[黑熊 － 中藥最孤苦的受害者]
[Black Bears — The Loneliest Victim of Traditional Chinese Medicine]
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熊膽以前是透過捕捉野熊取的，但亦因此亞洲黑熊(月熊)的數量下降了不少，促使中國在1984年開始養熊, 並以持續從熊膽抽取膽汁但不殺熊的方式取膽汁。現時估計有2萬隻膽熊在中國，越南，老撾，韓國和緬甸被圈養，其中一半關在籠子裡的熊都在中國。
1. 然而養熊的方法沒有減少被捕捉的野熊數量。相反，熊膽產業的增長導致對熊膽產品的需求增加。而野熊亦繼續被捕殺，因為野生熊的膽汁比養殖熊的膽汁價值更高。
2. 亞洲黑熊受到瀕危野生動植物種國際貿易公約 (CITES)第一條列的保護。根據國際自然保護聯盟(IUCN), 亞洲黑熊是弱勢的動物種類。 在中國捕殺黑熊是犯法的，但有些被獲救的黑熊明顯失去了牠們的肢體，表明這些法律其實一直受到侵犯。
3. 不少在幼崽時期被捕抓的黑熊生活在擠迫的籠中，最長被養殖20至30年。一些捱過牠們膽汁生產高峰期的熊，大約在10歲左右之後會被殺死, 並賣掉被認為是美味佳餚的身體部位。
Bear bile used to be obtained from hunting wild bears and removing their gall bladders, but a decrease in the number of wild Asiatic black bears and demand for a method of consistently extracting bear bile led to bear bile farming beginning in China in 1984. An estimated 20,000 bile bears are kept in captivity in China, Vietnam, Laos, Korea, and Myanmar, half of which are in China.
1. Bear farming has not caused the poaching of wild bears to decrease. Instead, the growth of the bear bile industry has led to increased demand for bear bile products, and wild bears continue to be hunted as bile extracted from wild bears is perceived as being more valuable than bile from farmed bears.
2. The Asiatic black bear is listed on CITES Appendix I and considered as vulnerable on the IUCN Red List. The Chinese government made it illegal to hunt bears for their parts, but a number of rescued bears are missing limbs, suggesting that these laws are clearly being violated.
3. Asiatic black bears caught as cubs may live in crush cages and be farmed for as long as 20 to 30 years. Bears that outlive their most productive years, which typically occurs after around 10 years of age, are sometimes killed for their body parts, some of which are considered delicacies.
http://advocacy.britannica.com/…/traditional-chinese-medic…/
https://edition.cnn.com/…/asia/vietnam-bear-farms/index.html
https://www.rfa.org/…/commen…/asia-bears-02282018151832.html
https://www.star2.com/…/li…/2017/07/18/stop-using-bear-bile/
https://www.ibtimes.co.uk/bears-spend-lives-crush-cages-tor…
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