber guide. The Europeans in our group seemed to get something, while the other remained intact. Then the guide continued: "Adam and Eve." (Interestingly, his pronunciation of the names were very different from English, which I guess were probably Arabic or Hebrew.)

The guide led us through the fields into his village, showed us olive trees and almond trees, and told us how they exchange instead of purchase them. Afterwards we were led into a mud-made residence, where he introduced how traditional carpets are made, and how women passed down family-specific patterns down without any draft. At the end, unsurprisingly, he encouraged us to buy. While one of us bought anything, everyone seemed to be comfortable with that, as he had been passionately showing us his culture.

Finally, we crossed a river while some women were washing clothes. He said, "the Berber women have a lot of strength, and sometimes it can be hard..." Understanding his humor, I jokingly asked, "so, do you have this problem?" He laughed, "Well, when my wife is angry she is... (showing head explosion with gestures); but she usually has green fire, not red fire. After two days she is happy again..." Then he turned to me, "how is your wife?" Not waiting for me to respond, he contiuned, "you don't have a wife. (Indifferent and turning to the next guy,) so how is your wife? ..."

(I have to say he is indeed a very professional tour guide, who even knows how to play back on visitors' jokes.)

2. The Sahara

Many Mandarin speakers became interested in the Sahara because of the literature and a pop song "Olive Tree" of San-Mao, a Taiwanese writer who moved to the the Sahara with her husband in 1970s. The irregular, mysterious melody of the song also helped build my impression about the Sahara. Decades later, I finally arrived at the desert's margin around 4pm. Our trip began at the base camp, and we spent the night in the dessert after 1.5 hours of camel ride.

That night, we gathered around a campfire, and the local guides gave us some traditional drums to play. As an icebreaker, I started making regular beats with some random 5-node scale singing. The local guides were excited and invited me to join their playing and singing. Finally, after some singing and dancing, the group got relaxed, and people exchanged their stories around the dimming campfire.

The next morning, we headed back in the darkness -- well, not completely. It was close to the full moon, and the ride therefore came with very pleasant and tranquil desert view. However, feeling frozen in the temperature, all we wanted was to escape from the desert. Finally, we were led to the top of a sand dune to watch the sunrise. At then, the desert already turned from black to brown-gray. All of a sudden, the sun came up from the horizon. Gradually, the entire desert was "toasted" like charcoal, injected with very warm and amicable soil yellow color. The desert was ignited!

I can't think of any better way to end our time in the Sahara.

一翻譯，意思就失落了。讀許多世界文學的英文譯本，許多譯者在前言都會解釋：例如，普希金的詩，在俄文中，原來有一股俄文才體現出來的磅礡，一經英譯，原意多少就失落了。不是譯者筆拙，而是兩種語文，畢竟如兩個人的性格，要把他們匹配在一起，無論怎樣水乳交融，總有些字眼傳遞的感覺，是英文無法表達的。

Lost in Translation，是一個翻譯家無法訴說的遺憾。原文含蓄百轉千迴，話中有話，意外別有洞天，他十分清楚，但翻譯的搜索枯腸，確實找不到心心相印的字眼。此中有真意，欲說已無言，翻譯家常常有這樣的痛苦，不是不精通外文，而是翻譯時多方尋覓還是無法搭得上電線。

例如：中文一句：「捨不得啊」，怎樣英譯呢？ Cannot afford？太冰硬了。 Miss it very much？也不是這個意思。中文的「依依不捨」，一硬譯成英文，原文的那股纏綿繾綣的意思就失落了，這就叫 Lost in translation。

還有，從前的中國少女，向男人撒嬌，一跺腳，喜歡說：「我不依你」。「我不依你」，有千般的嗲氣，萬分的嫵媚，在輕罵之中，帶有像絲一樣的溫情，不可能英譯，這是語文的一種奇特的意態，再高手的大師，在外文也找不到一項言詞的配混。

還是英文和法文之間比較易溝通。大量的法語詞彙，直接入侵英文，像 Deja-vu，乾脆用法文原文入英，市場不干預 Laissez-faire，法文最先發明，今天已無國界。連開演唱會，最後一句 Encore，也必定由千萬歌迷狂呼高喊才有地動山搖的震撼，用英語叫 Again，或者 Once more，不行，這就叫 Lost in Translation。

人世間的溝通，常有百詞莫辯的時候。一個詞彙的精緻，一碟小菜的美味，還有一個女人的溫柔，該怎樣來傳遞而表達呢？花能解語，但語不可詮花，一切的美感都凝聚在舌尖， Lost in Translation，是一種酥在骨子裡的痛苦。惟有經歷過這樣的折磨，才明白這世界，不止翻譯是徒勞，有時溝通也是白費，真情幻意的妙諦，盡在意會之中。

【誠徵翻譯評論】

clip #39 的主題為翻譯文學，以下摘錄自海明威作品《老人與海》的原文選段，並引張愛玲、藍婷和楊照的譯本，希望收集讀者對各譯本的評語，由編輯部整理後刊於專題。

讀者可於留言欄發表評論，字數不限。

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Original text by Ernest Hemingway:
“You better be fearless and confident yourself, old man,” he said. “You’re holding him again but you cannot get line. But soon he has to circle.”
The old man held him with his left hand and his shoulders now and stooped down and scooped up water in his right hand to get the crushed dolphin flesh off of his face. He was afraid that it might nauseate him and he would vomit and lose his strength. When his face was cleaned he washed his right hand in the water over the side and then let it stay in the salt water while he watched the first light come before the sunrise. He’s headed almost east, he thought. That means he is tired and going with the current. Soon he will have to circle. Then our true work begins.
After he judged that his right hand had been in the water long enough he took it out and looked at it.
“It is not bad,” he said. “And pain does not matter to a man.”
He took hold of the line carefully so that it did not fit into any of the fresh line cuts and shifted his weight so that he could put his left hand into the sea on the other side of the skiff.
“You did not do so badly for something worthless,” he said to his left hand. “But there was a moment when I could not find you.”

張愛玲譯：
「老頭子，你還是顧你自己吧，你也得勇敢，有自信心，」他說。「你沒讓他掙脫，但是你收不回釣絲來。但是他不久就得要轉圈子了。」
老人現在用他的左手和肩膀來拉住他，他彎下腰來用右手掬起水來，洗掉他臉上糊著的稀爛的鯕鰍肉。他怕那腥氣會使他作嘔，他一嘔吐，就沒力氣了。他臉洗乾淨了，又把右手伸在船邊的水裏洗了洗，然後就讓它泡在那鹽水裏，同時他注視著日出前天剛剛亮起來的情景。他是差不多朝東走，他想。可見魚是疲倦了，跟著潮流走。不久他就得轉圈子了。然後我們真正的工作就開始了。
他認為他的右手泡在水裏時間夠長了，就把它拿出來，朝它看看。
「不壞，」他說。「疼痛是不礙事的，並不傷人。」
他小心地握住那釣絲，使它不至於嵌進新割破的地方，他向另一邊倚著，使他可以在船那一邊把左手插到水裏去。
「你這無用的東西，這次成績倒還不錯，」他對他的左手說。「但是起初有那麼一會子我找不到你。」

藍婷譯：
「你還是自己勇敢一些，對自己要充滿信心才是、老頭。」他對自己說：「你現在只能握住繩子，可是你還不能收回繩子。相信他很快就會繞圈子了。」
老人現在用左手和肩膀撐住繩子，彎下腰用右手掬起水來，洗掉臉上糊成一團的肉渣，他很怕那腥味會使自己作嘔，只要一嘔吐，就會沒力氣了。他把臉洗乾淨，又把右手伸到船邊的水裏洗一洗，然後就讓他泡在鹽水裏，並注視著太陽升起之前的第一道曙光，魚幾乎是朝東方前進，他想，這表示牠已經很疲倦了，所以只好順著海流前進。相信等一會牠就會開始轉圈子，到那時候我們便要一決勝負了。
他認為他的右手在水裡泡得夠久了，於是便把他拿回來瞧一瞧。
「還不算壞嘛！」他說：「疼痛並不礙事，也算不了甚麼。」
他小心地握住繩子，使它不致於又磨擦新割破的地方，然後，把繩子向另一邊轉移一下，以便左手可以在船的另一邊放進海水裏面。
「你這沒用的傢伙，你還不算太差勁！」他對著自己的左手說：「不過有一陣子我差點找不到你。」

楊照譯：
「你自己最好甚麼都不怕，充滿自信，老傢伙，」他說：「你又掌握住他了，不過你沒辦法把線拉回來。不過很快地，他得繞圈圈。」
老人用左手和肩膀掌握那魚，彎下身舀水在右手，把臉上黏著的海豚魚肉洗掉。他擔心魚肉讓他噁心，一旦吐了會失去力量。臉乾淨了，他將右手伸出船沿進到水裡，然後讓手留在鹹水裡，看著太陽升起前最早的光線出現。他幾乎是朝東了，他想。這意味著他累了，所以順著洋流游。很快地他就得繞圈圈了。那樣真正的活兒就開始了。
他判斷右手在水中夠久了，他把手拿出來，盯著手看。
「還不壞，」他說：「疼痛對一個男人來說不算一回事。」
他小心地握住釣線，避免碰到新割的傷口，然後移動重心，以便能夠將左手從小船的另一邊放進海中。
「你這次還算蠻有用的，」他對左手說：「但有一陣子我找不到你。」