[What Does Religions Say About Alcohol]
Alcohol is a type of drink with alcoholic substance that is able to make an individual drunk. Even if it can only affect the individual in a large quantity, drinking it in a lesser quantity is still considered as alcohol as it has the criteria of an alcoholic beverage.
The history of alcohol invention is lengthy, referring to an article by National Geographic: The Birth of Booze, proofs that earliest trace of alcohol was found at Jiahu, China. Among the ingredients used to make an alcoholic beverage are corn, barley, rice, wheat flour, grapes, sugarcane and many more.
Religion and Alcohol
Religion came to guide human being with the laws by the Creator (Allah) in order that human being will not cause destruction to this world. Alcohol is the mother of immoral behavior, the mind of a drunken individual will not function rationally and his action will be beyond his control. In fact, the majority of religions forbid the consumption of alcohol. Previously, Islam in the only religion that famously known for its prohibition of alcohol, however it is to note that other religion also prohibits it:
Islam
In Islam, the number of verses concerning the prohibition of alcohol are lesser than other religions such as in the Bible and Hindu scriptures. Even so, as Muslim means someone whom submits to the command of Allah hence the amount of verses is not the main focus instead it is the command in the scripture that takes into account. That is the reason why Muslims are more sensitive when it comes to alcohol. Below are verses in the Holy Quran that mentions the prohibition of alcohol.
a) Al-Ma’idah 5:90,
b) Al-Baqarah 2:219,
c) An-Nahl 16:97
Hinduism
Verses that prohibits the consumption of alcohol:
a) Rigveda book 8 hymn 2 verse 12,
b) Rigveda book 8 hymn 21 verse 14,
c) Athravaveda 6: 70: 1,
d) Manusmriti Scripture 7: 47-50,
e) Manusmriti: 11: 55,
f) Manusmriti 11: 91.
g) In the Manusmriti Scripture 9:225, the selling of alcohol is also forbidden.
In Hinduism, Soma and Sura drink are differentiated. Soma is a fermented juice drink used in religion ritual (Vedic Times) and it is said to be an alcoholic beverage that is mentioned numerous times in Veda (Rig Veda 1:116:7, 8:2:12, 10:131:4-5) however, the ingredient for this beverage is already extinct and cannot be made today. There are opinions that it is made from milk or a climbing plant which thrives in mountain areas. (Mark Cartwright: Ancient History Encyclopedia: Soma: 2016).
While Sura is a form of liquor, same as other kinds of alcoholic beverage available in this era. According to Madhavi Bhaskar Kokhatkar in his journal “Review: Surā, The Liquor and The Vedic Sacrifice”, it stated that Sura or this liquor is forbidden in Hinduism.
Even though Veda allows the consumption of Soma, at the same time it forbids the consumption of alcoholic beverage (Sura):
“Weak minds are attracted towards meat, alcohol, sensuality and womanizing. But O non-violent mind, you focus your mind towards the world in same manner as a mother cares for her child.” (Athravaveda: 6: 70: 1)
One becomes sinful if he or she crosses even one of the 7 restraints. Yaskacharya defines these 7 sins in his Nirukta as: Theft, Adultery, Murder of a noble person, Abortion, Dishonesty, Repeating misdeeds and consumption of alcohol. (Rigveda 10:5:6)
This shows that drinking alcoholic beverage is forbidden and there are many verses in the Manusmriti scripture that prohibit the consumption of Sura.
“Killing a Brahmana, drinking (the spirituous liquor called) Sura, stealing (the gold of a Brahmana), adultery with a Guru's wife, and associating with such (fenders), they declare (to be) mortal sins (mahapataka).” (Manusmriti: 11: 55)
“A twice-born man who has (intentionally) drunk, through delusion of mind, (the spirituous liquor called) Sura shall drink that liquor boiling hot; when his body has been completely scalded by that, he is freed from his guilt.” (Manusmriti 11: 91)
In fact, on early April 2016 it did not become an issue when the Chief Minister of Bihar state, Nitish Kumar prohibits alcohol in the state with the majority is Hindu.
Buddhism
According to Buddha teachings of Pencasila (Five Precepts), the last precepts states that one must avoid intoxicating beverage. In the Pali language “Suramerayamajja pamadatthana veramani sikkhapadam samadiyami” translated as abstaining oneself from drinking intoxicating beverage.
Even a Buddhist Monk by the name of Master Hsing Yun in his book, The Five Precepts states it is still forbidden to consume even a little of alcohol. Same goes to other Buddhist monk and scholars:
“The Vibhanga states that even as little as a drop the size of a dewdrop on the tip of a balde of grass is enough to constitute a violation. So, having even small glass of wine, even if it does not make one drunk, is a transgression.” (Veberable Fa Xun: One Life Five Precepts: 2011: page 73)
“It it known that intoxicants even in small amounts can make one less sensitive, heedless and easily swayed by the defilements. As one starts to enjoy getting high on intoxicants, the effect becomes addictive and usage increases.” (Chan Khoon San, Introductory Course in Buddhism: 2002 page 89)
Judaism
In the Old Testament, there are many verses on the prohibition of alcohol:
a) Leviticus 10:9,
b) Numbers 6:3,
c) Deuteronomy 29:6,
d) Judges 13: 4,
e) Judges 14: 1,
f) Samuel 1: 15,
h) Proverbs 20: 1, 31: 4-6,
g) Isaiah 5: 11, 22: 24: 9, 28: 9,
h) Micah 2: 11
Christianity
Prohibition of alcohol is as stated in the Old Testament while in the New Testament Luke 1:15 and Ephesians 5: 18.
Sikhism
In Sikhism scripture, Guru Granth Sahib Ji compilation of Guru Gobing Singh, there is prohibition of alcohol consumption:
“Drinking the wine, his intelligence departs, and madness enters his mind.” (Sri Guru Granth Sahib: Page 554)
In Sikhism, there are 5 basic prohibitions;
1) Cutting ones hair
2) Bad behavior
3) Smoking
4) Eating meat killed in a ritualistic manner
5) Alcohol consumption
Alcohol in Religious Practices
Alcohol is used in religious practices of some Animism religion and spirit worshipers. This is also the same for some of the biggest cult in Africa and the African American community such as Candomble, Kumina, Voodoo, Umbanda, Quimbanda, Santeria and many others.
Besides that, alcohol is also used as part of religious ritual in some Christian’s teachings. For example Black Christ uses alcohol due to the syncretism people practice (animism) adding on with the teachings of Christianity by Christian missionaries so that there is alcohol in religion.
Apart from that, the consumption of alcohol in Christianity is due to misinterpretation of the texts from the Bible. Even though there are prohibitions in the Bible, the justification given is that alcohol can be consumed as long as one refrains from getting drunk. There is also commentary that the verses were revealed in the ancient times and the situation is not the same as today.
Besides that, another interpretation is the prohibition is specifically for the Jews hence the Gentiles is allowed to consume alcohol. There are even more misinterpretations made towards the verses.
That is one of the main factors resulting in the corruption of religion. Syncretism from other beliefs mixed with religious practices between one religion and another, also the misinterpretation of liberals that deviate from the original text.
Summary
The majority of religion prohibits alcohol. Even logically, human beings will refuse the harming effects of alcohol consumption. If the benefits and detrimental effects of alcohol were to be compared, indefinitely the detrimental effects are greater. In fact, due to alcohol consumption an individual can easily engaged in crime as the mind is in an unstable condition. Due to the same reason also, there are laws made worldwide on driving under the influence of alcohol. A human being with a sane mind will surely refrain from alcohol consumption, specifically because it is the command of Allah and also because of the harmful effects. A story taken from the Buddhist Monk, Master Hsing Yun in his book The Five Precepts:
“There once was a man who wanted to “just have a little drink,” but he did not have a dish of food to go with it. Seeing that his next-door neighbour was raising an old hen that was cackling away, he stole the hen and killed it to make a dish to eat while he drank his liquor. Thus he had broken the precepts against killing and stealing in one fell swoop. When the lady of the house next door came home and asked about her hen, the man told her that he had not seen it, thereby breaking the precept against lying. By now the man was a bit drunk, and seeing how beautiful the woman was, he started flirting with her and touching her in an indecent manner. Consequently, he also broke the precept against sexual misconduct. It was because of consuming intoxicants that all five precepts were broken in one stroke.”
Just a little drink drove a human being into violating the laws and tenets, hence alcohol can be describe as mother of all evil. As stated in a Hadith الخمر أم الخبائث “Alcohol is the mother of all evil” (Silasat al-Hadith as-Sahiha no:1854).
Allah knows best.
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連假三天,我想,多數的孩子都有接到一個指令:
回家先把作業寫完,這樣就能儘情的玩。
我自己也是常把這句話掛在嘴裡,目的不外乎要孩子養成負責,把自己工作按時完成的好習慣。
對啦,讓孩子習慣回家就寫功課,上了國中,回家就讀書,好像這世界上,除了讀書、寫字、算數學就沒有其他更適合童年的事了。
恰好在網上找到這個有趣的標題,看看美國孩子的暑假作業是──
1.Play outside 出去玩
2.Go to summer school 參加暑期學校
3.Go campling 去野營
4.Go swimming 去游泳
5.Do gymnastics 做體育運動
6.Play baseball 打棒球
7.Go to the beach 去海邊
8.Go fishing 去釣魚
9.Go to the library 去圖書館
10.Go on a trip 去旅行
11.Play soccer 踢足球
12.Do karate 玩空手道
13.Blow bubbles 吹泡泡
14.Visit people 拜訪別人
15.Watch a movie 看場電影
16.Bake cookies 烤餅乾---我喜歡這一點
17.Go to the farm 去農場
18.Play tennis 打網球
19.Go bowling 打保齡球
20.Go out to dinner 出去吃晚飯
21.Go the arcade 去遊樂場
22.Take a walk 散散步
23.Go to the fair 去集市
24.Go shopping 去購物
25.Watch TV 看電視
26.Play with a friend 跟朋友玩
27.Play football 玩橄欖球
28.Go to a park 去公園玩
29.Go to a theater 去看電影
30.Play racketball 打壁球
31.Go on a vacation 去度假
32.Play hopscotch 玩跳房子
33.Sleep late 睡個懶覺
34.Go to discovery zone 去探索基地
35.Play on a playground 去操場玩
36.Go to Fiesta Texas 去德州Fiesta
37.Go roller skating 去輪滑
38.Go ice skating 去溜冰
39.Go to a water park 去水上樂園
40.Play video games 打電子遊戲
41.Go to CHUCK-E-CHEESE 去CHUCK-E-CHESE 吃頓
42.Jump rope 跳繩
43.Have a party 開個晚會
44.Go sailing 去遠航
45.Read a book 讀書
46.Go to the zoo 去動物園
47.Play hide-and-seek 玩捉迷藏
48.Go to a friend's house 去朋友家玩
49.Fly a kite 放風箏
50.Ride your bike 騎自行車
51.Go to your grandparent's home 去爺爺奶奶外公外婆家玩
52.Do your chores with a smile 帶著微笑做家務
53.Eat ice cream 吃霜淇淋
54.Take a nap 睡午覺
55.Draw 畫畫
56.Plant something 種植點什麼
57.Write a letter 寫封信
58.Play with your pet 和寵物玩
59.Color 塗色
60.Make a cake 做蛋糕
61.Order a pizza 點個披薩
62.Go to Mcdonald9;s 去麥當勞
63.Have a picnic 去野餐
64.Play checkers 下國際跳棋
65.Play bingo 玩bingo遊戲
66.Help your parents 幫助爸爸媽媽
67.Go to the mall 去逛商場
68.Have a slumber party 開個睡衣晚會
69.Play cards 打牌
70.Clean your room 打掃房間
71.Play "I spy" 玩“i spy”的遊戲
72.Listen to music 聽音樂
73.Call a friend 給朋友打電話
74.Go to SPACE CENTER HOUSTON 去休士頓太空中心
75.Jog 慢跑
76.Make a banana split 做個香蕉霜淇淋聖代
77.Paint 塗顏料
78.Cook something 燒點什麼菜
79.Read the comics 看連環畫
80.Write in your journal 寫日記
81.Play in the water sprinkler 跟灑水機玩--在台灣大概會被罵吧?
82.Play volleyball 打排球
83.Make an art project 做個藝術品
84.Play musical chairs 玩音樂椅的遊戲
85.Write a poem 寫首詩
86.Play with clay or play dough 玩彩泥
87.Write a book 寫本書
88.Play basketball 打籃球
89.Play with your brother or sister 和哥哥姐姐玩
90.Play with your cousins 和表兄妹玩
91.Watch birds 觀察小鳥
92.Pick flowers 采花
93.Put a puzzle together 玩拼圖
94.Catch butterflies or bugs 抓蝴蝶或者蟲子
95.Make a paper airplane 做紙飛機
96.Wash the car 洗車
97.Climb a tree 爬樹
98.Sing a song 唱歌
99.Call your grandparents 給爺爺奶奶外公外婆打電話
100.Have fun!!!玩得開心!!!!
第一百點是總結,就是玩得開心。
長假三天,或許我們改變不了大環境,但挑幾點讓小朋友當指定作業,如何?
當然,如果你有新的妙點子,就寫在留言版上,供大家參考,更棒了。
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