關於 exponential function ，我們在網路上蒐集到這些相關的討論、資訊與評價

譚新強：邪不能勝正

恭喜拜登正式成為美國第46位總統！選舉日為去年11月3日，因疫情嚴重所以大量人選擇以郵寄方式投票，所以點票需時較長，但也只不過約一周而矣(投票科技非常過時)。投票率高達65%，但選舉結果一點都不接近，拜登得票比特朗普多出近7百萬票。不幸特朗普願賭不服輸，多番經社交媒體散播謊言和思想病毒，故意撩起民粹，呼籲支持者以"行動"奪回國家，結果導致1月6日的暴力襲擊國會山莊悲劇，5人喪命。特朗普的4年邪惡總統任期，就此在這片血腥回憶中告終，可能也頗適合，希望起一點警剔作用。

有些人可能抗拒我以邪惡來形容特朗普，以邪教來形容他的信徒。他們錯誤以為正邪觀念已屬過時，且憤世嫉俗（cynically）認為世界上只有強權，沒有公理，只有個人利益，根本不需要講同情心和同理心，所以做任何事都可以不擇手段，即使導致其他人無辜受害。

反過來，另外一些意志較薄弱的人，又容易被人洗腦，變成極端主義分子，盲目追隨他們相信是至美至善的某種宗教、意識形態、政治、經濟或國家主義。最危險的是以為只有他們自己才擁有絕對性，不用講道理、邏輯、證據的絕對永恒真理（通常再加上幻想被迫害），任何不相信的都是魔鬼，所以可以隨意欺凌、打壓，甚至殺害和徹底剷除！

明顯西方的所謂資本主義經濟體制，已出現嚴重問題。過去30年，低下階層人士的生活水平停滯不前，在美國甚至下跌，貧富懸殊更日益嚴重（中國情况也嚴重，但低下階層的生活也在改善），尤其在2008年金融海嘯後，採用零利率、負利率和QE等極端政策，情况更加速惡化。美國股市不停上升，窮人無論多努力工作仍追趕不上，反而連最基本的全民醫保都沒有，還講什麼人權？

這逐漸腐化的社會環境，就培植出西方民粹主義和特朗普現象出來了。香港的情况也有點類似，歷史背景、居住環境差，再加上聯繫匯率輸入資產泡沫，社交媒體輸入思想病毒，結果也出事了。

美國的反民主制度選出特朗普，初時很多人都只覺得是個無傷大雅的鬧劇，有如向所謂的傳統精英階層（establishment）豎起中指致敬。他的言行誇張，極具娛樂性，總算替他的支持者出口氣，更為每晚的「脫口騷」提供大量搞笑題材。開始時只是對他們認為是有點過分的PC文化的一點pushback（反攻），不想接受性別完全平等和性取向的完全自主權，弄致有些公眾地方需要設置4個或甚至更多的洗手間！但當然這是個危險的「滑坡謬誤」（slippery slope），戲謔逐漸演變成對所謂自由主義的仇恨，以及更醜陋的白人至上、種族、國家、甚至新納粹主義！到了一兩年前，這些非常邪惡的意識形態、極端信仰，甚至暴力語言和行為，包括針對中國和中國人（在共產主義就是魔鬼的包裝下），幾乎恐怖地成為美國的主流文化和價值觀。

拜登勝利不代表民主勝利

不過，後來不幸碰上COVID疫情這次嚴峻的全球大考，特朗普的無知和無能完全暴露出來，甚至選擇完全反科學的政策，導致傷亡惨重。一如我所料，到1月20日拜登就職，美國死亡人數剛好超過40萬，有人讚我料事如神，過獎但非也，我只是相信科學和疫情傳播數學模型的預測。COVID當然是今次美國選舉的最重要推手，選出拜登也並不代表美國社會突然放棄原來的種族歧視觀念和極端國家主義。我更不贊同拜登勝利代表「Democracy has prevailed（民主最終取得勝利）」，最多只算「America has survived（美國倖存下來）」。但我希望拜登能幫助改變美國文化，起點撥亂反正的作用。

我勉強算跟拜登有過一面之緣，另參加過一次他也在線的Zoom峰會，亦有一些曾當他顧問的美國朋友。感覺上他是一個nice guy（好人），比較謙虛和關心別人，人生經驗豐富，且經歷過不少家庭慘劇，年輕時喪妻女，數年前又再失去最痛錫的長子，所以肯定擁有較多同情心和同理心，其實是每個領袖必須有的基本素質。他絕對不是一個完人。讀書成績非常差，代表人並不太聰明（IQ低），但人緣好（EQ高），所以30歲時已成功以反越戰立場（他也是個以哮喘為由的draft dodger），擊敗原以為肯定連任的共和黨參議員。他當了多年的單親父親才再婚，且近40年一直每天坐2小時火車到華盛頓上班。

我不清楚拜登私德如何，有否犯過性騷擾過失，但似乎不算太嚴重。政策上也曾犯錯，投票支持小布殊攻打無辜的伊拉克，但後來表示後悔。他始終是美國帝國主義下的產物，尤其因他已去世兒子，雖已成為特拉華州的檢察總長，仍志願參軍到伊拉克打仗，所以至今拜登幾乎每次演說，到最後都必加句「May God protect our troops（請上帝保護我們的軍人）」。不算過分，但亦意味他也是會不管戰爭的原因和對錯，只會堅持美國一方永遠站在道德高地，即使不是，仍將盲撐下去。

故意散播歪理就是邪惡

回頭再分析一下正邪和善惡如何分界。我並無強烈宗教信仰，更非一個研究道德倫理的哲學家，但我是一個有良知，擁有基本人性、理性、講道理、講邏輯，更相信科學的「正常人」， 在我心目中，這個世界是有善惡，是有正邪之分的，即使不是絕對性的，也最少有相對性的區別。

我認為現今衡量人的思想和行為的正邪，需要3個標準：

（1）某觀點和論述，是否符合事實和基本科學。近年假新聞、假歷史和假科學，充斥各媒體甚至教育課程，指鹿為馬已變成新常態，更遑論渴望人民有獨立思想和科學精神，以數據和理據為依歸。一切故意散播反事實、反科學的歪理，都是邪惡的。

（2）不論立場，每個人的思想，尤其行為，都必須有一些包容性和慈悲之心，更不可崇尚以暴力解決問題。如果太過固執和自以為是，且妖魔化其他不同意見人士或甚至其他國家，情况就非常危險。矮化他人至連人也不是的地步後，到時最恐怖最殘忍的暴行都可以做出來，例如恐怖襲擊，和早前報道出來的澳洲士兵以殺害阿富汗兒童為「破處」殺人訓練，以及Blackwater僱傭兵在伊拉克的無數次濫殺無辜平民的戰爭罪行，且獲得總統特赦！不用多說，這就是邪惡！

（3）從前只要對人好，已可算是善良，但在現今全人類面對氣候變化和相關大流行疫情的挑戰，我認為任何故意損害地球環境和不按本分協助抵抗疫情的行為，也是邪惡的。戴不戴口罩，開電動車還是只因喜愛引擎聲而開內燃機超跑等選擇（當然亦需配合再生能源發電），已不再是個人自由的問題，而是關乎全人類未來的大議題！

拜登上台第一天，已簽署17個行政命令，大部分為扭轉特朗普之前發出的邪惡命令，包括停止退出世衛，申請重返巴黎氣候協定，停止歧視多個伊斯蘭國家的入境限制令，以及在所有聯邦政府建築物內的口罩令。這些都是撥亂反正的好開始。

但可惜美國邪惡故意抹黑中國的言行仍未改變。蓬佩奧在離職前最後一天，仍不遺餘力，將純屬中國內致的新疆政策， 誣衊為極嚴重的種族滅絕（Genocide）罪行。不幸美國候任國務卿布林肯（Antony Blinken）亦表示，大致贊同特朗普的對華政策！

種族滅絕是最嚴重的人類罪行指控，絕不可亂說，後果可以極嚴重，可以帶來戰爭。請留意，美國的誇張指控，並非指控中國殺害維族同胞，他們只是誣衊中國採取限制維族人生育的政策，而此指控明顯與事實剛剛相反。眾所周知，在從前的一孩政策下，少數民族包括維族同胞，都享有優惠人口政策，可多生一個，農村更可生三個。在新疆此優惠政策到2017年才取消，不是壓制維族，是漢人終於也可享有生兩個同樣待遇！在2010至2018年期間，新疆的維族人口急速增加了25%，是漢人的10倍，升至近1300萬人。

過去十多年，新疆固然有恐怖襲擊和社會分裂問題，但現在情况已好了很多，新疆已再次和平穩定和安全。從前主要是受到美國在中東和中亞的不道德戰爭和大屠殺所影響，令到大量伊斯蘭教徒走向極端化。中國必須處理此動亂問題，但政策和手法比美國和平加有效數百萬倍！再教育、反洗腦和職業培訓，總比大屠殺正義和善良得多吧！

中國新疆政策比西方大屠殺善良

談到種族滅族這類極嚴重罪行，歷史上不幸也經常發生，大部分西方帝國，尤其英美都曾犯下這些滔天罪行。所謂發現新大陸後，一手十字架，一手利劍，再加散播病毒。1763年，英軍在特拉華州曾試過假扮善良，贈送沾滿天花病毒的毛氈給原住民，但原來不是意外，竟是故意放毒大屠殺，是原始的生化武器，行為極度殘忍和可恥！歷史清楚記載，歐洲殖民主義者，在200年內滅絕99%的美洲原住民，估計人數高達5000萬至1億，即納粹屠殺600萬猶太人的十多倍！這才是滅族！

肯定又有人反對重提西方帝國主義歷史罪行舊帳，狡辯與現代西方人無關。我認為責任多大需考慮4個因素：

（1）罪行的規模。德國納粹屠殺600萬猶太人，日軍南京大屠殺，和歐洲殖民者滅絕美洲和澳洲原住民，這等級的罪行，當然應受到很長時間，超過一世紀的懲罰和譴責，以及更重要的不可讓後代忘記此歷史，慎防再犯！

（2）時間的過去始終是個因素，必定體現一個exponential decay function。即使是極殘酷滅族罪行，例如蒙古帝國征服歐亞時，就算用當時標準，手段也是極度兇殘，罪孽甚深。但畢竟已過了800年，死者已矣，被消滅民族，已無後人替祖先發聲爭取平反。

西方人殖民美洲500多年，美國也立國近250年，拜登提名當內政部長的哈蘭（Deb Haaland），才是有史以來首位原住民內閣成員！這就算是贖罪？

（3）我從前也曾討論過，英國犯下嚴重歷史罪行如鴉片戰爭（販賣黑奴的罪也不輕），沒有發生過革命，連君主立憲制都仍保持着，既沒有賠償，連一句道歉都沒有，怎可能推缷責任？美英每四五年一次的選舉制度，只是表面化的政黨權力交替，絕非洗脫罪名的藉口！

（4）最重要的標準仍是這些國家有否真正懺悔，有否洗心革面，改變現今政策和行為？以此為標準，美國和英國肯定不合格，以美國為首的西方聯盟，單在中東及中亞的不義之戰，在過去20年已殺害和導致過百萬伊斯蘭教徒死亡！行為和後果與十字軍東征幾乎無異！從前以護教拯救聖城為名，現在以更虛無縹緲的保衛自由民主作藉口！每次我聽到美國士兵滿臉正義，洗腦式地說，冒險參軍去伊拉克打仗殺人，是為了自由民主，我就毛骨悚然！為誰的自由？為誰的民主？

相對來說，中國過去了30年的政績，不止成功，更證明大量汲取過去錯誤中的重要教訓！以處理2019年的香港暴亂為例，拖了很久，明顯主要原因正是不想大開殺戒，企圖以最低武力止暴制亂。手法明顯比英治時代和中國內地過去經驗溫和，跟美國警察先開槍，後問話的慣例手法，更不用比較了。中國對外政策更加和平，已40年沒有戰爭！

中國需建構理論基礎說服世界

中國社會和經濟發展都非常成功，人民素質不斷提升，今年人均壽命將超越美國，整體名義GDP也可望數年內超越。更重要的是中央政府得到超過90%全國人民的支持，且管治手法不斷改善、優化和減少使用武力，達到和諧社會的目標。可惜中國不善表達和論述自己的管治理念，仍缺乏一套完整的政治和經濟理論，所以至今連一個諾貝爾經濟學獎都未拿過。獎本身不重要，重要的「獲獎」代表中國開始整理好理論基礎，且願意跟世界闡述和進行理性辯論。最新的narrative economics（敍述性經濟學）已證明很重要，中國更需學習運用敍述性政治，說服世界中國是代表和平、人性、正義和善良的！

我始終相信邪不能勝正！

中環資產投資行政總裁

TCM Treatments of COVID-19

Written in Chinese by Dr. Andy Lee, March 7, 2020 (http://andylee.pro/wp/?p=7660)

Translated to English by Dr. James Yeh, March 13, 2020

I published an essay “From SARS to Novel Coronavirus” in Chinese on January 21, 2020 (http://andylee.pro/wp/?p=7169). At that time, I tried to discuss possible Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) treatments of Novel Coronavirus based on my clinical experience of treating many severe cases of pneumonia caused by various influenza and other diseases. Since then, I have directly and indirectly participated in treating patients of Novel Coronavirus successfully, had discussions with many doctors fighting the epidemic at the front line and many researchers conducting related researches, and read many reports on this subject. Although the “Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia” has been renamed to “COVID-19” (coronavirus disease 2019) and the name of the virus has officially named from “2019-nCoV” to “SARS-CoV-2”, I now firmly believe that my original judgment, views, and interpretations are correct. For the sake of easiness for people to read and share, in this essay, I am reorganizing my previous discussions and including some explanations on certain confusions as well.

First, there are numerous provinces and cities in China using TCM to fight the “COVID-19” (I will use the term “Coronavirus” from now on.) No matter whether the treatments were primarily using TCM or the combination of TCM and the methods of Western medicine, there have been a significant amount of positive outcomes. On the other hand, the views of how to use TCM to treat and the use of corresponding herbal formulas vary quite a bit. Even when TCM remedies were effective, why did some patients fully recover and were discharged from the hospitals but other patients still could not get the virus-free “negative confirmation” from virus DNA tests?

Many TCM doctors participating in the treatments and discussions often look at the Coronavirus issue from a single “Point” or the condition of the patient at that specific moment. Some interpreted the disease as “Dampness” (濕), “Dryness” (燥), “Cold” (寒), or “Heat” (熱). (Translator’s note: These interpretations are often the opposite ends of the spectra, like Dampness is opposite to Dryness; and Cold is opposite to Heat.) From the clinical practice point of view, those treatments based on such conflicting interpretations all had positive effects to some degrees. Then, which interpretation is the “correct one”? In fact, those simple interpretations all have some merits but don’t fully cover the subject in hand. Although TCM is based on “Dialectical Treatment” (辯證論治), i.e. treatment is derived from “observation and diagnosis” of patients’ complex symptoms, the most important thing is that disease shouldn’t be viewed as an isolated problem at a specific time, but the whole development of symptoms along a timeline. Not only we need to observe and diagnose the current ailment but also we have to understand the development history of the disease and to project how the disease will develop in the future. For a single patient, we might be able to focus on the clinical results of this patient. But for epidemics, we have to look at a bigger picture and take into account how this Coronavirus develops health issues inside the human body from TCM’s perspective. And, in clinical treatments, we also need to consider many variants caused by each patient’s preconditions and one’s strength to fight off the disease.

From my experience of curing many patients who were inflicted with flu-induced pneumonia and complications, and the recent participation in treating and curing Coronavirus patients, it is proper to summarize that no matter whether the virus is Coronavirus, bird flu, swine flu, or the “common” flu, we found that the bodily deterioration caused by the virus, in general, follows the description from the TCM theory first covered in the ancient literature “Treatise on Cold Damage on Miscellaneous Disease ” (傷寒雜病論). However, the progressions of the disease from such special viruses are much faster, more severe, and/or more persistent than that of the common flu. Patients’ own original “health” condition also complicates the progression. (Translator’s note: For example, the infliction rate of young children is much smaller than that of adults for Coronavirus.)

As I explained before, the TCM theory discussed that for the common flu or “catching a cold”, the disease starts with “Exterior Deficiency or Weakness” (表虛). That is, the “exterior” of the body is invaded by the “External Pathogen” (外邪), like virus, and has adverse reactions. (Translator’s note: Here the exterior doesn’t mean just the outside surface of the body like the skin, but all the surfaces topologically exposed to the outside like lining of throat, nose, and bronchus of the body.) This is the first stage of the whole episode and often can be effectively treated with the herbal prescriptions such as “Gui Zhi Tang” (桂枝湯). If the patient is not properly treated, the body fluids within the surface and muscles could not function properly. It will cause the transition to the next stage “Exterior Excess” (表實). (Translator’s note: The word Excess has various meanings: excessive reactions all the way to neoplasm, excessive wasteful things, etc.) Viral infection at this stage is matched to one of the several syndromes named with the corresponding herbal remedies such as “Ge Geng Tang” (葛根湯), “Ma Huang Tang” (麻黃湯證), and others. The TCM theory calls this stage “Exterior Coldness” (表寒). In history, many TCM doctors considered this stage as the body being hurt by outside coldness (傷於寒) or in plain words “Catching Cold”. However, that is a misunderstanding. While outside coldness is one of the causes leading to the stage “Exterior Coldness”, it is not the only cause. When the body fluids could not function properly, the normal body fluids which had proper fluidity to circulate and to fulfill vital functions (活水) became a pot of “Dead Water” (死水), i.e. wasteful water which can’t fulfill vital functions. In other words, the ancient literature “Treatise on Cold Damage on Miscellaneous Disease” (傷寒雜病論) is much beyond the simple interpretation of how to treat the ailment caused by “cold damage”, but a classical literature of explaining both the physiology and pathology of human body functions.

Normally, the ailment or symptoms of the common flu would be limited at this stage of “Exterior Coldness”. Even without any treatment, the human body often could fight off the virus with an immune response and fully recover. But when the effects of Exterior Coldness started to penetrate into the interior of the body, the first common organs to be affected will be the organs that have a short path to the outside. (Translator’s note: Topologically, trachea and lung are only a membrane distance away from the outside air.) Then the Exterior Coldness gets transformed into the next stages such as “Interior Coldness” (裡寒) and “Lung Coldness” (肺寒). (Translator’s note: Here “Lung” means the whole respiratory system, not only the lung organ.) Clinically, the patients start to show symptoms of the syndrome named after its herbal remedy “Xiao Qing Long Tang” (小青龍湯). At this stage, the patients have serious coughing and running nose. When the respiratory system is “affected by the coldness”, the body fluid function of the respiratory system gets affected. Just like when the cooling system of a car malfunctions, the engine would overheat. The circulation function of the lung becomes “Dry and Overheated” (燥热). This would lead to the next stage of “Heated Interior” (入裡化熱) and often be matched to its herbal remedy “Da Qing Long Tang” (大青龍湯). At this stage, it does not mean that the whole lung is “dry and heated”. In fact, many pneumonia patients exhibit “mixed coldness and heat” (寒熱夾雜) in the lung. For example, while the upper part of the lung is “dry and heated”, the lower part of the lung might suffer excessive mucus of a high density. Pleural effusion and hydronephrosis might start to develop quickly.

Such a complex situation was extensively discussed in Chapter 7 of the ancient literature “Synopsis of Prescriptions of the Golden Chamber” (金匱要略肺痿肺癰咳嗽上氣病脈證治第七篇). At this complex stage, the illness development varies significantly among patients of different preconditions and other variants. It is no longer the situation that a simple herbal remedy can be applied to all the situations. The TCM theory illustrates various treatments by those herbal remedies such as “She Gan Ma Hung Tang” (射干麻黃湯), “Ting Li Da Zao Xie Fei Tang” (葶藶大棗瀉肺湯), ”Ze Qi Tang” (澤漆湯), “Xiao Qing Long Jia Shi Gao Tang” (小青龍加石膏湯), and others. It doesn’t mean that one of the herbal remedies should be selected to treat a patient directly. Instead, the TCM Theory used these herbal remedies to teach its practitioners how to “think” and create a proper herbal remedy based on the conditions of a specific patient.

For example, the Coronavirus has quite a puzzling situation that many Western medicine doctors haven’t yet fully understood. Some severely affected patients exhibited fibrosis of the lung like the SARS phenomenon. Other severely affected patients did not have SARS-like lung fibrosis but had massive liquid cumulated in the lung, which even “drown” some patients to death. From the TCM point of view, it is not strange at all. Fibrosis of the lung is the typical following stage of Heated Interior matching to “Da Qing Long Tang” (大青龍湯). It was named as “Lung Atrophy” (肺痿) in the TCM theory. And the situation that one suffers from massive dense liquid accumulation is matched to symptoms of severe development after the stages matched to “She Gan Ma Hung Tang”( 射干麻黃湯) , “Ting Li Da Zao Xie Fei Tang” (葶藶大棗瀉肺湯), and others as discussed earlier. The TCM theory called it “Lung Abscess” (肺癰). In the TCM theory, Lung Atrophy and Lung Abscess are two progression paths of this virus depending on which path develops faster or even simultaneously. From the past and current reports, SARS virus tilts toward the path of Lung Atrophy, while the Coronavirus tilts a little more toward Lung Abscess.

The above explained the progression of flu and other epidemic virus infections. Now you might understand how different TCM doctors had different views or treatment methods, but all of the treatments had some partially positive effects. If a TCM doctor’s diagnosis at one particular moment was slight hotness of the lung, some mild herbs to “clean up the heat” (清熱解毒輕劑), often used by the “Southern School” doctrine (溫病派), might relieve the patient’s symptoms. But if a TCM doctor’s diagnosis at a different point of the progression was massive mucus accumulation, heavy dosage of strong herbs, often used by the “Northern or Classic School” doctrine (經方派) might be needed to treat Lung Abscess (肺癰). That is why we saw some reports that the “Pneumonia Formula One” (肺炎一號) used in Guangzhou city, which was based on mild herbs to reducing the “heat”, had some positive effects in Guangzhou but not so effective in Shanghai. In Shanghai, many TCM doctors had to switch to stronger herbal ingredient often found in “Da Qing Long Tang” (大青龍湯) and “She Gan Ma Hung Tang”( 射干麻黃湯) as discussed earlier. This was due to different weather patterns and different patients, i.e. different progression paths described in the previous paragraphs. In other words, from the specific moment of the doctor’s diagnosis, both views were correct. But neither of them grasped the progression timeline of this severe illness.

Another point raised earlier was why did some patients fully recover while others did not? According to the information given by the doctors on the front line, there were so-called “Western medicine and TCM combined treatments” in which Western medicine drugs were continuously given to the patients and TCM herbs were used as supplements. When adding TCM herbs had a positive effect and made a speedier recovery, it was all goodness. But when adding TCM herbs did not have positive results, then what? According to the doctors on the front line, the medical team did not really think through the stages of disease progression as discussed earlier and switch to different TCM remedies, but only increased the dosage of Western medicine drugs such as Interferon (干擾素), Chloroquine phosphate (磷酸氯喹) used to treat malaria (抗瘧疾藥物), Arbidol (阿比多爾) used to treat influenza (抗流感藥物), and others. Heavy dosages of such drugs had severe side effects and sequelae. In those “combined” treatments, the medical teams didn’t have enough TCM expertise to make sound decisions on herbal remedies. Instead, they simply used TCM herbs as “extra help”.

How about treatments primarily with TCM remedies? The chief Western medicine expert who leads the fight against the Coronavirus, Dr. Nanshan Zhong, admitted under political pressure that TCM was useful against light or even medium threat situations of Coronavirus but insisted that TCM could not cure severe cases. His statement was based on his belief that there is no ingredient in TCM herbs that could kill Coronavirus. I am sorry to say that Dr. Zhong is incorrect in this aspect. With solid patient cases as proof, TCM can actually cure severe cases of Coronavirus infection and other flu-related infections. When it did not, it is the particular TCM doctors who had not mastered the whole theory and methodology of TCM. But one thing that Dr. Zhong said correctly was that no ingredient in TCM herbs can “kill” the virus. However, the TCM treatment isn’t based on the ability to kill the virus. (Translator’s note: Western medicine drugs could not kill the virus either.) Many people still have the level of limited understanding that TCM can only improve the immunization ability or some herbs such as the root of Isatis tinctoria (板藍根) has some natural antibiotic chemicals. Such understanding is unfortunately poor and very limited. Although modern medical science still could not fully comprehend TCM theory and its clinical outcome, against Coronavirus, the better explanation is that TCM remedies can “improve the internal environment of the human body”. (Translator’s note: So that the patient would not fall into the adverse conditions that the organs fail to function.) In plain words, when the virus causes more mucus, TCM remedies reduce the mucus. When the virus causes fibrosis, TCM remedies reduce the “heat level” of the lung. TCM remedies tend to push the body and organs back to the original healthy states. Once the environment is unfriendly for the virus to keep replicating, the patients will have higher chances to eradicate the virus by themselves and recover. One can probably say that this explanation and method is similar to the idea of using Western medicine Interferon but without severe side effects. That is, TCM can cure not because it has the ability to “kill” virus by some ingredients but to help to restore patients’ “internal environment” to healthier conditions that prevent the virus from replicating quickly. (Translator’s note: If one buys the same argument made by Dr. Zhong that a medication needs to have ingredients to kill the Coronavirus, then all the medications used today would not qualify. Then do we give up? In fact, why TCM was not selected to treat severe cases was because those stronger and less commonly used herbs were not applied properly or the TCM doctors at hand had less confidence for doing so. )

Now, we can go back to discuss how clinically TCM can treat and cure Coronavirus patients. For light to mild cases, most of the different TCM treatment methodologies could help. For medium to severe cases, as I discussed in my previous essay, we need to utilize the strength of certain herbs:

- Sheng Shi Gao (Gypsum, 生石膏): To reduce heat inside the lung (清肺熱) and enhance the liquid circulation in the respiratory system (加強肺津液運作)

- She Gan (Belamcanda chinensis, 射干)、Zi Wan (Aster tataricus, 紫菀) 、Kuan Dong Hua (Tussilago farfara flower, 款冬花)、Sheng Ban Xia (Pinellia ternate, 生半夏)、Ting Li (Sisymbrium indicum, 葶藶)、Da Ji (Euphorbia pekinensis Rupr., 大戟), etc.: To reduce accumulation of excessive mucus and wasteful fluids inside the respiratory system (去肺下方濃稠痰飲、肺積水、胸腔積液等)

- Ma Huang (Ephedra sinica Stapf., 麻黃), etc.: To enhance the lung function (宣肺、發陽)

- Mai Men Dong (Ophiopogon japonicas, 麥門冬)、Xing Ren (Prunus armeniaca, 杏仁): To moisturize the lung (潤肺)

That is, we need to combine the theory and targeted responses of the various herbal remedies such as “Da Qing Long Tang” (大青龍湯), “She Gan Ma Hung Tang” (射干麻黃湯) , “Ting Li Da Zao Xie Fei Tang” (葶藶大棗瀉肺湯), ”Ze Qi Tang” (澤漆湯)“, etc. as discussed earlier, and properly adjust the dosages and ratios of ingredients to fit the requirements of individual patients based on their conditions. In addition, if the patients have other ailments, those conditions need to be taken into account also, such as:

- For “Coldness and Wetness of the Middle and Lower Abdomen“ (中下焦寒濕) or “Deficient Kidney Function” (腎陽不足): Add Bao Fu Zi (processed Aconitum carmichaelii Debx root, 炮附子)、Xi Xin (Asarum sieboldii, 細辛), etc.

- When the liver function is weak or damaged by heavy dosages of Western medicine drugs such as interferon: Add Chai Hu (Bupleuri Radix, 柴胡)、Huang Qin (Scutellaria baicalnsis Geprgi root, 黃芩), etc.

There is no question that it is very challenging to fight off the Coronavirus. The clinical treatments will seriously test TCM doctors’ thorough understanding of TCM and their ability and courage to call the right shots under a great amount of pressure. On the other hand, it is also a good time to prove that TCM can be effectively used to fight various viruses in a superb and speedy fashion with little sequelae and at a much lower cost.

For fighting such a new and aggressive virus epidemic, there is no single TCM herbal formula that can treat all situations. One must have deep knowledge of the stages of the disease, along with close examinations on patients’ preconditions, so one can use the most effective prescription to intercept and turn the symptoms around. On the other hand, many provinces and cities in China provided TCM guidelines on Coronavirus treatments and pre-fixed herbal formulas to address people’s demands on a herbal remedy for “common usage”. Among them, I found the current recommendation from the Chinese National TCM Administration the most appropriate for a good percentage of Coronavirus patients. The herbal remedy was recently named as “Qing Fei Pai Du Tang” (清肺排毒湯), which could probably be translated to “clean up the lung and get rid of the toxic”. In line with the discussion above, this specific herbal formula includes Ma Huang (Ephedra sinica Stapf., 麻黃), Zhi Gan Cao (processed Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch., 炙甘草)、Xing Ren (Prunus armeniaca, 杏仁)、Sheng Shi Gao (Gypsum, 生石膏)、Gui Zhi (Ramulus Cinnamom, 桂枝)、Ze Xie (Alisma orientalis, 澤瀉)、Zhu Ling (Polyporus umbellatus, 豬苓)、Bai Zhu (Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz., 白朮)、Fu Ling (Poria, 茯苓)、Chai Hu (Bupleuri Radix, 柴胡)、Huang Qin (Scutellaria baicalnsis Geprgi root, 黃芩)、Jiang Ban Xia (Pinellia ternate, 薑半夏)、Sheng Jiang (Ginger, 生薑)、Zi Wan (Aster tataricus, 紫菀)、Kuan Dong Hua (Tussilago farfara flower, 款冬花)、She Gan (Belamcanda chinensis, 射干)、Xi Xin (Asarum sieboldii, 細辛)、Shan Yao (Dioscorea oppositifolia, 山药)、Zhi Shi (Citrus aurantium, 枳實)、Chen Pi (Citrus reticulata Blanco, 陳皮)、and Huo Xiang (Pogostemon cabin, 藿香). Since such an herbal remedy was designed for “common usage”, it has to consider all degrees of disease severity. Therefore, the dosages can’t be too heavy, as the majority of the patient cases are light to mild. As the result, “Da Qing Long Tang” (大青龍湯) discussed earlier became a lighter herbal formula named as “Ma Xing Gan Shi Tang” (麻杏甘石湯). The stronger herbal ingredients such as Ting Li (Sisymbrium indicum, 葶藶) and Da Ji (Euphorbia pekinensis Rupr., 大戟) to treat pleural effusion and hydronephrosis are not included. Hence, for severe cases, the herbal remedy from the Chinese National TCM Administration needs to be enhanced with additional ingredients and larger dosages.

In summary, as long as the TCM doctors have sufficient knowledge and clinical experience, by applying the proper methodology, TCM alone is capable of dealing with severe Coronavirus infections. (Translator’s note: There is much to do to develop a comprehensive diagnostic and treatment methodology which can help many TCM doctors to pinpoint the patient’s condition and stages of the infection to make the proper decision, especially when fully qualified TCM doctors are of short supply.) At this moment, there is no “special drug” in Western medicine to cure Coronavirus, but to resort to cortisone, antibiotics, interferon, anti-malaria, anti-flu drugs to maintain the lives of patients and passively wait and hope that the patients’ bodies can find their own way to turn the situation around. Even then, the Western medicine drugs mentioned above all potentially have significant side effects and sequelae. Patients with severe cases might be able to get out of the deathbed but most likely live with some permanent damages to the body. Dr. Zhong, China’s chief Western medicine expert on the Coronavirus epidemic, also warned that the current path of developing the “special drug” would most likely lead to severe sequelae to the patients. Given that is the case, why don’t we put much more effort to fully develop the TCM treatment of viral infection, not just for Coronavirus but also for future viruses which will bound to happen in the future?

(Translator’s note: As China is getting good control of the virus spread and gradually recovers from this epidemic, the knowledge learned will be invaluable to the rest of the world. Europe and the United States are on the exponential rise of new cases as of the writing on 3/14/2020. Various models predict that in the US alone Coronavirus infections can reach millions, as discussed in the Opinion Column of New York Times, “How Much Worse the Coronavirus Could Get, in Charts” by Nicholas Kristof and Stuart A. Thompson, March 13, 2020. China should continue to put efforts to develop TCM diagnostic and treatment methodology so that millions of people in the rest of the world can be helped and saved. TCM is not just for science, it is for humanity.)

（http://andylee.pro/wp/?p=7729）
#當張仲景遇上史丹佛

感謝筠昕，提供了一個俐媽一輩子也不可能涉足的大餐—「數學專有名詞」🔢🆙
除了圖片中的老師，台大補習班•李傑數學還有很多很專業、十分願意為學生付出的老師，請大家多多支持哦🙏🏼
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➕➖昕姊+俐媽英文教室✖️➗
1️⃣ 數與式
1.有理數 rational number
2.封閉性 closure property
3.算幾不等式 Arithmetic and Geometric Mean Inequality
2️⃣ 多項式
1.除法原理 Division Principle
2.餘式定理 Remainder Thm
3.因式定理 Factor Thm
4.牛頓定理 Newton Rational Root Thm
5.插值多項式 Interpolation Polynomial
6.標準式 standard form
7.共軛複數 conjugate complex number
8.一元二次方程式 quadratic equation
9.根與係數(韋達定理) Vi`ete Thm
10.虛根定理 Complex Conjugate Root Thm
11.勘根定理 Intermediate Value Thm
12.二次函數 quadratic function
13.奇函數 odd function 偶函數 even function
14.分式不等式 fractional inequality
3️⃣ 指數對數
1.指數律 law of exponent
2.指數函數 exponential function
3.凹凸性 concavity
4.對數律 law of logarithm
5.對數函數 logarithmic function
6.真數 antilogarithm
7.尾數 mantissa
8.首數 characteristic
9.線性內插 linear interpolation
10.單利 simple interest 複利 compound interest
4️⃣ 數列級數
1.等差(A.P) Arithmetic Progression Sequence
2.等比(G.P) geometric progression or geometric sequence /geometric series
3.遞迴 recursion
4.數學歸納法 Mathematical Induction
5️⃣ 排列組合
1.樹狀圖 tree diagram
2.加法原理 addition principle
3.乘法原理 multiplication principle
4.取捨原理 inclusion and exclusion principle
5.直線排列 permutation
6.組合 combination
7.二項式定理 Binomial Theorem
6️⃣ 機率與數據分析
1.古典機率 classic probability
2.統計機率 statistic probability
3.條件機率 conditional probability
4.貝氏定理 Bayes Theorem
5.獨立事件 independent event
6.標準差 Standard Deviation
7.眾數 Mode
8.中位數 Median
9.平均數 Mean
10.線性變換 Linear Transfer
11.數據標準化 standardization
12.相關 linear correlation
13.散布圖 scatter plot
14.相關係數 correlation coefficient
15.迴歸直線 regression line
7️⃣ 三角函數trigonometric function
1.斜邊 hypotenuse
2.對邊 opposite side
3.臨邊 adjacent side
4.始邊 initial side
5.終邊 terminal side
6.同界角 coterminal angle
7.廣義角 generalized angle
8.極座標 Polar coordinates
9.正弦定律 Law of Sine
10.餘弦定律 Law of Cosine
11.和角公式 angle addition formula
謝謝筠昕，其他數學達人請接棒🏹
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#辣媽英文天后林俐carol #俐媽英文教室 #俐媽英文教室徵稿中 #mathematics #jackmath #李傑數學 #品質保證

HKDSE Mathematics 數學天書 訂購表格及方法︰https://www.sites.google.com/view/HermanYeung
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DSE 數學 Core 天書 A 第1堂 (共2小時45分鐘) https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8p2A7HMhwz4udhLJTQt9p2b
DSE 數學 Core 天書 A 第2堂 (共2小時8分鐘) https://youtu.be/SGeMFO9tips?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8p2A7HMhwz4udhLJTQt9p2b
DSE 數學 Core 天書 A 第3堂 (共2小時4分鐘) https://youtu.be/-z_sjshGWEs?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8p2A7HMhwz4udhLJTQt9p2b
DSE 數學 Core 天書 A 第4堂 (共3小時17分鐘) https://youtu.be/1yWKUMSE5fU?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8p2A7HMhwz4udhLJTQt9p2b
Past Paper Demo (太多，無法估計) https://youtu.be/41cdF_BqxME?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8p2A7HMhwz4udhLJTQt9p2b
舊制 HKCEE Maths Past Paper Solution (All) https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8qthFpSv8ZLVajrHM_9TvZx
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Past Paper (香港公共圖書館): https://mmis.hkpl.gov.hk/web/guest/hkcee-and-hkale-papers-collection
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DSE 數學 Core 天書 A 的內容:
1 -- Number system 數系
2 -- Estimation and Error 估算及誤差
3 -- Quadratic Equation 二次方程
4 -- Function and Graph 函數及圖像
5 -- Exponential (Index) and Logarithm 指數及對數
6 -- More about Graphs 進階圖像
7 -- Numeral systems 進制系統
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訂購表格及方法︰https://www.sites.google.com/view/HermanYeung
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Herman Yeung HKDSE Maths 數學 Core 課程：
超過 100 小時 YouTube 免費課程
共 12 本天書完成整個 HKDSE 數學 Core
(中一至中六) 要考的所有課題，
適合任何考 HKDSE 的同學上課 (中四至中六都合適)

(p.s. Herman Yeung 所有天書，中英對照)
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HKDSE Mathematics 數學天書 訂購表格及方法︰https://www.sites.google.com/view/HermanYeung
課程簡介︰ https://youtu.be/KKTtzLkpyO8
(e-Book) DSE Maths 數學 Past Paper Solution︰ https://hermanutube.blogspot.com/2021/05/hkdse-maths-10-past-paper-solution-2021.html
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DSE 數學 Core 天書 A 第1堂 (共2小時45分鐘) https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8p2A7HMhwz4udhLJTQt9p2b
DSE 數學 Core 天書 A 第2堂 (共2小時8分鐘) https://youtu.be/SGeMFO9tips?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8p2A7HMhwz4udhLJTQt9p2b
DSE 數學 Core 天書 A 第3堂 (共2小時4分鐘) https://youtu.be/-z_sjshGWEs?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8p2A7HMhwz4udhLJTQt9p2b
DSE 數學 Core 天書 A 第4堂 (共3小時17分鐘) https://youtu.be/1yWKUMSE5fU?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8p2A7HMhwz4udhLJTQt9p2b
Past Paper Demo (太多，無法估計) https://youtu.be/41cdF_BqxME?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8p2A7HMhwz4udhLJTQt9p2b
HKDSE Maths (Core) Past Paper Solution (All) https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8qUwsow09TJIjFcaTCdmnSB
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DSE 數學 Core 天書 A 的內容:
1 -- Number system 數系
2 -- Estimation and Error 估算及誤差
3 -- Quadratic Equation 二次方程
4 -- Function and Graph 函數及圖像
5 -- Exponential (Index) and Logarithm 指數及對數
6 -- More about Graphs 進階圖像
7 -- Numeral systems 進制系統
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DSE 數學 Core 各天書 的內容︰ https://www.sites.google.com/view/hermanyeung/bookcontent
訂購表格及方法︰https://www.sites.google.com/view/HermanYeung
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Herman Yeung HKDSE Maths 數學 Core 課程：
超過 100 小時 YouTube 免費課程
共 12 本天書完成整個 HKDSE 數學 Core
(中一至中六) 要考的所有課題，
適合任何考 HKDSE 的同學上課 (中四至中六都合適)

(p.s. Herman Yeung 所有天書，中英對照)
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HKDSE Mathematics 數學天書 訂購表格及方法︰https://www.sites.google.com/view/HermanYeung
課程簡介︰ https://youtu.be/KKTtzLkpyO8
(e-Book) DSE Maths 數學 Past Paper Solution︰ https://hermanutube.blogspot.com/2021/05/hkdse-maths-10-past-paper-solution-2021.html
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DSE 數學 Core 天書 A 第1堂 (共2小時45分鐘) https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8p2A7HMhwz4udhLJTQt9p2b
DSE 數學 Core 天書 A 第2堂 (共2小時8分鐘) https://youtu.be/SGeMFO9tips?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8p2A7HMhwz4udhLJTQt9p2b
DSE 數學 Core 天書 A 第3堂 (共2小時4分鐘) https://youtu.be/-z_sjshGWEs?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8p2A7HMhwz4udhLJTQt9p2b
DSE 數學 Core 天書 A 第4堂 (共3小時17分鐘) https://youtu.be/1yWKUMSE5fU?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8p2A7HMhwz4udhLJTQt9p2b
Past Paper Demo (太多，無法估計) https://youtu.be/41cdF_BqxME?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8p2A7HMhwz4udhLJTQt9p2b
HKDSE Maths (Core) Past Paper Solution (All) https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8qUwsow09TJIjFcaTCdmnSB
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DSE 數學 Core 天書 A 的內容:
1 -- Number system 數系
2 -- Estimation and Error 估算及誤差
3 -- Quadratic Equation 二次方程
4 -- Function and Graph 函數及圖像
5 -- Exponential (Index) and Logarithm 指數及對數
6 -- More about Graphs 進階圖像
7 -- Numeral systems 進制系統
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DSE 數學 Core 各天書 的內容︰ https://www.sites.google.com/view/hermanyeung/bookcontent
訂購表格及方法︰https://www.sites.google.com/view/HermanYeung
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Herman Yeung HKDSE Maths 數學 Core 課程：
超過 100 小時 YouTube 免費課程
共 12 本天書完成整個 HKDSE 數學 Core
(中一至中六) 要考的所有課題，
適合任何考 HKDSE 的同學上課 (中四至中六都合適)

(p.s. Herman Yeung 所有天書，中英對照)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Please subscribe 請訂閱︰ https://www.youtube.com/hermanyeung?sub_confirmation=1
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Blogger︰ https://hermanutube.blogspot.hk/2016/02/herman-yeung-main-menu.html
Facebook︰ https://www.facebook.com/hy.page
YouTube︰ https://www.youtube.com/HermanYeung
Instagram︰ https://www.instagram.com/hermanyeung_hy
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