两位影响南美洲历史发展的传奇男人!
That time Malcolm X met Fidel Castro in Harlem 60 years ago on this day.
A year after the Cuban Revolution, Castro and his delegation came to New York to attend the UN General Assembly, but the management of the Manhattan hotel the delegation booked now refused to house them after the US government already pressured other hotels to reject the Cubans. Upon learning of their situation, Malcolm X invited them to come uptown to Harlem, to stay at the Black-owned Hotel Theresa, where Malcolm X said he would be greeted with open arms.
"We had two choices: one was the patio in the United Nations; when I told this to the Secretary-General he was horrified at the thought of a delegation camping in tents there; and then we received Malcolm X’s offer, he had talked to one of our comrades, and I said: “That is the place, Hotel Theresa." And there we went,” said Castro.
People from Harlem received the 34-year-old Cuban revolutionary leader by the thousands, with masses huddling round-the-clock in front of the hotel. Castro was to them that bearded revolutionary who had told white America to go to hell and his stay there was an important acknowledgement of the struggle African Americans shared with the rest of the Third World in resisting racism, colonialism and imperialism.
When the 35-year-old Malcolm X received Castro they talked about the incredible inhospitality the Cuban party had experienced at the Shelburne, the insulting demand made upon them for a $10,000 deposit against damage to be expected from Cuban "barbarians" after a racist slander campaign in the press that included baseless charges of plucking live chickens at the hotel.
But above all, Fidel spoke of Harlem. "I always wanted to come to Harlem," said Castro, "but I was not sure of what kind of welcome I would get. When I got the news that I would be welcome in Harlem, I was happy." The Black people of the United States were not as brainwashed by the government's anti-Cuban propaganda as whites, he continued. Revolutionary Cuba, a majority Black nation, was wiping out racial discrimination. Cubans, Africans and the Black people of the United States were all in the same boat. "I feel as if I were in Cuba now. I feel very warm here." Malcolm X responded that it was indeed true that, "We in Harlem are not addicted to all the propaganda the U.S. government puts out." And then they embraced.
"As long as Uncle Sam is against you, you know you're a good man," Malcolm X told Castro.
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古巴版勇者鬥惡龍
Cuban Dragon Quest
請原諒我用詼諧的語調來講述一個英雄的傳奇。 如不是這樣,這文章會顯得太批判且爭議。這個故事是有關於古巴英雄Che Guevara。Che Guevara 古巴式西文發音接近「謝•給巴喇」。謝一輩子多數的時間都在扮演鬥惡龍的勇者。那麼我們就姑且稱呼他為「勇者謝」吧!
Forgive me for describing a hero’s legend in a comic style. If it is done otherwise, this article would appear too critical as well as controversial. The story begins with a dragon slayer whose name was Che Guevara. Most of his life was spent on trying to slay an evil dragon. So, let’s tentatively call him Che the Dragon Slayer.
勇者謝本名叫Ernesto Guevara。結過兩次婚。第一任妻子生了一個女兒,第二任生了4個孩子。他曾有個美夢想要生一個棒球隊的孩子。後來甚至希望要一個足球隊。
Che the Dragon Slayer’s actual name is Ernesto Guevara, who was married twice with one daughter from the first marriage and four children from the second. He once had a dream of wanting to have a baseball team of kids and a football team for later.
謝出生於阿根廷的一個富裕的家庭。還未成為勇者的謝在醫學院畢業後與友人花了九個月騎摩托車遊歷在各個拉丁美洲國家之中(可參考電影摩托車日記)。這個時期拉丁美洲許多國家活在惡龍的威脅陰影之下。就像最後成為佛祖的那位看遍了人世苦難的印度王子一樣,謝的革命思維在遊歷期間因為見到了許許多多不公不不義而逐漸成熟。
Che was born into a well-to-do Argentinian family. After graduating from medical school and before taking on his dragon slayer title, Che spent nine months touring countries in Latin America with his friend (please refer to the excellent movie The Motorcycle Diaries). Latin America during that time was under the looming shadow from an evil dragon. Like the Indian prince who became Buddha after witnessing all the worldly suffering, Che’s idea to start a revolution to free Latin America became fully developed while he saw many injustices during his trip.
旅程結束後的隔年,謝就加入了革命的行列成為一位真正的勇者,發誓讓中南美洲免於惡龍的威脅。坊間相傳他在墨西哥時三訪卡斯楚,想要加入古巴革命軍。但前前兩次都被拒絕了,第三次他透過卡斯楚的一位阿根廷好朋友跟卡斯楚推薦。第三次卡斯楚終於說:好吧,謝(Che )你來吧。從此他在秘密行動中開始使用謝這個化名。甚至在給本國人使用的3 CUP上放上了自己勇者謝(Che)的簽名和肖像。
In the year following the end of his journey, Che joined the ranks of the revolution and became a genuine dragon slayer, swearing to free Latin America from the threats of the evil dragon. According to one of Che the Dragon Slayer’s stories among Cubans, he visited Fidel Castro in Mexico three times, each time intending to join the Cuban revolution force. He was turned down the first two times. The third time, Che the Dragon Slayer had a good Argentinian friend of Fidel Castro recommend that Che be allowed to join the force. Finally, Fidel Castro nodded his approval, and said “Che, come and join us!”. Ever since that moment, this dragon slayer adopted the name Che for all his covert operations. He even allowed the name Che and his portrait to be used on the three-dollar CUP bill used by the locals.
前往Santa Clara路上,座落著勇者謝的衣冠塚紀念館。紀念館建築上方豎立了一尊著軍裝的勇者謝雕像。其中值得注意的是他的左手打著石膏。石膏的由來是他在這附近打游擊戰時,為了翻過一道高牆而摔斷了左手臂。因此立在這裡的雕像如實表現勇者鬥惡龍的狀況。在給外國人用的3 CUC的鈔票上的雕像就是這個Che的雕像。
On the way to Santa Clara sits the Che Guevara Mausoleum. A bronze statue of Che the Dragon Slayer in his military uniform was erected on top of the building. When looking carefully, you will notice that the left arm of the statue is in a cast. The story goes that Che the Dragon Slayer was in a battle in this area and broke his left arm when he tried to flip over a wall. Therefore, the statue with the cast reflects truthfully how he fought against the dragon. You can also find an image of this statue printed on the 3-CUC bill that foreigners use.
勇者謝在打贏了古巴革命戰爭之後,以為已經戰勝Boss級的惡龍,接受了古巴央行總裁的職位。他一家人移民到古巴,準備要生出一整個棒球隊的孩子。然而勇者謝不經意轉身一看,卻發現那惡龍卻在其他國家荼毒肆虐。然後,他再次穿上盔甲去非洲剛果幫助當地人打游擊戰。他說必須離開他的家人,但古巴革命會替他照顧他的家人。後來1967年勇者謝在玻利維亞打游擊戰被俘虜然後殺害。而古巴和卡斯楚確實替他照顧他的家人。
After Che the Dragon Slayer won the Revolutionary War, he thought the evil dragon had been slayed. He then accepted the position as the president of the National Central Bank. His family immigrated to Cuba, and he was set to pursue his dream of having a baseball team of kids. However, Che looked around the world and realized that the dragon was making people in other countries suffer. He decided to put on his armor once again to help the people in the Congo fight the dragon. He told the Cuban people that he had to leave and asked that Cuba look after his family for him. And, Fidel Castro and Cuba looked after his family indeed.
在玻利維亞,一些勇者謝招募的人員被惡龍的情報局給收買而一直洩漏他的行蹤,加上惡龍情報局收買當地的其他游擊隊來追殺他,他終於和其他游擊隊員共39人被惡龍的爪牙捕獲。下令殺他的人事後後悔說到他並沒有因為殺了勇者而變成英雄,反而臭了自己的名聲。一位在場的玻利維亞人在臨終之前透露了勇者謝被殺害埋屍的地點。一位比利時研究人員和古巴研究人員合力找到了當時已經變成機場的地址,花了約一個月時間終於挖到了39具遺骸。遺骸以英雄規格被迎接回古巴,由卡斯楚親自迎接。其場面令全國動容。
Che the Dragon Slayer was murdered while leading a guerrilla war in Bolivia.
In Bolivia, some comrades recruited by Che the Dragon Slayer were bought out by the evil dragon’s intelligence service and leaked his whereabouts. Plus, some guerrilla groups were also hired by the evil dragon to hunt him down. He and 38 other guerrilla members were captured. The officer who gave the order to execute Che the Dragon Slayer regretted his actions and mentioned later that he became notorious for executing the dragon slayer. One person present when Che and 38 members were executed revealed on his death bed the location of Che the Dragon Slayer’s burial ground. A Belgian researcher worked together with Cuban researchers and found the burial site at what had become an airport. They spent approximately one month unearthing the remains of the 39 bodies. The remains were then shipped back to Cuba and received with the nation’s highest honors by Fidel Castro. It was a heartfelt scene for the entire nation.
總而言之,這一路過關斬將的勇者謝,有著無比堅定的信念及行動力。如果勇者謝的思想可以被視為一種信仰,那麼他就是信仰中的救世主了。可惜與小說裡的結局不同的是,勇者在半途中倒下,也沒有電玩中的三條命可以回魂。然而在他倒下時所發出的巨響,卻震撼了全世界。 勇者謝身前的一張照片(在3 CUP紙鈔上)被義大利來的記者從古巴的資料庫中給取走,在歐洲媒體刊出並在世界各地造成一股旋風。各地許多嬉皮響應並認同勇者謝想要讓美洲和非洲免於惡龍控制的的革命志向。勇者謝著名的照片於是在世界各地成為了正義與勇氣的象徵。~完結~
All in all, Che the Dragon Slayer, who crossed many hurdles, had an extremely strong faith and success in carrying out his ideals. If his ideology were a religion, he would then be considered its Savior. Unfortunately, unlike happy endings in some novels, the dragon slayer bit the dust along the way. And, he didn’t have three lives either like some of the dragon-slaying video games. However, the enormous sound made by his body falling on the ground shocked the world. The photo portrait of Che Guevara on the three-CUP bill was copied by an Italian journalist and then published in some European media, which created a whirlwind across the world. Over the years following Che the Dragon Slayer’s death, many people have answered Che’s call to free Africa and Latin America from the evil dragon. Che the Dragon Slayer’s famous photo has become a symbolic icon of courage and justice.
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【古巴 Cuba】
被偷走的時間 Stolen Time
古巴人有個笑話:「古巴唯一家電信公司是國營的,所以也是古巴最好的電信公司。」網路在這裡使用不像在其他國家那樣便利,所以來古巴有些人選擇戒網路,而另一些人則會購買網路卡片(簡稱網卡)在特定的地點或餐廳使用。雖然被告知Wifi 用完要登出網卡帳戶,不然可能會被非官方提供的網路入口店家偷走剩下的網卡時間,但我仍然因為大意而被偷走了一些時間。一如那些我被偷走的時光一樣,古巴被偷走的時光被凍結在來自舊時的街道和住宅中進退兩難。
A Cuban joke goes “the only telecom in Cuba is state owned, so it is also the best in Cuba.“ Unlike other countries, using the Internet here is not so easy. So, some travelers chose to do full Internet detox whereas others will purchase some Internet Cards that connect only at designated spots or restaurants. Even though I was told to log out after using the Card because some private hotspot providers might steal my remaining time by copying my account number and password, my time was still stolen. Like what happened to me, Cuba’s time and future has also been stolen, as is evident when strolling down its time-frozen streets with buildings from a distant past.
因為美國迫使世界其他國家對古巴禁運的關係,這裡的市街光景就像「停」(PARE)的交通標誌所暗示一般給凍結在介於50到60年代之間 。許多車子都是50年代的拉風老爺車。路上隨處可見的馬車讓我有種時空錯亂的幻覺。在Santa Clara我甚至看到了大包廂馬車當作 collectivo (黑牌共乘計程車)使用。
Because the US requires other countries comply with its embargo on Cuba, life here seems to be frozen from the period between the 1950’s and 1960’s, as suggested by the PARE/ stop sign. Many eye-catching classic cars are actually from the 50’s. The ubiquitous horse carriages create the illusion of time and space disconnect. To add to the confusion, I even saw a large horse carriage in Santa Clara being used as a collectivo, which means an unlicensed shared taxi for the locals.
時光偷竊變得更不仁的地方是位於古巴中部的千里達。因為鄰近其他加勒比海國家,從十七世紀開始千里達就受惠於非法買賣黑奴來經營蔗糖、咖啡和菸草產業。19世紀千里達升級成為古巴最重要的蔗糖貿易中心。隨著蔗糖產業蓬勃發展所需要的人力,千里達自然就成為了黑奴買賣的大本營。許多白人殖民者使用非洲黑奴被偷走一百多年的人生時光來致富。這也是後來卡斯楚在1953年領導革命之戰來弭平種族歧視的原因,同時順便消除1901年以來美國趁古巴獨立初期的政治空檔而掌控古巴的政治與經濟,更進一步造就貧富懸殊的社會動盪,如賣淫、毒品、賭博和暴力等亂象。
Time-theft becomes unkinder in Trinidad, located in central Cuba. Due to its location being closer to other Caribbean countries, Trinidad long benefited from the slave trade to support the manpower needs of its cane sugar, coffee and tobacco industries. By the 19th century, Trinidad became the center of the cane sugar trade. With its increased demand for manpower in the burgeoning cane sugar industry, Trinidad naturally turned into a stronghold for black slave trade. Many colonizers made their fortune with time stolen from black slaves for more than 100 years. This is one of the reasons Fidel Castro led the revolution in 1953 to close the gap between the black and the white. Meanwhile, the revolution served as another way to erase social turmoil caused by the enormous gap between the rich and the poor. Such turmoil, including prostitution, drugs, gambling and violence, was a direct result of the US taking advantage of the vulnerable Cuban economy and political instability from its time as a young nation in 1901 all the way through to the attempt to overthrow Castro’s government with the infamous US-led Bay of Pigs invasion in April, 1961.
雖然被美國政府偷走了古巴時間,但卻偷不走古巴人的尊嚴。雖然路上可以見到乞討的人,但基本上都仍然衣著乾淨無體味。古巴雖然一度被美國的禁運逼到連嬰孩沒有足夠的食物而轉而投入共產主義的懷抱,從而接受蘇聯的物資救濟與貿易,實際上骨子裡卻是個不折不扣的社會主義國度。這讓古巴人民享有良好的免費教育以及免費的醫療,驕傲地活在那被偷走時間的國度中。
While the US government has stolen Cuba’s time, they cannot steal Cubans’ pride. Beggars can be seen in the streets, but most of them are personally clean as well as dressed in clean clothes. At one time, Cuba was sanctioned and embargoed to the point where it had little choice but to embrace communism in order to receive much needed financial aid and resources from the Soviet Union. However, Cuba has always been a true socialist nation at heart; Cuban people enjoy free education as well as free medical care, which allows them to live proudly in their time-stolen country.
在被偷走的時光中,雖然日子過的苦,但人們卻不能沒有娛樂。古巴的娛樂似乎也以一種時光倒流六七十年的狀態存在。在Viñales鎮上的主要廣場角落的Centro Cultural Polo Montañez文化中心,說明白點就是個夜店,而且是個跳舞不做作的人適合的好去處。在這裡人們盡情享受熱情的音樂混合跳著salsa, rumba和lambada。有別於現在一些台灣夜店的陰暗與萎靡,這裡在溫暖的光線下呈現的是種自然的社交娛樂,人們夜夜盡情舞出60年代的歡樂。
While Cuba’s time has been stolen, and although life can often be tough, one cannot live without entertainment and fun. Cuban entertainment seems to exist in a frozen state where the clock has been turned back 60 or 70 years. In the corner of Plaza Mayor in Viñales sits the Centro Cultural Polo Montañez. To be more specific, it is a dance club, a great place for unpretentious and carefree dancers. Here people appreciate passionate music mixed with salsa, rumba and lambada. Much different from the dark and sometimes seedy modern dance clubs in Taiwan, what prevails here is a natural way of socializing and entertaining. They dance to their heart’s content and each night recreate that happy atmosphere of the 60’s.
Viñales夜店熱舞的影檔連結如下:
Here is a link to a YouTube video to see the feverish dancing at the club.
https://youtu.be/WekosJlvw04
我不清楚偷走的時光該如何還來,也不理解繼續這樣懲罰他們有什麼意義?我只能如實地呈現我所見到的古巴當下。如果真能為這個苦難的國家做點什麼,也許可以在這裡呼籲所有去古巴旅行的同好,請多帶一些基本物資當作小禮物送給途中你將遇到的堅韌而美麗的靈魂。
I’m not smart enough to possibly know how Cubans can get back their stolen time, nor why they continue to be punished by their big neighbor to the north. But what I can do is show you today’s Cuba as I saw it. What you, as a visitor, can also do is bring along some basic goods with you as small tokens of your appreciation for seeing Cuba and give them to the strong and beautiful souls that cross your path along the way.
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