【一連七集,第五】哈佛知識分享: Trade-offs 如何「取捨」?
你要取得更多,就要捨棄更多。「取捨」is tough, but you have to do it!
股神巴菲特 Warren Buffett 有句名言好影響我:
"The difference between successful people and really successful people is that really successful people say no to almost everything.‘’
成功及非常成功嘅人分別就係非常成功嘅人對絕大部分事情都係 say No.
識我嘅朋友都知道,我經常講:「我乜都唔識、乜都唔買! 我只買幾千萬以下香港嘅街舖。 我唔買樓、唔買工廈、唔買商廈、唔買農地、唔買車位/骨灰龕位、唔買大灣區、英國樓、非洲農地、 火星月球。 全部都唔買,送畀我都唔要。Again … 我只買港幣五六千萬以下香港的街舖仔。 香港有十萬間,買十世我都買唔晒! 呢世我只想買一千間。」
哈佛大學教授 Michael Porter 亦講過: “Strategy is making trade-offs in competing. The essence of strategy is choosing what not to do."
策略就係要以「取捨」去競爭。 策略嘅精髓就係要知道唔做乜!
上一集講過,何謂一個好嘅策略 Good Strategy? 教授 Michael Porter 話要經得起五個 Tests:
A distinctive value proposition 獨特的價值主張
A tailored value chain 度身訂造的企業價值鏈
Trade-offs different from rivals 同競爭對手不同的「取捨」
Fit across value chain 成條企業價值鏈的活動要配合
Continuity over time 持續性、持續性,不能一時一樣
今集同你講第(3) Trade-offs different from rivals 要贏,就要有同競爭對手不同的「取捨」。
What are trade-offs?
"Trade-offs are the strategic equivalent of a fork in the road. If you take one path, you cannot simultaneously take the other." by Michael Porter
「取捨就好似去咗一個交叉路口咁, 你只可以二選其一,唔可以兩條路都行晒。」
做生意,唔係多啲,就好啲。 多啲產品、 多啲服務、多啲客戶, 唔代表你就係好啲。 因為你營業額可能多咗三成, 但利潤反而可能無咗一半。 咁我就情願營業額細啲,利潤多一倍好過。 記住一開始嘅時候我話 Michael Porter 講過:
"Competition is not about being the BEST, not about MARKET SHARE. Competition is about being UNIQUE, about earning PROFITS" by Michael Porter
競爭唔係要做到最好,最大嘅市佔率。競爭係要做到最獨特,同埋賺到錢,長遠地賺錢。
幾年前我講過,香港週街都係髮廊,但點解有間特別唔同?
video …
QB House (Quick Barber) 就係做咗好多「取捨」 trade-offs , 好多嘢唔做,但反而吸引咗一班想「快、靚、正」 ,但又唔想求求其其、 污糟邋遢剪個頭髮嘅繁忙上班一族, most likely 男士們、三四五十歲左近。10 minutes, just cut!
QB House 專注培訓、建立系統,令呢班目標顧客群由原本一兩三個月先剪個頭髮,而家一兩三個星期就去剪轉一轉。 剪快咗、剪多咗,就令QB House 同佢嘅髮型師雖然做少咗嘢,但反而收入及利潤上升。This is what I call "trade-offs", LESS IS MORE!
就係因為 QB House 嘅 Trades-offs 同一般髮廊嘅競爭對手唔同,當初首創新嘅經營模式係日本做到最獨特, 亦都解釋咗點解佢1996年由東京一間開始, 短短幾年間就能夠開到全球幾百間分店,2018年仲係東京証交所主板上市, 依家市值近20億港幣。 雖然有好多人想抄佢,QB House 嘅專注,佢 make 嘅 trade-offs 至今依然令佢每年生意額都上升,到今日都保持住係「速剪」行業嘅領導地位。
我成日都話,「當你乜都做,等如你乜都唔做!」 …. 因為你無樣嘢做得好、無樣嘢做得專。When you please everybody, you please nobody. 做生意要「取捨」,唔放手,唔會得到更多。
可能你會覺得 Just-Cut, QB House 都做咗啦。 做髮廊仲可以點變? 根據 Michael Porter,大把方法變。 最緊要就係,唔係人做你做。Your trade-offs have to be different from your rivals, then you have a strategy.
你嘅「取捨」要同你競爭對手唔同,咁你就有好策略。人哋 Just-Cut, 咁你可唔可以 Just Perm 電髮? Just Color 染髮? Just Blow Dry 吹頭?
唉! Just Blow Dry? 美國加州有間咁嘅髮廊 …
佢就好似係 QB House 嘅翻版,但係 No Cuts No Color, Just Blowouts. 齋吹頭! 美金$40,45分鐘時間,班目標顧客群,即係長頭髮嘅二三四五十歲女士們, 就可以 enjoy 喺個輕鬆嘅環境洗下頭、按下頭、吹下頭、飲杯 champagne、聽下音樂、Relax 下,就有個清神爽利嘅頭見人!
因為做得夠專,懂得運用 Michael Porter 所指嘅 trade-offs ,同一般髮廊競爭對手唔同嘅 trade-offs, 好多女士就個個禮拜去幫襯,relax relax 下。2010年由美國加州第一間店開始, 十年間,全美開超過一百間分店, 擁有超過5000個髮型師, 每次美金$40,每個月幫緊20萬個客人吹頭。 淨係吹頭,依家營業額每年超過一億美金。
全球最大嘅傢俬公司,IKEA, 又係另一個Michael Porter 所指 Trade-Offs 嘅典型例子。佢由產品設計 (自己裝嵌)、產品種類 (簡單得來又多幾樣選擇)、 自己推住架車嘅購物模式、至到客戶服務 (間舖頭永遠唔易搵到人幫手,人客自己搞掂,慳番啲成本,換取平啲價錢),到最後排隊畀錢、自己包裝、抬件貨返屋企 …. 如果唔係送貨要額外收費 (無得免費)。IKEA 成條嘅企業價值鏈 value chain 都係同其他一般嘅傢俬公司好唔同,有好唔同嘅 Trade-offs 取捨。
IKEA 嘅「取捨」,就能夠吸引咗一班 “with a thin wallet" 想價錢平,但又想 good design, 唔介意自己辛苦做多啲, 工餘時間,甚至乎自己花成日裝嵌埋嘅顧客。IKEA 明白佢唔會 serve 晒所有人。 我以前係美國讀大學、 或者啱啱出嚟 New York 做嘢,都好鍾意去 IKEA 買嘢,因為平! 而家? 叫我花成日嵌件傢俬,睬你都傻! I was an IKEA Customer, but not anymore! It's OK, you cannot please everybody! 做生意就係個「取捨」! 賺到錢就得啦。
美國最賺錢嘅航空公司 Southwest Airlines 西南航空都係一樣,No first class, No meals, No assigned seats, No baggage transfer, No planes other than Boeing 737s, No International Flight … so on and so forth.
無頭等、無飛機餐、無預設定座位、無行李轉運 、除咗波音737乜嘢客機都無、無國際航線。 仲有好多都比一般其他航空公司無。
但就係因為「冇」, 運動複雜程度及成本下降,Southwest 就可以專注做以下幾樣嘢特別好,就係「平」、「快」、「準時」、員工做得開心自然服務態度更好。其他乜都無, 但未必個個客人都啱!
於是 Southwest 有個好出名嘅 "Pen Pal" 故事,就有位乘客 Mrs. Crabapple, 經常好唔滿意 Southwest Airlines 乜都冇,無頭等、無飛機餐、無預設定座位、無行李轉運等等等等, 經常寫信去 Southwest 投訴,呢個「筆友」"Pen Pal" 個個客戶服務部同事都怕咗佢, 寫完又寫, 回覆左又寫,投訴完又投訴。 直至客戶服務 部嘅同事們都冇計, 叫當時嘅CEO/創辦人 Herb Kelleher 回覆。佢點寫? 真人真事! 60秒內,佢回覆:
“Dear Mrs. Crabapple. We will miss you. Love, Herb." 即係話,請佢走, 唔好再返來!
聽落好似好搞笑,但Michael Porter 話呢個係一個典型嘅 trade-offs 例子,you cannot please everyone. 記住,一開始嘅時候,我講過:
"Strategy is making trade-offs in competing. The essence of strategy is choosing what not to do." by Michael Porter.
策略就係要以「取捨」去競爭。 取捨嘅精髓就係要知道唔做乜!
"When you try to offer something for everybody, you tend to relax the trade-offs that underpin your competitive advantage." by Michael Porter.
當您嘗試做曬所有嘢去服務每一個人,你嘅「取捨」就會減少, 同時亦都會減少你嘅競爭優勢。
善用 Trade-offs 「取捨」去增強自己競爭力嘅機會隨處都係,爭在你願唔願意「放手」,先能夠取得「更多」。
包括我自己在內, 如果我乜嘢地產項目都投資,有賺錢就買, 甚至乎集資錢多地盤都搞埋, 我只係一個三四流嘅地產發展商。 我點同新鴻基/恒基/長實打呢? 但我專注幾千萬以下嘅香港街舖,我就係一個一流嘅商舖基金公司, 全香港人, 包括所有大嘅地產發展商,係街舖買賣都唔會夠我來。 社運/肺炎後,全香港買賣舖無人夠我哋多,呢個係事實!
"Trade-offs are choices that make strategies sustainable because they are not easy to match or to neutralize." by Michael Porter.
「取捨」會令到策略更有持續性,因為競爭對手 好難去複製或抵消你嘅優勢。特別是你嘅 first mover advantage 先行者優勢。
我係香港第一個商舖基金,就永遠都係香港第一個商舖基金。只我哋專注,未來幾十年,我知道係香港嘅街舖,無人會動搖到我哋嘅領導地位。
即是有人入嚟炒,Michael Porter 話新入嚟嘅 「模仿者」好多時都只係做 Straddling 跨騎, 即係好似「一腳踏兩船」咁, 自己本身嘅本業又做,商舖又做,結果兩邊都做唔「專」。
就係因為有自信我先咁講。因為好似今集一開始咁講,根據 Michael Porter 嘅 "Trade-offs different from rivals", 我哋係放棄咗好多嘅嘢,同競爭對手大大唔同,先能夠建立到我哋今日係香港街舖嘅領導地位。 只要我哋專注,我哋嘅基金投資者會賺錢! I know it. 但如果有一日,我開始搞工廈、搞商廈、搞地盤、搞英國樓、搞埋茶餐廳、 補習社 、 酒樓、酒店等, 就係投資者應該攞錢走嘅時候! 乜都做,就開始等如乜都唔做!
你呢? What are your trade-offs? 你的「取捨」同競爭對手有咩唔同呢? 抑或人做你做,人客想要乜,你就俾佢乜呢?
There is no problem with that! 第一集一開始我就話,99%嘅公司都係咁,養家活兒可能好多年都冇問題, 但根據 Michael Porter,你只係停留係第二個 S - Sustaining 持續緊嘅階段。 做好多年,搵到食,但可能仍然冇人識你,無突破。Survive, Sustain, 但要去到第三個 S, Succeed, I mean Super Successful 好似一支箭咁標上去,等如以上 QB House, DryBar, IKEA, Southwest Airlines 咁,你就要有 strategy 策略。 你嘅「取捨」trade-offs 要同競爭對手截然不同。
李小龍嘅名言,亦都係掛喺我公司office嘅唯一名言: "I fear not the man who has practiced 10,000 kicks once, but I fear the man who has practiced one kick 10,000 times."
李小龍唔怕嗰啲踢過一萬種唔同腳法嘅人。但佢怕嗰啲踢過一種腳法一萬次嘅人。 你嘅腳法又點呢? 有興趣一齊研究下點做? 聽多啲 Michael Porter,就來我星期六嘅早餐會啦! 下集我再同你講 (4) Fit across value chain 成條企業價值鏈的活動,如何配合去增強你的競爭優勢?
。。。。。
My hobby 《星期六早餐會》!
九/十月份早餐會 Topic: Applying "Michael Porter" to your business: How to compete and win!
哈佛分享: 如何應用「米高波特」於你盤生意? 點競爭? 點贏?
講起哈佛策略教授, 無人出名過 Michael Porter. 有幸我2017年在哈佛親身上過他教的課程, 今次早餐會同你分享,希望對你做生意亦有所啟發。
有興趣參加啦 😃 每次限四位 (包括我)。 人多傾唔到計。
9月份,逢星期六早上9時開始,約三小時。地點中環。
對象: 中小企老闆/創業者/公司管理層,連我限4位。
有興趣參加的話,請 whatsapp 你的名片給 Suki (我助手) (+852) 5566 1335。
我唔係靠呢行搵食,免費,我請食早餐 😉 Be friends ..... 有機會到時見你。李根興 Edwin
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#michael_porter #競爭策略
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how to survive 4 在 孫怡琳 Facebook 的最佳解答
跟著怡琳看世界 36
Animals are changing their body shapes to cope with climate change
動物正在改變牠們的身形以應對氣候變遷
warm-blooded 溫血的
constant 穩定的/連續不斷的
heatstroke 中暑
breeding 繁殖
migration 遷徙
appendage 附屬器官
gang-gang cockatoo 紅冠灰鳳頭鸚鵡
red-rumped parrot 紅腰鸚鵡
emission 排放
Global warming is a big challenge for warm-blooded animals, which must maintain a constant internal body temperature. As anyone who’s experienced heatstroke can tell you, our bodies become severely stressed when we overheat.
全球暖化對溫血動物來說是一大挑戰,牠們必須保持穩定的內部體溫。任何經歷過中暑的人都會告訴你,當我們過熱時,我們的身體會感受到嚴重的壓力。
Animals are dealing with global warming in various ways. Some move to cooler areas, such as closer to the poles or to higher ground. Some change the timing of key life events such as breeding and migration, so they take place at cooler times. And others evolve to change their body size to cool down more quickly.
動物正在以各種方式應對全球暖化。有些會遷移到較冷的區域,例如更靠近兩極或是地勢較高的地方。有些改變關鍵生命事件的時間,如繁殖和遷徙,讓它們在較冷的時候發生。而其他透過演化來改變牠們的體型,以便更快地降溫。
Our new research examined another way animal species cope with climate change: by changing the size of their ears, tails, beaks and other appendages.
我們的新研究,考察了動物物種應對氣候變遷的另一種方式:透過改變耳朵、尾巴、喙以及其他附屬器官的大小。
We found most documented examples of shape-shifting involve birds – specifically, increases in beak size. This includes several species of Australian parrots. Studies show the beak size of gang-gang cockatoos and red-rumped parrots has increased by between 4% and 10% since 1871. We found clear evidence that birds with smaller beaks are also less likely to survive hotter summers.
我們發現大多數記錄在形狀的例子都涉及鳥類-特別是鳥喙尺寸的增加。這包含好幾種的澳洲鸚鵡。研究顯示,從1871年以來,紅冠灰鳳頭鸚鵡和紅腰鸚鵡的喙大小增加4%到10%。我們發現明確的證據顯示,喙較小的鳥類比較不可能在炎熱的夏天存活。
So while predicting how wildlife will respond to climate change is important, the best way to protect species into the future is to dramatically reduce greenhouse gas emissions and prevent as much global warming as possible.
雖然預測野生動物如何應對氣候變遷很重要,但保護物種可以存活到未來最好的方式,就是大幅減少溫室氣體排放,並盡可能防止全球暖化。
資料來源:
https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2021/09/climate-change-animals-global-warming-shape?utm_source=ig&utm_medium=social_video&utm_campaign=social_video_2021&utm_content=23775_Carousel_animal_shapeshift_global_warming
how to survive 4 在 元毓 Facebook 的最佳貼文
英國金融時報此文相當貼切真實,直述一個只會逃避現實,欺騙人民美國爸爸會來救我的蔡英文政府。
quote:
“There is a lack of discussion, and of a clear sense of what the threat is,” said Bush, who argued in a recent book that Taiwan’s democracy has failed to address how the country can survive and preserve its “good life”.
“What we have seen is avoidance of the underlying reality, of real choices.”
“The government should be raising people’s awareness of the military threat. But instead of doing real things, they just talk, telling people to hate China and love the US and Japan,”
Tsai Hui-chun, the retired teacher, believes that although she has no desire for Taiwan to become part of China, it will eventually happen.
She said: “When they come one day, what could we do about it anyway?”
https://www.ft.com/content/b0e3fa00-42af-4914-9323-38c75ac46d67
how to survive 4 在 lifeintaiwan Youtube 的最佳解答
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how to survive 4 在 Dainghia25 Youtube 的精選貼文
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01:48 Investigate The Village
06:20 Survive the Attack
11:50 Look for rose
12:45 Find Shelter in Luiza's house
13:40 Escape the house
15:47 Escape the Mine
18:05 Look for Rose in the Castle
18:50 Escape the Catsle
22:23 Bela Dimitrescu Boss Fight
22:51 Courtyard Key Location
23:45 Find the Lady Dimitrescu Chamber
26:10 Mask of Sorrow Location
28:35 Iron Insignia Key Location
29:45 Daniela Dimitrescu Boss Fight
30:35 Mask of Joy Location
30:45 Mask of Rage Location
33:00 Mask of Pleasure Location
34:18 Cassandra Dimitrescu Boss Fight
35:30 Place of Four Angel Mask
36:20 Lady Dimitrescu Boss Fight
39:24 Collect Rose 1/4
39:40 Look For Rose
41:40 Find the House with the Red Chimney
43:20 Four Winged Key Location
46:05 Collect Rose 2/4
48:40 Beneviento House Investigate
59:10 Donna Beneviento Boss Fight
1:01:30 Moreau Reservoir Investigate
1:04:30 Collect Rose 3/4
1:06:25 Escape Moreau
1:08:15 Open The Sluice Gate
1:14:40 Moreau Boss Fight
1:17:05 Head to the Stronghole
1:21:20 Collect Rose 4/4
1:26:00 Take the Flasks to the Altar
1:28:10 Find Heisenberg
1:30:20 Escape the Factory
1:52:15 Sturm Boss Fight
1:55:50 HeisenBerg Boss Fight
2:05:20 Chris Redfield Gameplay
2:19:35 Miranda Final Boss Fight
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本集廣告與「NVIDIA」合作播出
4/12 - 4/16 #NVIDIA 年度 GPU 技術大會 #GTC21 即將盛大登場
✔️ 上千場跨國講座,免費線上隨選觀看
✔️ 線上朝聖 AI 界大神| 3 位圖靈獎得主 Geoffrey Hinton、Yann LeCun 和 Yoshua Bengio 的獨家演說!
✔️ 4/13 上午九點|執行長黃仁勳的主題演講
✔️ 4/14 - 4/16 「DLI 深度學習實作坊」提升備戰力!學生、研究人員或團體報名另有優惠
💡 預約 Keynote 行事曆:https://nvda.ws/3dPlZYe
🧠 臉書活動資訊:https://nvda.ws/3d6QCpQ
✉️ 獲取 DLI 實作訓練相關優惠 GTC_Taiwan@nvidia.com
本集節目內容由志祺七七頻道製作,不代表「NVIDIA」立場。
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#外太空條約 #南極條約 #月球協定
各節重點:
00:00 開頭
01:09 【NVIDIA GTC Spring】一分鐘廣告
02:50 聯合國的《外太空條約》
04:09 解決南極紛爭的《南極條約》
05:57 《南極條約》的極限?
07:01 所有人共享資源的《月球協定》
08:19 官方不能佔為己有,那民間呢?
09:27 美國不玩了!
10:36 我們的觀點
12:13 問答
12:33 結尾
【 製作團隊 】
|企劃:宇軒
|腳本:宇軒
|編輯:土龍
|剪輯後製:鎮宇
|剪輯助理:歆雅、珊珊
|演出:志祺
——
【 本集參考資料 】
SpaceX 建立火星基地的相關報導
→Elon Musk says SpaceX is on track to launch people to Mars within 6 years — here's the full timeline of his plans to populate the red planet' - Insider:https://bit.ly/3rTlK1w
外太空條約相關討論
→50岁的《外层空间条约》名存实亡? - 中国航天科技集团:https://bit.ly/3sSAAqs
→Extraterrestrial real estate:https://bit.ly/3wx6Cu3
→月球协定:https://bit.ly/3dHCXWN
南極條約 相關討論
→南極條約體系 - Wikipedia:https://bit.ly/31PiEky
→南極條約一甲子,老而彌堅還是行將就木? - 鳴人堂:https://bit.ly/3cUi23o
月球土地和資源利用等相關討論
→無主之地的管轄權:在南極和太空犯罪要歸誰管? - 法操:https://bit.ly/3uq3Ox3
→摘下星星送給你–國家或個人可以把星體當自己的嗎? - 法操(這裡面有在月球上成立國家的案例):https://bit.ly/3mmUGq6
→你真的能買下月球的土地嗎? - 天下雜誌(裡面有提到Lunar Embassy Corp 的例子):https://bit.ly/3dxjGXS
→月球土地先佔先贏? - 科學人:https://bit.ly/3mjYLLW
→在月球上炒「地皮」 - 科學Online:https://bit.ly/2PDhhD1
→月球屬於誰? - 泛科學:https://bit.ly/2RbJSzO
NASA 阿提密斯協定
→8國簽署Artemis Accords協議 訂定探索月球標準 - 科技政策研究與資訊中心:https://bit.ly/3rSnHvb
→NASA 發布新版月球探索公約《阿提米絲協議》,鼓勵資源開採 - 科技新報:https://bit.ly/3mmPYc0
→人類月球探索:誰將擁有月球資源的開採權? - BBC 中文:https://bbc.in/2PUSQ3M
【 延伸閱讀 】
→富豪星際爭霸戰(上):馬斯克、貝佐斯與他們的太空事業 - 鳴人堂:https://bit.ly/3cTbaU4
→富豪星際爭霸戰(下):雲端、衛星與國防,誰能把握太空經濟先機? - 鳴人堂:https://bit.ly/39OlFWy
→Making Humans a Multi-Planetary Species‘ - Elon Musk:https://bit.ly/3mo879n
→SpaceX's Mars Colony Plan: How Elon Musk Plans to Build a Million-Person Martian City:https://bit.ly/2PZAChw
→How SpaceX's Starship Will Help Establish a Mars Base :https://bit.ly/39NYxaV
→Elon Musk on planning for Mars: ‘The city has to survive if the resupply ships stop coming from Earth’ - CNBC:https://cnb.cx/2PGUYw9
→公地悲劇—The tragedy of the commons:https://bit.ly/3fL7h5l
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