利迷之間瘋傳嘅超長文,感謝呢位師兄譯得咁傳神!睇到好激動!睇完更加覺得利迷可以有高普帶領球隊係全世界最幸福嘅球迷。
記得因為古仔單嘢,有好多對球會批評嘅聲音同不利嘅傳聞,令到球會上下都好大壓力。報導入面有句咁講:「高普其中一樣天賦就係對人嘅信任」,作為球迷,我會學習高普,選擇相信,無論係邊一個崗位,大家都要團結一致,支持利物浦再創新高峰。
https://www.facebook.com/groups/OLSCHKSAR/permalink/10156466140299828/
最近有篇超長文講高普,唔想睇英文又唔想Google Translate?冇問題,今次有母語翻譯!每句英粵對照,唔想睇英文嘅就Skip嚟睇啦
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[母語翻譯]
From Hong Kong to Kiev:
At the end of the storm,
there's a golden sky...
由香港到基輔:
暴雨過後 總有晴天
The inside story of how Jurgen Klopp
weathered the worst to lead Liverpool
into the Champions League final
究竟高普點樣帶住利物浦捱過風浪殺入歐聯決賽
By Melissa Reddy
"And now, we will go to Kiev. It sounds crazy, but it's true."
“我哋嚟緊就去基輔。聽起嚟痴撚線,但係真㗎。“
The downpours, pelting over Kowloon as though they were bullets from above, had finally subsided. For Liverpool, however, this was the inception of the storm.
嚟香港踢波先落狗屎,唔同連個天都唔鍾意我。但原來對利物浦嚟講,果日只係惡夢嘅開始。
Before the sun could fully crack through the scattered clouds that Friday morning in Hong Kong last July 21st, Jurgen Klopp’s phone screen was crowded with notifications from sporting director, Michael Edwards, and Fenway Sports Group president, Mike Gordon.
舊年7月21號,打鑼咁早,身在香港嘅高普部電話已經畀體育總監Michael Edwards同FSG總裁Mike Gordon嘅message震爆咗。
The news being broken to the manager - the club had instantly rejected a £72 million bid from Barcelona for Philippe Coutinho - was yesterday’s back-page buffet in the United Kingdom courtesy of the seven-hour time difference.
喺高普同隊波仲瞓緊覺果時,球會已經拒絕咗巴塞羅拿對古天奴7200萬鎊嘅開價。
Klopp’s designs for the pre-season tour had already been scaled back due to monsoon conditions that prompted cancelled training sessions and improvised workouts.
高普嘅季前熱身計劃本身已經畀香港嘅天氣打亂咗,原有嘅訓練只可以改為體能訓練。
It was this development, though, which had the potential to cyclone through their preparations for 2017-18.
但呢鑊就真係堅,隨時將成季嘅部署打亂晒。
Liverpool could not have been more unambiguous in their response to the offer: there would be no summer sale, regardless of how much the fee shot up.
利物浦嘅官方回應好堅定:無論幾多錢,今個夏天都唔會賣。
Undisguised, too, was the fact La Liga’s giants would return armed with a traditional media offensive that would pack more of a punch than their improved proposals.
而另一方面,更加肯定嘅係,呢支西甲班霸唔會就咁放棄,佢哋媒體喉舌嘅攻勢比起佢哋嘅叫價更加凌厲。
The only variable surrounded the focal point. What was Coutinho, who had signed a new five-year deal without a release clause that January, thinking?
唯一唔肯定嘅係,究竟啱啱喺1月簽咗5年約嘅古天奴點諗呢?
As Klopp entered the private assembly room for breakfast at the palatial Ritz-Carlton, the answer immediately presented itself. The 25-year-old, inner turmoil tinting his facial features, was on edge with “an instant difference in his body language,” according to observers.
當高普行入香港Ritz-Carlton酒店準備畀球隊食早餐果間房嘅時候,即刻明晒。古天奴嘅面部表情同身體語言都話畀大家知,佢心入面十五十六。
So this was a problem. Klopp walked over to Coutinho to schedule a talk for that evening, when they had an honest and respectful exchange.
呢個係一個問題。高普同古天奴講,約定傍晚攤牌講清楚。
Liverpool could not simply delete their plans for the season on account of Barcelona being unprepared for the loss of Neymar to Paris Saint-Germain, the Reds boss explained.
高普話,巴塞羅拿戇鳩鳩畀尼馬走咗去巴黎聖日耳門,唔代表利物浦就要跟住一齊柒㗎嘛。
It was a point he circled back to, while also emphasising that the timing was wrong, as was the message it would send about the club.
高普不停重複呢一點,佢仲提到, 呢刻賣人時機錯晒,而且外界會點樣睇利物浦呢?
Coutinho understood that, but highlighted the sacrifices his wife, Aine, and parents had made for his career. The future revolved around them as much as it did his own ambitions.
古天奴好明白,但佢提到佢老婆Aine同埋佢父母已經為佢嘅職業犧牲好多。諗將來嘅時候佢除咗考慮自己嘅目標,亦都要考慮屋企人。
He was happy at Liverpool, he loved the club, he was full of gratitude… But this was Barcelona. And beyond that, it represented a lifestyle change for his family, who could function within a culture so much closer to their own.
佢喺利物浦好開心。佢好鍾意隊波,亦都心存感激。但係,果隊係巴塞喎。除此之外,轉會仲代表生活上重大嘅轉變,搬去果邊嘅文化會更加適合佢屋企。
Klopp acknowledged Coutinho’s thought process, but repeated that it was about Liverpool and this was not the right thing for the club, for his teammates, or for their season ambitions.
高普好明白古天奴嘅思路,但佢再次強調,呢個係利物浦嘅問題,呢個對隊波唔係好事,對班波同對佢哋今季嘅大計都唔係好事。
The message was reinforced privately by Edwards and the ownership before a public declaration.
喺發出官方聲明之前,Edwards同老闆都分別私底下向古天奴重申呢幾點。
/“We wish to offer clarity as regards our position on a possible transfer of Philippe Coutinho,” read a statement on the club’s official website on August 11 2017, which highlighted their “definitive stance is that no offers for Philippe will be considered and he will remain a member of Liverpool FC when the summer window closes.”
“我們特此重申有關古天奴轉會一事之立場” 球會於2017年8月11日發出官方聲明“任何對古天奴的開價均不會被考慮,他於夏季轉會窗關閉時將繼續是利物浦的一員”/
Through the clinking glasses and guffaws, there is thick blend of relief and defiance daubing the atmosphere in the Freshfield area of Formby.
利物浦附近嘅一個小鎮 Formby 充斥住杯碟聲同埋歡笑聲。
It is Saturday, January 6 2018, where a long-scheduled New Year’s celebration for Liverpool’s staff at the Klopp residence has coincided with the £142m sale of Coutinho to Barcelona.
今年1月6號星期六,成班利物浦嘅職球員喺高普屋企開緊Party。無獨有偶,球會啱啱公佈古天奴將會以1億4200萬鎊身價加盟巴塞。
The news had been released shortly before the flow of Monkey 47 gin and a catalogue of German lager at the gathering, with the message following the announcement on the club’s official website entirely scripted by the manager.
呢個消息都係喺佢地呢個不醉無歸嘅聚會之前無耐公佈,而呢篇球會嘅官方聲明其實係出自高普手筆。
/“Players will come and players will go, that is football, but as a club we are big enough and strong enough to continue with our aggressive progression on the pitch, even when we lose an important player. We have never been in a better position in recent times, as a club, to react in the right way. We will use our size and strength to absorb moments like this and still move forward.”
“有出先有入,足球係咁㗎啦。但我哋作為一間球會,即使無咗一個重要嘅球員,都應該夠堅強喺球場上繼續拼搏。我哋而家處於近年嚟最好嘅時間去應對呢個轉變,我哋應該夠強大去適應然後繼續向前。”/
That night, as the spine of the football staff and their partners made his home their own, Klopp may as well have had the words inked on his appearance.
果晚,當球員帶埋佢地嘅另一半去到高普屋企嘅時候,大家都睇得出高普嘅心情寫晒喺塊面度。
The party, defined as “symbolic” and “powerful” had an element of toasting to Coutinho’s contribution at Liverpool, but at the same time, there was a sense of middle fingers flying in the direction of the doom decorating his departure.
有人事後形容果晚嘅派對好有象徵意義同力量。個Party其實亦都係為咗感謝古天奴對球隊嘅貢獻,但同時似乎大家都對佢嘅離開暗地裡媽聲四起。
Whatever followed, those present felt they were in this together. They believed in each other, in the roster, that the addition of Virgil van Dijk would make Liverpool stronger, that there was more than enough snarl as a collective to continue on an upward trajectory.
無論如何,出席嘅球員都感覺到大家喺同一條船。佢哋相信大家,而且相信雲迪克加盟之後隊波會更加強大,越踢越好。
That Klopp, above all, subscribed so religiously to this thinking translated into others sharing his conviction.
而高普就不斷將呢個信念向成班波洗腦。
Liverpool would not just be fine, Liverpool would be fucking flying.
利物浦唔只會掂,仲要係好撚掂。
Klopp was a portrait of confidence and composure, but the previous five months had been stressful for the former Borussia Dortmund trainer.
高普一直係自信同冷靜嘅化身。但過去5個月,呢位前多蒙特嘅領隊承受住好大壓力。
It went against his entire nature, heavily built around empathy, to see a player so sewn in distress. He treasured Coutinho professionally as well as personally and agonised over what the saga was doing to the Brazil international.
呢個同佢嘅天性相反。佢對古天奴受嘅巨大壓力充滿住同情,而且佢喺個人同足球層面都好欣賞古天奴,對於佢喺呢場轉會風波入面所受嘅折磨亦感同身受。
Klopp imagined what it was like for him at home. He was torn by the impact it was potentially having on his wife and young daughter.
高普曾經想像如果係佢自己,佢老婆同咁細個嘅女所受嘅影響,佢感到更加痛苦。
The manager knew how he'd feel if one of his own kids were going through that situation, or if his partner was being affected by it.
佢好明白如果係佢嘅仔女面對咁嘅情況,或者係佢老婆受到嘅影響會係幾咁大。
Part of Klopp’s weaponry is sagacity, drilling deep to appreciate what drives those that line up under him or work alongside him.
高普其中一個強項就係佢嘅睿智。佢識得深入了解幫佢做嘢嘅人,佢哋嘅動力來源係乜嘢。
That he knew Coutinho, who is quite sensitive and counts his family as his axis, was cheerless made him so too.
而佢知道,古天奴係一個多愁善感嘅人。佢嘅屋企人就係佢嘅世界,而呢點亦係點解佢咁唔開心。
The 50-year-old is often cast as the centrepiece, revelling in attention. He is charismatic, and so is more than comfortable getting on the dance floor or grabbing the mic to create a rhapsodic environment.
呢位50歲嘅教頭經常都成為大家嘅焦點。佢好有魅力,而且好擅長製造開心熱鬧嘅環境氣氛。
But those who know him best insist Klopp is happiest sitting off and shining the spotlight on the ones he cares about having a good time.
但熟悉佢嘅人會知道,其實佢最鍾意嘅係坐埋一邊,睇住佢珍重嘅人做返主角接受群眾嘅目光。
He loves witnessing the initiation tradition of a player singing a song in front of all his teammates.
佢好鍾意一個傳統,就係叫一個球員喺隊友面前唱歌。
He adores the environment the squad have carved between themselves and the way they have married the serious (a strict fine system) with the humorous - Dejan Lovren’s ‘gaffer’ social media undressing stands out after he revealed his Champions League half-time rallying call at Manchester City.
佢好喜歡球隊嘅氣氛,可以將嚴肅(嚴格嘅罰款制度)同幽默結合,例如路夫蘭就喺社交媒體同球迷分享佢喺對曼城果場波半場休息嘅時候做更衣室大佬嘅事。
Klopp can also spend hours on YouTube watching videos of joyous supporters and has noted multiple times this season that watching the crowd develop and truly connect with the team has been special.
高普亦都好鍾意上YouTube睇球迷嘅片。佢多次提到睇住球迷真正同球隊連結埋一齊嘅感覺好特別。
So to view the opposite - to see sadness plague Coutinho - was piercing.
相反,睇住古天奴所受嘅折磨,亦令高普無比痛苦。
As such, if the decision was solely Klopp’s to make, the No.10’s switch to Spain would have been sanctioned before the start of 2017-18.
正因為咁,如果畀高普話晒事,佢開季前就會將古天奴賣去西班牙。
Never thinking he is always right, and knowing what he personally felt was trivial when juxtaposed with the full picture, the German supported the reasoning of Edwards, Gordon and the ownership in general.
高普唔係一個覺得自覺永遠啱嘅人。佢知道自己嘅感覺都係好表面嘅,當佢將成個大局擺喺眼前,佢都同意Edwards,Gordon同老闆嘅諗法。
It did not make sense then, that when the only route available for Coutinho to secure an exit was to go antagonist, his camp targeted the manager in their press onslaught, which only hardened FSG’s stance.
離奇嘅係,當時古天奴一方要離隊嘅唯一可能性就只能夠擺爛個款,而佢哋嘅陣營竟然以高普作為攻擊對象,咁樣結果只係加強咗FSG唔賣嘅決心。
Klopp hid it well, but the falsehoods over his relationship with Liverpool’s “genius,” plus the player’s manufactured unhappiness at the club did hurt - especially as he continued to publicly fight his corner.
雖然高普無表現出嚟,但果啲關於佢同古天奴關係惡劣嘅流言同埋古天奴為球隊帶嚟嘅唔開心,的確係傷害咗高普,特別係高普仲要出嚟喺公眾面前辯護。
Coutinho’s performances post the saga, especially on the continent, may have been seen as a fait accompli, but to get him to feature in the Champions League at all was an achievement.
古天奴喺呢次事件後嘅表現,尤其喺歐聯賽場,有目共睹。但派佢喺歐聯出場呢件事本身就已經唔簡單。
When it became apparent there was absolutely no twisting of Liverpool’s arm, the threat of not representing the club in Europe was still strongly being advocated by his advisors.
當知道利物浦嘅立場非常堅定之後,古天奴嘅軍師就極力主張古天奴拒絕喺歐聯上陣。
Gordon and Edwards toiled to surgically remove that and Klopp began reintegrating Coutinho, a process made simpler by his protection of the wantaway star.
Gordon同Edwards好辛苦咁解決咗呢個問題,高普亦重新將古天奴擺返入球隊嘅戰術體制入面,而高普千方百計咁喺公眾面前保護古天奴亦都令呢件事更加容易。
Despite the heckling and suspicious inverted commas each time the ‘back injury’ that sidelined the midfielder in August was mentioned, Klopp never deviated from his line - even when the issue was “only emotional” according to Brazil’s doctor during an international break.
雖然8月嘅時候,古天奴因“背傷”的確惹嚟唔少懷疑,即使巴西軍醫都話佢嘅背傷只係情緒問題,但高普始終如一支持球員。
Squad harmony and ensuring there were no further hiccups to the start of the season was paramount for Klopp - he did not mind being the subject of ridicule, which drew mass respect from the dressing room.
球隊嘅和諧對高普嚟講最為重要。佢唔介意成為事情嘅主角,咁就可以令傳媒嘅焦點離開更衣室。
10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1…
Happy New Year!
新年快樂!
2018 had only just ticked in, but it entered with the same complexity and concern Liverpool had enjoyed a temporary break from.
2018年啱啱開始,同時標誌住呢個困擾住利物浦嘅問題喺短暫嘅休息之後又再出現。
Barcelona were not so much knocking on the door as they were smashing through it. Coutinho’s desire to leave had not diminished despite his excellence behind a supreme frontline and the club preparing for their first Champions League knockout fixture since 2009.
巴塞羅拿今次唔只係敲門,可以講係撞門。雖然古天奴上半季留喺利物浦表現出色,而球隊亦自2009年以嚟第一次打入歐聯淘汰賽,但佢離隊嘅慾望並無消失。
Liverpool did not want a repeat of the upheaval of the summer, but conversely, neither did they want to cede the Brazilian during such a positive juncture.
利物浦唔想重演上個夏天嘅劇情,但另一方面亦唔想喺呢個重要關頭失去古天奴。
Against the tide, they attempted to persuade him to stay until the end of the season on very lucrative terms - a deal now effective later. However, there was no budging from Barca’s end nor his: Coutinho had been on Merseyside for five years and he was adamant: it was time to say goodbye.
利物浦嘗試挽留古天奴,以先簽約後離隊嘅方式留到季尾。但無論巴塞定係古天奴都寸步不讓:佢已經喺度踢咗5年,佢非常堅決係時候離隊。
As the days ticked on and the eventuality of a sale became more pronounced, Gordon was hugely concerned that the uplifting tone around the club would morph into one of unrest. He was insistent that any abuse should be funnelled towards him and the ownership, shielding Klopp and the squad from toxicity.
當轉會勢在必行,Gordon非常擔心咁樣會為一切都穩步上揚嘅球隊帶嚟負面影響。佢堅持所有外界嘅責難都應該由佢同董事會承擔,高普同球員唔應該受到牽連。
Through this period, though, there was no calmer person at Melwood than the manager and there was no way he wouldn’t front up.
喺呢段期間,成個Melwood無人比高普更加冷靜,亦都無人可以阻止佢對住傳媒頂硬上。
Klopp demanded that everyone relax, that this was just a football transfer, and so they should treat it as such and nothing more.
高普要求所有球員保持放鬆,呢單只係普通嘅足球轉會,大家唔需要諗太多,
If Liverpool did not want any drama around it, then it was imperative that they did not create a spectacle themselves.
如果利物浦唔想事情繼續發酵,佢哋首先就要唔好自己製造新嘅話題。
It was a transaction, not a tombstone for the Reds’ season.
呢單只係一單普通嘅交易,隊波嘅球季仲未完嘅。
The most significant factor was how the squad would react to the development. The Magician was loved by his peers, but additionally, there had been an episode that played on Klopp’s mind.
最重要嘅係隊波點樣面對呢個轉變。隊友都好鍾意古天奴,而有件事喺高普心入面揮之不去。
One August afternoon, a desperate Coutinho approached the senior players’ committee and pencilled in a talk in one of the meeting rooms on Melwood’s ground tier.
早喺8月嘅時候,有一日古天奴喺Melwood一間會議室入面同球隊嘅“一隊球員委員會”開會。
He appealed to them to change the club’s mind, and while he knew the squad wanted him to stay, he also figured fellow professionals would recognise why he felt this was a ‘dream step’ that was critical to take.
佢希望球會可以改變決定。佢知道球隊希望佢留低,但佢亦深信隊友會明白佢為夢想而行嘅呢一步。
For all the chicanery that occurred during the summer window, it was the folding of his teammates into the fuss that most annoyed Klopp.
而最令高普擔憂嘅係其他隊友焦急嘅心情。
So when the deal was done and Coutinho was off, the manager rounded up the full group in the dressing room at the training complex and delivered an incisive address.
當轉會已成定局,高普召集所有球員,喺訓練場嘅更衣室向佢哋訓話。
The message was that they'd lost a great player and a friend, but it was no more than that. He told them to not give anyone on the outside a chance to say that Phil going has affected their season.
高普最主要嘅訊息係,佢哋係喪失咗一個好球員,但亦只係少咗一個好球員咁大把。最重要嘅係唔好畀外面嘅人有任何機會話古天奴嘅離開影響咗我哋嘅球季。
Klopp mentioned that the scrutiny would increase, but he didn't believe it would hamper Liverpool in a negative way. It was important for the team to believe the same, because if they allowed his exit to be an excuse, Liverpool were weak.
高普話佢相信出面嘅批評會越嚟越多,但佢唔覺得球隊會受到任何負面影響。隊波一定要有呢個信念,呢樣係好重要,否則如果球隊畀呢樣嘢成為藉口,咁利物浦就太軟弱。
He reminded his players they could decide whether people said their collective genius had walked out the door with Coutinho.
高普提醒球員,佢哋有能力話畀全世界知道,佢哋加埋嘅力量係咪都畀古天奴一個拎走晒。
/"This is us. On we go."
丟那媽 頂硬上/
Liverpool had anticipated a thunderstorm, and when the whistle for the interval went at the Etihad, they were relieved for the respite from Manchester City’s electric onslaught.
利物浦預咗場波會好難踢,而當半場嘅哨子聲響起嘅時候,佢哋即刻鬆一口氣,可以暫時忘記曼城喺主場瘋狂嘅攻勢。
The scoreline was only 1-0 to Pep Guardiola’s men on the night, and still 3-1 to the visitors on aggregate in the Champions League quarter-finals, but those first 45 minutes were punishing.
比數只係1-0,對於作客嘅利物浦嚟講兩回合計仲係領先緊3-1。但呢45分鐘嘅歐聯八強可以話係一種折磨。
Klopp’s half-time routine is consistent home and away. He speeds from the touchline to the dressing room, takes off his jacket and convenes with assistant coach Peter Krawietz, who has selected crucial in-match clips along with analysts Harrison Kingston and Mark Leyland.
高普每次嘅半場休息都係一樣,主場同作客都係。佢會由球場跑入更衣室,除咗件外套,集合埋已經剪好咗上半場精華嘅助教Peter Krawietz,同埋兩位分析員,Harrison Kingston 同 Mark Leyland。
The footage they slice is never usually of a goal being conceded or scored, but examples of how to avoid the former or ensure the latter by highlighting the positioning of the defensive line or where the best offensive spaces are.
佢哋揀嘅片通常都唔係重溫失波或者入波,而係講解防線嘅企位點樣防止失波,同埋點樣利用進攻嘅空位爭取入波。
At City, there was a deviation. Lovren had been shouting, telling the team to ‘wake up,’ that they weren’t showing enough belief and were allowing Kevin De Bruyne and co to do as they please.
而今次嚟到曼城,情況有啲唔同。路夫蘭大聲喝醒班隊友,話佢哋信心唔夠同埋畀迪布尼太多空位。
Klopp pounced on this as the perfect opening for his own message and so he broke away from his normal process, allowing the centre-back to speak for just under a minute before then commanding the room.
高普覺得呢個會係一個好好嘅開場白,所以佢畀咗大概1分鐘路夫蘭講佢要講嘅嘢。
He started by agreeing with the Croatian, before pointing at Lovren and Van Dijk, saying they were killing the team by being too deep.
之後輪到高普,佢首先同意路夫蘭嘅講法,然後就話路夫蘭同雲迪克逗得太深,令場波好難踢。
He then calmly got his crucial information over: get higher, condense the pitch and stop City playing the passes that feed their strengths.
然後佢好冷靜咁指示球員:逗前啲,企密啲,唔好畀曼城咁多空位做波。
In possession, relax, orientate yourselves better and speed it up. He pointed out spaces available to break City’s press, helping Liverpool retain the ball and thwart the hosts’ constant flow of attacks.
控球果時保持冷靜,轉身然後加速。善用進攻空位突破曼城嘅迫搶,亦都可以減慢曼城嘅進攻。
Klopp then highlighted Alex Oxlade-Chamberlain’s chance at the end of the first half as the memory that would be playing on loop in the home dressing room.
佢特別提到張伯倫臨完半場前嘅一次機會。
He stressed that City had just seen what Liverpool were capable of and it would be terrifying them as all it would've taken was one successful attack to scorch Guardiola's charges.
佢話呢球畀曼城睇到利物浦嘅實力,而佢哋先應該係驚果一隊,因為我哋一次成功嘅進攻佢哋就玩完。
There was an element of 'so what the fuck are we doing still sitting here?' as he ordered them to go out and get back on the front foot.
“咁仲坐喺度做乜鳩吖”高普就趕咗隊波出球場準備。
While City were engulfed by the emotion of the occasion with Guardiola getting sent off at half-time, Liverpool used the break to reorganise.
當曼城仍然因為哥迪奧拿半場被趕離場而激動,利物浦就借呢個時候重整旗鼓。
Klopp’s ability to cut through everything and communicate concisely was visible through the first passage of play in which his side strung five to six consecutive passes together.
高普講解戰術嘅能力可以由利物浦下半場第一個攻勢連續五六下靚傳就睇到。
It culminated in Mohamed Salah’s opener on 56 minutes that effectively ended the tie, after Gini Wijnaldum fed Oxlade-Chamberlain.
利物浦好快就得到回報。56分鐘,韋拿度姆傳畀張伯倫,最後由沙拿射入,賽事就基本上大局已定。
The England international dissected City to supply the Egyptian, who along with Sadio Mane had worked to isolate and unsettle Aymeric Laporte, Fernandinho and Nicolas Otamendi as per instruction.
張伯倫劏穿咗曼城嘅防線,畀沙拿配合文尼,根據高普嘅指示搞掂咗拿撲迪,費蘭甸奴同奧達文迪。
Klopp is forever examined through his magnetism, but not his methods. People see the cool as fuck figure with his unkept stubble in a hoody and trainers, but not the tactical nerd obsessed with preparation and details.
高普最吸引人嘅係佢嘅魅力而唔係佢嘅教波或者戰術。大家睇到嘅高普都係著住運動衫同埋有一頭混亂嘅短髮,同果啲執著於準備戰術部署嘅大師風格完全唔同。
The storyline is dictated by the hugs, fist pumps and rantings, but should be about the composed leader, who is able to read the room and never ducks a big call.
完場嘅一刻充滿住擁抱,碰拳同埋咆哮。但係唔能夠遺忘嘅係呢位永不退縮嘅領袖。
Liverpool need only a point to secure Champions League football heading into the final top-flight game of the season against Brighton? Ok then, he'll just pick four attackers.
利物浦只需要喺白禮頓身上拎到1分就足夠確保下季歐聯參賽資格?無問題,出四個前鋒囉。
There is a misconception too that Klopp’s management is punctuated by Hollywood moments, that ‘Any Given Sunday’ type zingers are delivered on a daily.
大家都有個誤會,就係喺高普嘅領導之下,呢啲本應喺荷李活先出現嘅誇張劇情好似每日都會上演。
To this point, Andy Robertson and Oxlade-Chamberlain are often asked “what did Klopp say to you when things weren’t going well at the start of your Liverpool career?”
就住呢點,羅拔臣同張伯倫都曾經分別被問到“高普喺你哋啱啱加盟,表現唔係咁好嘅時候,同你哋講過啲咩?”
There is no cinematographic answer as there were no elaborate meetings or ground-shifting discussions.
無任何驚喜嘅答案,因為根本就無任何特別嘅對話或者照肺。
He told them to continue as they were, put in the work, and the time would come, things would align.
高普只係叫佢哋繼續努力,時機會嚟到,所有嘢就會好順利。
Klopp believes there is no point ballooning something beyond what it actually is, and that often, the best decision to take is none at all.
高普覺得,有時一動不如一靜。
He figures having ‘the talk’ can be self-indulgent and self-serving at times. If there is no certain benefit to a player, what exactly is the point?
佢覺得有時呢啲所謂對話,即係照肺,根本幫唔到球員,晒氣。
And if there is no massive issue, with the criticism existing externally, why should Klopp feed the notion that there is a problem by formally addressing it?
如果根本就無乜問題,只係外界係度亂咁批評,咁何必太認真看待?
Take Mane for example, who was slightly off colour for a period, snatching a little too much and overthinking every action.
以文尼為例,佢有段時間的確係失色咗啲,獨食咗啲,有啲決定慢咗啲。
In general, though, the speedster was still a threat, still being decisive and still ensuring that the front three functioned exceptionally while adding to his defensive duties.
但整體嚟講,佢仍然係前場一個威脅,仍然係決定性嘅,加上佢喺防守嘅貢獻,確保三把尖刀可以各自發揮作用。
There was never a big sit down with the Senegal international, simply a brief sort of ‘What’s up? Stop beating yourself up about any mistakes, I am very happy with you.’
高普從來都無坐低同文尼傾過啲咩問題,最多都只係“喂,唔使咁躁,你踢得好吖我好滿意。”
Mane found his own way through his stifled spell, aided by a sprinkling of encouragement rather than a lengthy tactical dissection.
文尼最後都走出低潮,靠嘅只係少少嘅鼓勵,而唔需要長篇大論嘅戰術分析。
Klopp doesn’t hesitate to assume control when a situation demands it - see Mamadou Sakho as a reference - but he dictates when necessary, not out of ego nor as an act.
當然,如果有需要,高普會毫不猶豫手起刀落介入問題,沙高就係一個例子。但佢只會喺客觀情況有必要嘅時候先會咁,而絕對唔係自我中心。
October 8, 2015
2015年10月8號
At Hope Street Hotel in Liverpool’s city centre, those who would now work closely with the club’s new manager were offered insight into the character behind the established caricature.
喺利物浦市中心嘅希望街設計酒店(Hope Street Hotel),一班而家同高普緊密合作嘅伙記當時就第一次見識到呢位領隊。
After Klopp signed a three-year deal worth an estimated £7m per season in the Sixth Boardroom, where Rafa Benitez had also ratified a contract with the club in 2004, he gathered the football staff for dinner.
高普同球會簽咗3年,每年值7百萬鎊嘅合約。佢簽約嘅地方同2004年賓尼迪斯同利物浦簽約嘅地方一樣。簽約之後,高普就約咗成班職員食晚飯。
Some expected a rousing speech from the German, others assumed it would be the introduction to Jurgen’s Law.
大家都預期高普會發表激勵嘅演說,或者先小人後君子講下自己帶波嘅規矩。
Instead, Klopp spoke very little, inviting everyone to tell him about themselves, their roles and how things worked at Liverpool - from training schedules to the matchday routine. He wanted to absorb as much information as possible.
但結果,高普無乜點講嘢。佢邀請所有人分別介紹自己,佢啲嘅崗位同職責,由訓練日程到比賽日嘅運作,佢都想知道多啲。
When it was time to talk through the media plan for his unveiling, Klopp was asked about his preferences when dealing with press. “No, no,” he responded, underlining that this was the communication team's field and they were the experts.
當講到應對媒體方面,高普話呢個係公關團隊嘅範疇同專業。
They had to tell him how it should be. They had to teach him.
佢會等佢哋指導佢點做。
One of the Stuttgart native’s gifts is trusting and turning to the people he works with, previously stating “I’m not a one-man show. I was never that in my life, and I never want to be that. The best lesson you can get in a day - to speak to smart people about things they know about much more about than you do.”
高普其中一樣天賦就係對人嘅信任。“我唔係單打獨鬥嘅人,我從來都唔係。每日最好嘅事就係同聰明嘅人傾計,聽佢哋講一啲佢哋比你叻好多嘅嘢。”
It is why when recruitment continuously pushed Salah to the forefront of the agenda for Liverpool’s incomings, Klopp co-signed their expertise.
咁就解釋咗點解當球探極力推薦沙拿嘅時候,高普毫不猶豫就投下信任一票。
He is across everything, but respects staff who take responsibility for their spheres of influence and are bold enough to settle on important decisions without informing him of each small detail.
高普好尊重所有同事喺佢哋自己嘅範疇工作,而且可以勇敢啲做決定,唔使事無大小都問准佢。
Klopp surrounds himself with strong personalities, and as such, perhaps that partly explains why his long-time assistant and friend, Zeljko Buvac, is expected to leave the club at the end of the season.
高普身邊有好多叻人一齊做嘢。或者正因為咁,佢嘅長期拍檔,Zeljko Buvac 預計將會係季尾離隊。
The Bosnian-Serb has been missing from the first-team fold since the end of April due to ‘personal reasons,’ and while no clarity has been offered on the situation, there is thought to be an element of discontent for Buvac over his standing in football.
呢位助教自從4月尾就因為私人理由缺席一隊嘅活動。外界盛傳其中一個原因係佢唔滿意自己喺對足球方面嘅意見唔夠被重視,而呢個傳聞亦一直無被正式澄清。
That his absence has not affected Liverpool behind the scenes is a nod to the strength of the individuals in the backroom team.
佢嘅缺席對利物浦影響似乎唔大正好證明球隊背後支援嘅團隊實力洪厚。
It is a strand that runs through the playing personnel as well, with proof in the non-upheaval following Coutinho’s winter departure.
呢點同球員喺古天奴離隊後嘅穩定表現有異曲同工之妙。
Just as the footballers have happily assumed more responsibility, so too have the coaching and support staff.
正如其他球員樂於承擔更多責任,職員亦都一樣。
“Incredibly healthy” has been a label used to describe the overall set-up at Melwood and when you consider the seamless adjustment of Van Dijk and Salah, it seems an accurate assessment.
有人形容Melwood 嘅分工安排係“非常健康”。當你睇到雲迪克同沙拿都可以咁快適應球隊,呢個講法似乎千真萬確。
Meanwhile, players that took a while to find their stride, like Robertson and Oxlade-Chamberlain, never felt walled off.
同時,一啲需要多啲時間適應嘅球員,例如羅拔臣同張伯倫,都無感到被遺忘。
Klopp empowered Henderson to cultivate the dressing room culture and the captain has promoted a togetherness many within the West Derby facility say they haven’t encountered before.
高普吩咐軒達臣負責更衣室裡面嘅氣氛同文化,而大家都認同呢位隊長為球隊帶嚟前所未有嘅團結。
The bond extends beyond the team to the non-football staff, who are part of the fabric of the place too. This is so much so, that even when players leave the fondness lingers.
呢股團結力量亦擴展至其他職員,甚至乎有啲球員離隊後仍然維持住對球隊嘅感情。
When Liverpool travelled to Rome for the second leg of their Champions League semi-final, Lucas Leiva sent back a surprise for popular canteen pairing Carol Farrell and Caroline Guest - signed Lazio shirts with a personal message for both.
當利物浦作客羅馬嘅時候,盧卡斯利華就準備咗拉素簽名波衫作為驚喜禮物送畀一對飯堂孖寶,Carol Farrel 同 Caroline Guest。
Meanwhile, it is in their domain - the dinning room - where Klopp and Edwards often strategise over breakfast or lunch beyond the more in-depth presentations on players. The duo, who both employ an open-door policy, enjoy an effortless relationship underpinned by mutual respect.
高普同Edwards經常都去到飯堂踩場,趁住食早餐或者午餐嘅時間,向球員做戰術指導。呢對飯堂孖寶都表示門常開,非常之歡迎大家。
And while the sporting director keeps a low profile as he prefers to do his job rather than talk about it, allowing him to make moves under the radar at times, Klopp appreciates that he is distinguished in his field and very decisive.
我哋嘅體育總監比較鍾意低調,不受注目,而高普就非常欣賞佢,喺佢嘅範疇十分之出色,亦好果斷。
The Reds boss is never shy to talk up the brilliance of the recruitment group, who are backed by a stellar research team run by Ian Graham.
高普亦毫不吝惜對由Ian Graham帶領嘅球探團隊嘅讚美。
And while Edwards is not the type to seek credit, Liverpool’s forward line - the most devastating in Europe this season - is largely his sketch.
雖然Edwards並唔鍾意領功,但其實利物浦而家嘅前場三叉戟,好大程度係佢嘅功勞。
Gordon assesses the dovetailing between the pair as a core canon for the club’s success. Klopp appreciates Edwards’ intelligence in assembling a team to effectively implement his aggressive blueprint, while the transfer chief is aware that signing a top player is purposeless without a top manager to extract every inch of their talent.
Gordon覺得兩人之間嘅合作係球會成功嘅重要武器。高普欣賞Edwards可以砌到隊波啱佢用,而呢位轉會話事人亦明白,幾好嘅球員都需要一個優秀嘅領隊先可以發揮所長。
The way the Reds have vaporised teams on the continent this season with their attacking venom has seen a spike in agents calling up to ascertain if there’d be any interest in their exciting clients.
利物浦今季令人聞風喪膽嘅表現令唔少經理人都蠢蠢欲動,想睇下利物浦對佢哋嘅球員有無興趣。
Liverpool are now the running train.
利物浦而家可以話係如日方中。
/'I could see myself here for the rest of my career'
我覺得自己淨低嘅職業生涯都會喺呢度。/
FSG were convinced, but how could they not have been? For nearly five years, he was the one: the ownership’s ideal manager, who remained just out of reach.
FSG都好有信心。等咗將近5年,佢就係管理層心儀嘅領隊人選。
In October 2015, however, he had finally become their one - Liverpool’s Jurgen Klopp.
2015年10月,高普終於成為利物浦領隊。
But it was only on a three-year deal. He had never lived outside of Germany, let alone managed in a different country, and while there were no doubts over his status as The Perfect Fit on the club’s end, Klopp was mindful of the adaptation both he and his family would have to undertake.
但當時佢只係簽咗一份3年嘅合約。佢從來未試過喺德國以外居住,更加唔好講帶一隊德國以外嘅球隊。雖然球會對高普充滿信心,但佢就難免顧慮佢同屋企人適應嘅問題。
The contract represented a realistic scenario rather than a romantic one. During a relaxed conversation in June 2016, however, he remarked that he could imagine being at Liverpool for the rest of his managerial career to Gordon.
合約終歸係現實嘅。之後喺2016年,佢提到自己可能可以將淨低嘅執教生涯都放係利物浦。
That put in motion an instant process to lock Klopp in after a quick discussion with principle owner John Henry and chairman Tom Werner.
球隊即刻事不宜遲,同老闆John Henry同主席Tom Werner簡單討論之後,就立即著手準備留住高普。
Within a matter of hours, fresh terms had been thrashed out with the manager’s agent, Marc Kosicke, and a new six-year deal was agreed.
話咁快,新合約就預備好,喺高普經理人Marc Kosicke嘅協助下,高普簽咗一份6年嘅合約。
Klopp had been on holiday in Ibiza before ferrying over to Formentera, the smallest of Spain’s Balearic islands in the Mediterranean Sea.
當時,高普正喺西班牙伊維薩島(Ibiza)放緊大假,佢之後再飛到地中海嘅福門特拉島(Formentera)繼續行程。
And on June 16, as he celebrated his 49th birthday, he also toasted signing on until 2022, with the news only being announced at the start of pre-season the following month.
喺6月16號,當佢慶祝緊49歲生日嘅同時,佢亦正式簽約擔任利物浦領隊直至2022年,而呢個好消息一直等到臨開季先向外公佈。
/"When you have an individual of Jurgen's quality in the building it makes perfect sense to secure that person for the long term. To not do so would be irresponsible."
“當你有一個好似高普咁有能力嘅人帶領球隊,無理由唔同佢簽份長約,否則係對球隊不負責任”/
Long before Henry, Werner and Gordon had first met with Klopp on October 1 2015 at the New York law offices of Shearman & Sterling, they had done extensive homework on his credentials.
遠喺Henry,Werner同Gordon第一次同高普喺2015年10月1號喺紐約一間律師樓見面之前,佢哋已經對高普做咗好多功課。
It was obvious that he was charming and a unifying figure, but they sharply realised there was endless substance beyond the soundbites and mad-scientist smile.
好明顯高普係一個有魅力而有凝聚力嘅人物,但佢哋好快就發現高普嘅功力唔只咁簡單。
Liverpool had craved a recognisable identity and here was a bonafide architect; a man worshipped in Mainz and Dortmund for his remarkable design work.
利物浦有令人景仰嘅歷史同身分,而高普正正就係一個優秀嘅建築師,佢喺緬因斯同多蒙特嘅出色表現已經係好好嘅證明。
They spoke for hours at the high-rise building on Lexington Avenue in Manhattan, chewing over everything from playing style to reawakening the fan base and reconvened the following day for further talks.
佢哋果日傾咗好耐。由球隊踢法到球迷覺醒,佢哋甚至好傾到要約定第二日繼續傾。
Klopp had made one particular point with regularity: Liverpool should be a force in Europe. And they could be. He would work to get them back amongst Europe’s elite, and moreover, as being the kind of team no-one wanted to face in the Champions League.
高普提出咗一點:利物浦應該,而且可以喺歐洲有一席位。佢會令球隊重返歐洲前列,而且會令利物浦成為喺歐聯無人想對碰嘅隊伍。
In a matter of months after arriving in Liverpool, he had guided the club to the Europa League final eliminating Manchester United, Dortmund and Villarreal en route before falling short against Sevilla at the showpiece in Basel.
嚟到利物浦未夠1年,高普就帶領球隊先後淘汰曼聯,多蒙特同維拉利爾,殺入歐霸盃決賽,可惜喺巴塞爾輸咗畀西維爾。
In his first full season at the helm, Klopp’s side secured a fourth-place finish and a crack at Champions League football for only the second time in eight seasons.
喺佢嘅第一季英超,佢就成功殺入前四,拎到來季歐聯參賽資格。呢個只係利物浦近8年嚟第2次。
And having navigated a tricky qualifier against Hoffenheim last August to enter the group phase of the tournament, Liverpool are in now in its final and will be at the continent’s top table again next season.
而今季,先喺外圍賽淘汰賀芬咸,再經過分組賽,利物浦而家已經嚟到歐聯決賽,而且已經穩奪下年嘅歐聯參賽資格。
Whatever happens against Real Madrid in Kiev, Liverpool’s advancement is unarguable.
無論喺基輔對皇家馬德里嘅決賽結果係點,利物浦嘅進步都係有目共睹。
Rewinding to Hong Kong, that they have made it here - one objective boxed off, one well surpassed - through the disruption, the injuries and the sale of Coutinho mid-season, is masterful.
回帶重溫由香港開始嘅球季,經歷風風雨雨,古天奴離隊同埋傷兵滿營,最終前四目標達到,歐聯之路令人驚喜。
Liverpool have the opportunity to be the ultimate conquerers of Europe this season having already dispatched Porto, Manchester City and Roma, smashing scoring records en route to the NSC Olimpiyskiy Stadium.
利物浦先後闖過波圖,曼城同羅馬,向住奧林匹克國家綜合體育場進發,有機會成為歐洲嘅盟主。
Most significantly though, there is a wealth of confidence within the club that this will not be a rarity, that spellbinding nights under Anfield’s lights will become a divine right again.
而最重要嘅係,球會上下充滿信心,今季嘅成績唔係偶然,以後仍然陸續有嚟。
They believe Liverpool will not just be fine, Liverpool will be fucking flying.
佢哋相信,利物浦唔單止會掂,仲會係好撚掂。
原文連結:
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【臭氧的新威脅猶勝PM2.5
Move Over, PM2.5; Ozone is the New Black】
(myhealthbeijing.com, Jul. 21, 2015) —by Richard Saint Cyr MD
Just when I was getting hopeful about the dramatic improvement this year in Beijing’s PM2.5 levels, along comes a summer deluge of local press coverage about what they’re claiming is air pollution’s number two threat: ground-level ozone. Recent press reports and a campaign by the China National Environmental Monitoring Center have highlighted the fact that on some hot, sunny days this summer, the worst pollutant has been ozone and not the usual PM2.5. But is ozone really as much a threat to our health as the well-documented PM2.5? And if so, do our usual masks and indoor air purifiers help in any way?
就在我才對北京今年上半年的細懸浮微粒污染物(PM2.5)的污染指數有顯著改善此剛剛懷有希望的同時,就讀到一波接連其後的媒體報導提及的空氣中主要威脅的第二順位——也就是地表臭氧。(備註:地表臭氧的污染主要是來自於汽車廢氣裡的氧化物、工廠廢氣以及含有化學物質的煙霧與陽光進行的化學反應。)最近的媒體報導和中國國家環境監測中心所做的調查都明確地指出,這個夏天裡一些炎熱且陽光照射強的日子裡,指數最高的污染物往往是臭氧,而不是平常的PM2.5。不過,臭氧真的會比已被充分研究過的PM2.5更會對人體健康產生危害嗎?如果是的話,我們平時戴的口罩和室內的空氣濾清器會有任何防護的作用嗎?
Most of us know ozone when discussing global warming, as the thinning ozone layer in our upper atmosphere protects us here on the ground. But at ground level, ozone is quite destructive to our lungs, causing both immediate and long-term harm as well as increased death rates. Ozone levels are always highest during sunny summer afternoons, as the sun’s ultraviolet light creates ozone from airborne chemicals, especially from vehicle exhaust — most notoriously from old diesel trucks spewing out their toxic cocktail of fumes. The World Health Organization’s Air Quality Guidelines from 2005 recommend safest ozone levels under 100 ug/m3 (using 8-hour exposure limits), while over 160 ug/ m3 would be considered unhealthy for vulnerable people such as children and people with lung disease, and over 240 ug/ m3 especially unhealthy to all people. China’s MEP guidelines follow the WHO’s interim target of 160 ug/ m3, while the US EPA’s AQI “green zone” is under 120 ug/ m3. During this week’s heat wave in Beijing, afternoon ozone regularly peaked over all three thresholds, commonly over 200 ug/ m3 and peaking at 299 ug/ m3. The Los Angeles area, most polluted in the USA, still regularly has ozone days over 200 ug/ m3 but is far better than a few decades ago when levels frequently hit over 400 ug/ m3. So while ozone levels in Beijing aren’t comparatively as high as PM2.5 is, certainly they are frequently at levels that would be considered unhealthy.
我們當中大部分人都通過關於全球暖化的討論而對臭氧有所了解。正是由於位於高大氣層中日漸稀薄的臭氧層,我們才免於太陽紫外線輻射的危害。但是在地表附近,臭氧對我們的肺十分具有破壞性,它不僅會導致短期與長期的危害,還會提高死亡率。臭氧的濃度總是在夏天陽光充足的下午達到最高值,因為此時太陽釋放出的紫外線與空氣中的化學物質—特別是那些臭名遠播的舊式柴油卡車所排放的毒氣—產生的反應最活躍。世界衛生組織在2005年公布的空氣品質參考指數中,所建議的安全臭氧濃度應為每立方公尺低於100微克(以暴露在污染環境下8小時為極限)。若臭氧濃度高於每立方公尺160微克,則會對身體健康較為虛弱的小孩和肺病患者產生不良影響。若臭氧濃度高於每立方公尺240微克,則會對所有人都產生危害。中國環境保護局的參考指數是依循了世界衛生組織每立方公尺160微克的暫定目標,而美國環境保護署的空氣品質指數將安全的「綠色區域」定為在每立方公尺120微克以下。北京7月中旬的熱浪中,下午的臭氧濃度經常突破以上所述的三個門檻—一般都在每立方公尺200微克以上,最高達到每立方公尺299微克。在美國的洛杉磯—長期以來作為美國臭氧污染最嚴重的城市—經常有臭氧濃度超過每立方公尺200微克的日子,但已經比幾十年前經常超過每立方公尺400微克的臭氧濃度好得多。所以說,北京的臭氧濃度雖然相比之下沒有PM2.5濃度危險(2014年北京PM2.5濃度的平均值是每立方公尺86微克,比洛杉磯的每立方公尺18微克高很多),但是經常處於不健康的範圍內。
In terms of symptoms, ozone seems to cause much more immediate effects than PM2.5 does. You may have noticed while outside during this hot summer that your eyes sting, your head pounds, your throat burns, you cough and feel a bit short of breath. I’ve certainly had such symptoms this summer during some of my bike rides to my clinic, especially returning home early evening, which is usually when ozone peaks. I’m fortunate that I haven’t had more serious symptoms such as severe asthma flares, but I definitely worry about children’s exposure to ozone, especially those with asthma who live near busy roads in sunny places. Healthy children are also at risk; one sobering study in 2002 followed a group of healthy students around smoggy southern California, and those who spent the most hours outside playing sports had a three-fold increased risk of developing asthma from ozone exposure, compared to those who mostly stayed indoors.
就可能引發的症狀來說,臭氧似乎比PM2.5更快會造成不適的身體反應。當你在炎炎夏日裡外出時,可能會發現眼睛刺痛、頭會抽痛、喉嚨燥熱,你會咳嗽並感覺有點喘不過氣。就我個人而言,我在騎車去診所的路上有時確實為這些症狀所困擾,尤其是在傍晚的下班臭氧分布濃度高峰期間。幸運的是,我還沒有出現像是氣喘發作那樣更嚴重的症狀,不過我的確十分擔心臭氧對兒童的影響,特別是那些住在陽光充足而車水馬龍的大街旁且患有氣喘的孩子們。不僅如此,健康的兒童們也籠罩於危險之中。有一項2002年所做的研究著實發人深省,因為其調查了一群居住在霾霧籠罩的南加州的健康兒童。因暴露在臭氧污染的環境下,那些戶外體育運動時間長的兒童得到氣喘的機率是大部分時間留在室內的兒童的三倍之多。
But which pollutant is truly more serious, PM2.5 or ozone? Air pollution action plans for schools (such as the one below) across the USA rank PM2.5 and ozone as equally dangerous pollutants for children, and an AQI over 200 for either PM2.5 or ozone (equivalent to 8-hour ozone of 115 ppb, or 225 ug/ m3) would warrant all children staying indoors; for those with asthma, a stricter cutoff AQI of 100-150 could be even more protective.
但是哪一種污染物更嚴重呢,是PM2.5還是臭氧?美國為學校制定的空氣污染行動方案將PM2.5和臭氧列為對兒童同等危險的污染物。無論PM2.5還是臭氧,只要空氣品質指數超過200(相當於8小時暴露下,臭氧濃度達每立方公尺225微克),學校就需要讓所有孩子待在室內。對於有氣喘的兒童來說,該行動方案則建議,更嚴格的空氣污染指數的限制範圍要限縮在100至150之間。
But does any of this mean we really should change our behavior here in Beijing, any differently than we already act right now with PM2.5? I’m honestly not too convinced; while the WHO Guidelines and a more recent US EPA review do mention data showing increased mortality from higher ozone, and quite strong connections with lung disease, the long-term data just isn’t as impressive to me as it is for PM2.5. For example, PM2.5 clearly causes cancers, and is officially on the WHO’s list of carcinogens, while ozone’s data shows no strong correlation to cancers. Also, PM2.5’s direct damage to the heart is extremely well documented, while data for ozone is far less certain of a connection.
但是這些是否說明我們在北京真的應該改變一下生活習慣了?我們是否應該採取與現在因應PM2.5不同的對策來對付臭氧?說實話,我並不認為我們需要針對臭氧做出相應的改變。儘管世界衛生組織的空氣品質參考指數與美國環境保護署於近期發佈的一項調查顯示,臭氧污染與致死率以及肺病發生率均成正相關,可是在我看來,關於臭氧的長期數據並沒有像PM2.5那樣的令人憂心。例如,PM2.5很明顯地會導致癌症,並正式出現在世界衛生組織的致癌物名單上,然而關於臭氧的數據並沒顯示出其與癌症有很強的關聯性。另外,PM2.5對心臟的直接破壞已經被非常全面地記錄下來,而關於臭氧的數據卻尚未有如此確定的關聯。
But while ozone’s long-term risks may be less than PM2.5, short-term symptoms seem to affect all of us much more easily, especially right now during summer. Perhaps in this case any one of us who is at higher risk, or who commutes in high ozone areas — that includes anyone sitting on a bus, taxi or subway — could consider an anti-ozone mask, especially if you’ve already noticed symptoms. Also, anyone who feels symptoms when ozone is high, even if you are young and healthy, should certainly consider using an anti-ozone mask.
不過,雖然從長期看來臭氧並沒有PM2.5那麼危險,它所誘發的短期症狀卻更容易影響我們每一個人,特別是現在正值夏季。具有高風險呼吸道疾病的人們或是在臭氧濃度較高環境下通勤的人們—包含了乘坐公車、計程車還是地鐵的人—都應該要考慮佩戴防臭氧的口罩,尤其是那些已經有發現呼吸道症狀的人。一旦你感覺到高濃度地表臭氧所導致的症狀時,就算你既年輕又健康,也應該考慮佩戴防臭氧的口罩。
But the main problem here is that most masks’ filter material against PM2.5 is quite impotent against the far smaller ozone molecules, reducing ozone by only one-third. The only way to effectively remove ozone via a mask is to add a layer of carbon to the mask. These specialized anti-ozone masks using carbon were initially designed especially for welders, not consumers. Welding is a particularly dangerous occupation as the heat can create dangerously high levels of ozone (over 1,200 parts per billion, more than 12 times the US OSHA standard), and welders have much higher rates of lung disease than the average population, including asthma. Based on this specialized technology, a few consumer-level carbon masks are available. Studies have shown that disposable masks with carbon (in this case, the 3M 9913, also 90% effective against PM2.5), if fitted properly, can eliminate up to 98% of ozone, which I feel is quite impressive. Even more importantly, lung function was stable with the carbon mask but decreased with the no-carbon mask. After 40 hours of use, the carbon filter still worked perfectly, which means a person like myself could wear these masks for at least a couple of weeks of normal commuting activity, and simply throw them away once they get too dirty — or the rubber strap breaks, which usually happens first.
但是問題在於,大多數口罩中針對PM2.5的不含碳過濾材質對更為微小的臭氧分子能發揮的作用相當有限,因為這類過濾材質只能除去三分之一的臭氧。用口罩去除臭氧的唯一有效辦法就是在其中加一層碳。此類特製的防臭氧口罩最初是為焊接工人特別設計的,而不是針對普通消費者。焊接是一個格外危險的職業,因為焊接時的高溫可以產生極高濃度的臭氧,其濃度超出美國職業安全與健康署所訂定標準的12倍多。因此,焊接工人的肺病(包括氣喘)發生率要遠高於一般人。市面上出現了幾款利用這種特殊技術的含碳口罩。以上的研究和另外一個更新的研究表明,含碳的可拋棄式口罩—如對PM2.5有90%功效的3M 9913型—可以在正確使用的情況下去除98%的臭氧。我認為這還是很能發揮保護效果的。更重要的是,研究還顯示,含碳口罩使肺功能穩定,不含碳口罩則使肺功能下降。此外,含碳口罩的碳層經過40小時的使用之後,依然可以很有效地過濾雜質。這意味着像我一樣的上班族可以在上下班時戴上這類口罩,每個口罩至少可以使用兩星期。在用髒了之後,或者在大多數情況下都是彈性綁帶先斷了之後,就可以扔掉。
Ozone inside a house usually is only 40-50% as much as outdoors, but since we all spend much more time indoors than out, it’s estimated that 25-60% of our total exposure to ozone comes from indoors. Fortunately, the answer to this problem is one you’re probably already taking care of: an indoor air purifier. You may have noticed that most of the decent indoor air purifiers already include a carbon filter along with a true HEPA filter which eliminates PM2.5. Ozone indoors is still probably a less serious hazard to most of us than PM2.5, as well as from dangerous gases like benzene and formaldehyde, which causes cancer. These and other volatile gases are frequently elevated in newly renovated Chinese apartments with poorly made furniture, walls and flooring. The carbon filters can work extremely well against ozone as well as all of these gases.
室內的臭氧污染一般只有室外污染程度的40%到50%,可是由於我們在室內的時間比在室外的時間要長很多,一個研究的估算顯示,我們接觸到的25%至60%的臭氧都是來自於室內。幸運的是,解決這個問題的辦法已經被我們當中的很多人採納—買一個空氣濾清器。你也許已經發現,品質較好的空氣濾清器已經包含了一層活性碳過濾網以及一層HEPA過濾網,而這兩者都能除去PM2.5。室內的臭氧並沒有像PM2.5以及致癌的甲苯、甲醛氣體一樣危險。在中國新裝修的房子中,由於成本較低的家具、牆和地板的存在,類似的揮發性氣體的濃度經常居高不下。空氣濾清器的碳過濾層可以非常有效地去除臭氧和這些揮發性氣體。
I recently had pretty bad asthma attacks, which are now resolved, but I’m still quite nervous about recurrence. So while I’m relieved that I haven’t had any asthma spells this summer, all this recent press about ozone has empowered me to finally get up to speed on ozone research. I’ve decided that the only life change I needed to make was to use a carbon mask (combined with N95) during bad ozone days when commuting to work. Now when I glance at my pollution app on my mobile phone, I will look at ozone concentration as well as PM2.5. Otherwise, I’m already safe at home as my indoor air purifiers already include both carbon and HEPA filters.
我最近有幾次嚴重的氣喘發作,雖然現在已經恢復,但是我對病情復發還是感到緊張。所以在我於這個夏天中慶幸尚未受到氣喘影響的同時,最近媒體關於臭氧的一系列報導也促使我有趕緊加快腳步來做臭氧的研究。我已經決定,唯一需要的改變就是要在臭氧濃度高的日子裡配戴含碳口罩(也同時含有N95材料)上下班。現在每當我打開顯示污染指數的手機程式的時候,除了看PM2.5的濃度以外,我也會看一眼臭氧的濃度。要不然,我在家裡其實已經夠安全的了,因為家裡的室內空氣濾清器就有活性碳和HEPA過濾層。
But I’m also more cautious this summer with my children and asthmatic patients in clinic, making sure they’re also more aware of ozone’s specific threats to them on these hot sunny days. As usual, living healthy in Beijing always requires a combination of common sense and education on public health issues. And with ozone, just like PM2.5, a bit of the same preventive strategies should keep most of us healthy.
在這個夏天裡,我也對兒童和得氣喘的病人格外關注,我要確保他們更加了解炎熱的天氣裡,臭氧會對他們的身體造成什麼樣的威脅。與往常一樣,在北京健康地生活需要普通常識與公共健康議題教育的結合。而對於防範臭氧來說,採用和針對PM2.5一樣的預防措施應該就可以讓大部分的人們保持健康了。
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