關於 in order to等於 ，我們在網路上蒐集到這些相關的討論、資訊與評價

哈佛知識分享: 第三集(合共七集) What is competitive advantage? What is your value chain? 什麼是競爭優勢? 什麼是企業價值鏈?

仲記得我喺哈佛讀行政人員課程嘅時候，教授 Michael Porter 考考我哋, "In business, is strategy more important or excution more important?" 做生意，策略重要啲? 定執行力重要啲? 等陣同你解釋。

上兩集同你講咗你應該點諗「競爭」? 行業的五加一動力點影響你嘅利潤。今集同你分享下企業價值鏈點影響你的競爭優勢? 策略/執行力，邊個重要啲?

全文內容:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/10iTzUHyqrhcLvrfYHqZhu8tNpT-jnzKWVhVls09ciWk/edit?usp=drivesdk

。。。。。

My hobby 《星期六早餐會》!

七/八/九月份早餐會 Topic: Applying "Michael Porter" to your business: How to compete and win!

哈佛分享: 如何應用「米高波特」於你盤生意? 點競爭? 點贏?

講起哈佛策略教授， 無人出名過 Michael Porter. 有幸我2017年在哈佛親身上過他教的課程， 今次早餐會同你分享，希望對你做生意亦有所啟發。

有興趣參加啦 😃 每次限四位 (包括我)。 人多傾唔到計。

7月/8月/9月份，逢星期六早上9時開始，約三小時半。地點中環。

對象: 中小企老闆/創業者/公司管理層，連我限4位。

有興趣參加的話，請 whatsapp 你的名片給 Suki (我助手) (+852) 5566 1335。

我唔係靠呢行搵食，免費，我請食早餐 😉 Be friends ..... 有機會到時見你。李根興 Edwin

www.edwinlee.com.hk
www.bwfund.com

聯絡李根興 whatsapp (+852) 90361143

。。。。。。。。。

先講何謂「競爭優勢」Competitive Advantage?

Michael Porter 話 "If you have a real competitive advantage, it means that compared with rivals, you operate at a lower cost, command a premium price, or both."

如果你有真正的「競爭優勢」，相比起競爭對手，你就有低啲嘅成本，或高啲嘅售價，或兩個都有。

"Competitive advantage is a relative concept. It's about superior financial performance." by Michael Porter

競爭優勢是相對的。 係代表你財務回報做得好過你同行的競爭對手。

唔單止做得好，而係要賺錢多過人。記住，上集我同你講:

"The real point of competition is not to beat rivals. It's to earn profits."

競爭，最重要唔係打低競爭對手，而係要賺錢!

何謂賺錢? Michael Porter 嘅定義唔係純粹睇個大數。 他話賺100蚊嘅公司，唔係一定叻過賺90蚊嘅公司。 因為話唔定賺100蚊嘅公司，佢就投資咗1000蚊，先賺100蚊。 但賺90蚊嘅公司，投資咗500蚊已賺賺到90蚊。 咁後者又何必再投資多500蚊，去賺嗰剩餘嘅10蚊。 因為呢500蚊可以投資喺第二度可能有更高回報，何必為做而做呢?

因此 Michael Porter 睇嘅賺錢，係 measured by ROIC (Return On Invested Capital) 資本投資回報。 即係話你放咗幾錢入去盤生意，equity and debt combined, 資本又好、借又好， 賺錢回報率有幾多呢?

例如，你開間茶餐廳，你自己放咗100萬入去，問銀行借咗100萬裝修，合共投資200萬。開業後，未扣除銀行利息及稅務 (EBIT - Earnings Before Interest and Tax)，每年就賺40萬，咁你嘅 ROIC (Return on Invested Capital) 就係40除200，等如20%。

如果你再另外開多一間， 道理上因為經驗多咗啦，總部人手成本一樣，額外投資金額應該就會少咗，開始有 economy of scale (經濟規模效益)，當今次只係投資160萬，回報一樣每年40萬。ROIC 就係 25%。

Michael Porter 話， 如果你每開一間，你嘅投資回報 ROIC 會因為 economy of scale (經濟規模效益)而提升，why not! 開多幾十幾百幾千間都得。

但如果你開到某個程度，每開一間，你嘅投資回報 (ROIC) 就下降。 例如依家總投資要成200萬，由於市場開始飽和，每年賺錢只得額外20萬，資本投資回報只得10%。Michael Porter 話咁又何必再開呢? 因為咁樣只會把你整體嘅 ROIC (資本投資回報率)拉低。

做得大，唔代表賺錢。唔好為大而大。有時 Small is beautiful. 細有細嘅美麗。

美國最賺錢嘅航空公司 Southwest Airlines, 睇下呢幅圖， 過去幾十年佢嘅嘢 ROIC (Return on Invested Capital)，上面黑色條線，一直保持行內最高， 行內其他航空公司平均係每年回報3.1%， Southwest Airlines 就能夠做到每年回報11.4%，高出同行2.7倍， 肺炎前年年賺錢。

Southwest Airlines 創辦人 Herb Kelleher 曾經講過 ”Market share has nothing to do with profitability. Market share says we just want to be big; we don't care if we make money doing it. In order to get an additional 5% of the market, some companies increased their costs by 25%. That's really incongruous if profitability is your purpose."

佢話:「市佔率往往同利潤率無關係。 市佔率只係講大， 但未必賺到錢。 有啲公司為咗攞多5%額外市佔率， 願意洗多25%嘅成本， 咁樣同做生意要賺錢嘅理念係互相違背的。」

我自己做商舖基金都係一樣，我成日都話:「我情願人少啲，賺多啲」，遠遠好過「人多多，每人賺少啲!」 人少啲， 社運肺炎，咩風浪都經過起。 人多， 一闊三大，一個浪冚，好易玩完。

記住我上面提過「競爭優勢」就係: 「相比起競爭對手，你有低啲嘅成本，或高啲嘅售價，or both!」 咁點樣同樣嘅產品或服務，你嘅回報就更高。

"Strategy choices aim to shift relative price or relative cost in a company's favor." by Michael Porter

策略的選擇，目的是向公司有利的方向把相對的價錢或成本調整。

咁點選擇呢? 就係睇你條 「Value Chain 企業價值鏈」啦。

"The sequence of activities your company performs to design, produce, sell, deliver and support its products is called the value chain. " by Michael Porter.

由產品的設計、生產、銷售、送遞、到售後服務，這個流程就叫做企業價值鏈。

"A company's value chain is the collection of all its value-creating and cost-generating activities." by Michael Porter.

企業價值鏈係由所有為客戶增值及令企業增加成本的活動總和。

睇圖，Value Chain 包括 Primary Activities 主要活動 and Supporting Activities 輔助活動。入貨、加工、出貨就係你服務顧客啲主要活動。 公司嘅架構、人力資源、科技應用就係輔助活動。Michael Porter 話如果你要贏人, 你就要明白你以上嘅價值鏈每一步、 每個活動、 每個細節對人客嘅價值製造 (value creation) 同相關成本 (cost incurred)。

要勝出，你有兩個選擇:

(1) Compete on execution. Better operational effectiveness. Perform the same activities as rivals, but execute better. Be better, be the best!

用「執行力」去贏人。每一步，設計/入貨/生產/出貨，都同爭對手差不多，但執行得更好、更快、更準。成個流程成本平啲，人客滿意啲。 等於一間茶餐廳， 落單準啲、上菜快啲、 炒餸好味啲。 但教授 Michael Porter 話咁就好似隻老鼠喺個圈入面，operational effectiveness, 跑快啲跑快啲 ，be the quickest, be the best! 但其實不斷地都喺個圈入面跑緊。長遠，人或老鼠，始終會攰， 你好啲，但人哋都會改善追上。競爭對手就遲早令你競爭優勢難以維續。

(2) Compete on strategy. Perform different activities from rivals. Meet the different needs of customers at lower cost or higher price. Be unique.

用「策略」去贏人。設計/入貨/生產/出貨嘅價值鏈，同行內其他爭對手唔同。 明白唔同顧客，有唔同需求。 用低啲嘅成本或者高啲嘅售價，or both, 去滿足佢哋嘅需求。做唯一! Michael Porter 話咁就會令你 好似隻老鼠咁，跑出個圈，走條捷徑，帶你想去嘅地方。 只是專注，長遠你嘅競爭優勢更容易持續。

例如， 美國嘅航空公司過去幾十年都係非常之難做嘅行業，1980年起，ROIC Return on Invested Capital 資本投資回報平均只得每年3.1%。

但我上面提及的西南航空 Southwest Airlines，佢過去幾十年，由(1) 訂票 (只用自己網絡，唔用 agent， 慳番啲手續費) 、(2) 機種 (只用一種波音737，方便機司培訓同保養， 唔似得其他航空公司乜飛機種都有)、(3) 坐飛機無飛機餐(慳返成本及方便清潔)、(4) 無編定座位 (先上機先揀位坐， 唂啲人快啲上飛機，早啲開機)、至 (5) No connecting flights 無轉駁航班 (只有直接 point to point， 唔使等你或你啲行李轉機)， 仲有更多更多， 成條嘅 Southest Airlines Value Chain 價值鏈嘅活動，都係同行內競爭對手唔同。 雖然機票售價平啲，但佢成本更加平。咁亦都解釋咗點佢能夠咁多年來平均嘅資本投資回報率 ROIC 高達11.4%，高過同行競爭對手近三倍。

我自己做商舖基金都係一樣， 都係 compete on strategy. 如果我純粹低買，高賣舖。 我只可以靠買得平過人，沽得快過人去賺錢。 但長遠好難持續跑贏大市的優勢， 一個社運肺炎冚埋嚟， 馬上冚旗。

呢條係我哋公司商舖增值嘅價值鏈 (insert graph)， 由投資者集資、買舖、解除 order /裝修/分契、至「服務式商舖」搵合適租客 (諗計仔幫佢做多啲生意)、至宣傳推廣出售商舖及「三大保證」售後服務， 加上公司基本設施、人力資源、科技應用、採購流程嘅配合， 我相信香港無任何一個商舖投資者同我哋一樣為商舖增值。 我係舖市要跑贏大市，都係靠呢條 Value Chain 價值鏈。包括，買賣我基金單位嘅交易成本，遠遠低過買賣成間舖。租我哋舖做生意嘅風險，都遠遠低過租間不知名、無人跟進的舖。

咁亦都解釋咗點解，我哋用咗五年時間，今個月就用基金買入咗港幣第一個「10億」舖，前後60間街舖。萬事起頭難，我相信第二個「10億」舖，大約兩年內會完成。

根據哈佛教授 Michael Porter，只要條 value chain 企業價值鏈夠獨特及專注， 好難有另一個競爭對手入嚟係香港街舖嘅層面打低我哋。好多人會嚟抄我哋嘅 business model 商業模式，但佢唔會做舖。 佢會做工廈、商廈、住宅、農地、骨灰龕位、大灣區、非洲、火星，但佢唔做香港街舖。 因為個地頭已經畀我哋霸咗，佢點做都唔夠我哋熟。 唔通我講話我要買1000間香港街舖，佢講話要買2000間，邊個人會信佢! 佢話500間就不如唔好講。

當然，教授話任何 good strategy 都需要 good execution，無好嘅執行力，所有說話只係空談。因此我成日話「持續性、持續性、持續性地執行」好重要。

Both strategy and excution are important. 好嘅「策略」及好嘅「執行力」同樣重要。 只有好嘅 「執行力」，無「策略」，你會賺到錢，不過好大機會係細錢。 加埋好嘅「策略」，配合好嘅「執行力」，大錢就會嚟!

你盤生意呢? 你條企業價值鏈 Value Chain 又係點呢? 同人哋有乜唔同? Are you competing on good execution or good strategy? 你係執行力上贏人、定策略上贏人? 點樣做到成本平啲或收費高啲，or both 呢?

有興趣一齊研究多啲點做? 聽多啲 Michael Porter，就來我七/八月份星期六嘅早餐會啦! 下集我再同你講 (4) What is strategy? How do you create value? 什麼是策略 ? 你如何創造價值?

全文內容:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/10iTzUHyqrhcLvrfYHqZhu8tNpT-jnzKWVhVls09ciWk/edit?usp=drivesdk

。。。。。

My hobby 《星期六早餐會》!

七/八/九月份早餐會 Topic: Applying "Michael Porter" to your business: How to compete and win!

哈佛分享: 如何應用「米高波特」於你盤生意? 點競爭? 點贏?

講起哈佛策略教授， 無人出名過 Michael Porter. 有幸我2017年在哈佛親身上過他教的課程， 今次早餐會同你分享，希望對你做生意亦有所啟發。

有興趣參加啦 😃 每次限四位 (包括我)。 人多傾唔到計。

7月/8月/9月份，逢星期六早上9時開始，約三小時半。地點中環。

對象: 中小企老闆/創業者/公司管理層，連我限4位。

有興趣參加的話，請 whatsapp 你的名片給 Suki (我助手) (+852) 5566 1335。

我唔係靠呢行搵食，免費，我請食早餐 😉 Be friends ..... 有機會到時見你。李根興 Edwin

www.edwinlee.com.hk
www.bwfund.com

聯絡李根興 whatsapp (+852) 90361143

#michael_porter, #競爭策略, #企業競爭優勢，#價值鏈

【停滯型通膨即將來臨嗎？】

我認為我們即將在一兩年內經歷全球大部分地區的停滯型通膨（stagflation）。我認為投資的方向也會因此微調。

1. 濫發通貨的後果比我們想像中嚴重

我在《後疫情時代中國面對的經濟環境》一文中預測的通貨膨脹現象，已經從資本市場、房地產市場逐漸拓展到美國一般消費市場。

從媒體報導或社群網站上的照片記錄看來，普遍性的消費商品價格上漲已然發生。（見圖）

如同諾貝爾經濟學獎得主F. A. Hayek曾以蜂蜜形容貨幣的流動，在注入貨幣的過程，會造成某部分價格上漲，然後才慢慢拓展出去。而以當今Fed的貨幣干預手段，我們可以看到美國國債利率的下跌與股票、衍生性金融商品市場的價格上漲為常見的起點。而最後，亦如另一位諾貝爾獎得主M. Friedman所言：「通貨膨脹始終是貨幣現象」。

我相信讀者也在許多財經媒體上看到有關通貨膨脹的警告或討論了。

經濟學家Joseph Carson指出，美國在1970年代的CPI統計是包含房地產價格，因此1979年CPI成長11.3％中有相當比例是因為當年房地產價格激增。但現今的統計卻排除了房地產價格。而新冠疫情之後美國房地產價格因濫印貨幣而飆漲，故即便美國官方公佈的過去12個月CPI增長5.4%，但如果採取1970年代的標準計入房地產價格因素，則實際CPI漲幅應該是兩位數！

這也表示，Fed聲稱通貨膨脹只是暫時且不嚴重的論點，很可能是基於刻意被低估的統計方法。另一個值得一提的，是Fed自疫情封城後每個月都買入$400億美元房貸為基礎的金融證券（mortgage-backed securities），但我們也都清楚2008年美國金融危機的一大肇因就是美國聯邦政府轄下兩個專門替房貸信用擔保的房利美、房地美機構（Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac），其相當於政府干預市場的行為扭曲並蒙蔽了市場對真實風險的判斷。

更值得警醒的是如顧問公司MBS Highway指出美國Fed實質買入的房貸基礎證券金額恐怕高達$1000億美元每月，硬生生人為壓低房貸利率0.25~0.35%。

綜合來看，Fed刻意濫發通貨不但眾所周知，很可能實際規模超越我們理解。而美國政府的CPI統計卻因排除房地產與股票等資產，無法正確地理解真實通膨現狀。

2. 政府引發通膨並非萬靈丹 -- 菲利普曲線早已失效

美國上班族實質週薪相較去年同期收入下降了1.7%，製造業員工更是下降了2.2%。

然而根據總體經濟學的菲利普曲線與相關理論認為，通貨膨脹引發的實質薪資下降理論上應該可以提高就業。可事實上我們看到的是五月份高達900萬份職位仍空懸找不到勞工。根據華爾街日報報導，六月份失業率5.9%竟仍高於新冠疫情前的3.5%。

為何如此？早幾年我已經多次撰文談過，菲利普曲線只是基於紐西蘭某一小短時期的統計數字，從經濟理論上就存在內在矛盾與瑕疵，根本不是個普遍可適用的通論，頂多算是個「特例」。因此我們常看到經濟學家質疑此曲線失效實屬正常。

從制度經濟學角度觀察，貨幣政策的確可以引發通貨膨脹造成實質薪資下降，但工作機會與適任員工二者的媒合本身並非不存在交易費用，這意味著並非實質薪資下降馬上需求曲線丟進來，交易量（即就業人數）立即增大。

美國Fed的達拉斯分行4月份報告就指出：30.9％因疫情失業的勞工並未重新回到他們原本的舊工作，此數字還高過去年7月的19.8％。

根據美國人力網站ZipRecruiter近日研究發現幾個目前美國就業市場現象：

a. 本來在娛樂或餐飲旅館行業的就業人士，被疫情的強迫停業嚇怕了，高達70%欲轉行，但多數卻因為行業專業不同難以順利轉換跑道。

b. 過去幾個月來新開出的職缺與失業人數竟然同步上升。

c. 因為疫情許多人跑去城市郊區甚至鄉村避難，結果開出職缺的區域與求職者所在區域出現明顯分離。

d. 同樣因為疫情封城管制造成的後果，紐約市區星巴克的今年五月來店人數相較兩年前同期下降65%，工作機會也隨之發生改變。

e. 每週$400美元的失業補助讓許多失業者不急於找工作。溫蒂漢堡、必勝客、Applebee's、Taco Bell等知名連鎖餐廳提供額外的獎金補貼也依然找不到員工。

而這一些因交易費用增加產生的就業市場成交量下降，從制度經濟學角度來看難以依靠貨幣政策改善，而是必須透過放寬就業市場法規來協助降低交易費用。可是我們看到卻是迷信政府管制的新一任Biden政府。

3. Biden總統的行政命令

今年7月初美國總統Biden簽署了一系列行政命令，新增了橫跨農業、健康產業、物流、交通、科技產業、勞工...等各種管制，聲稱可以透過政府干預帶來產業競爭狀態的改善與消費者/勞工權益。

我們可以從Biden總統的發言看到他對基礎經濟學概念的嚴重無知與缺乏：“Capitalism without competition isn’t capitalism. It’s exploitation,” ... “Without healthy competition, big players can change and charge whatever they want, and treat you however they want. And for too many Americans that means accepting a bad deal for things that you can’t go without.”

經濟學認為競爭無處不在，而不同的侷限條件會導致競爭的態樣改變。某些侷限條件下的競爭會有較高的租值消散，某些則較少。純粹市價競爭的自由市場是理論上完全無租值消散的一種競爭態樣。

因此，政府管制往往帶來的只是更多租值消散與尋租空間。誠如雷根總統說過：「政府本身就是問題，而不是解答。」

所以我們不難發現試圖以更多管制措施、更多政府干預來「使市場健康競爭」的Biden政府，必然是一場徒勞無功且弊病叢生的白工。只是所增加的交易費用，依然是由美國人民來承擔，這對通貨膨脹烏雲蓋頂的底層百姓而言，恐怕雪上加霜。

還記得中美貿易戰多篇文章我均指出，從正確的經濟學邏輯角度來看，時任Trump政府對中國的各種關稅或非關稅貿易壁壘，最終的成本承擔者只會是美國消費者。

我們看到前任Fed主席，現任美國財政部部長Janet L. Yellen也於7月中旬接受紐約時報採訪時鬆口承認Trump時代對中國的關稅障礙結果是在傷害美國消費者。（"Tariffs are taxes on consumers. In some cases it seems to me what we did hurt American consumers, ..."）

這樣的錯誤，美國政府百年來犯了無數次。例如我們曾談過Milton Friedman 與George Stigler 兩位諾貝爾經濟學獎得主共同撰寫的知名論文「Roofs or Ceilings? The Current Housing Problem」以1906年甫大地震後225,000人無家可歸的舊金山市為研究對象，發現當時無力管制的市政府放任市場自由定價，結果是多數人很快找到新家，即便是十分貧窮者，也有與之對應的廉價房屋提供（1906 advertisement “Six-room house and bath, with 2 additional rooms in basement having fire-places, nicely furnished; fine piano; … $45."）

但到了1946年，舊金山因人口增長而推出租金管制，明明房屋短缺嚴重性遠不如1906年大地震後的慘狀，但卻發生多數人租不到房子的窘境！

根據二位經濟學大神研究，1906年每一個想租屋的人，大約有10間房子供選擇；但租金管制後的1946年，每375個求租客對應10間房子供給。

更嚴重的實例還有1970年代石油危機期間，美國政府出台的各種價格與非價格管制干預措施的結果，反而更抬高國內石化產品價格，加劇石化產品短缺現象，不但各地加油站大排長龍，不少妙齡女子以身體為代價與加油站老闆員工上床以取得汽油的新聞不絕於耳。

因此我推斷，美國如不放寬對中國的制裁，只會加重自身通膨惡果，同時惡化真實失業狀況。

一方面，管制會加重人民負擔提高交易費用這點已經敘明不再重複；另一方面，中國是美國過去二十年瘋狂印鈔卻未引發嚴重通貨膨脹現象的最大助力。

這點不僅我這樣看，如經濟學名家張五常教授、前任美國聯準會主席Alan Greenspan於2005年美國國會聽證會發言，乃至於經濟學人雜誌2004年10月份的特別報告「Unnaturally low -- China is helping to keep down global interest rates」也做如是想，且不說還有許多經濟學家也持一樣的觀點。

誠如Greenspan於前述聽證會上發言指出，對中國貿易制裁結果必然導致美國民生物價上漲與人民生活品質受損，但卻無任何經濟學理與客觀證據支撐政客謬論 -- 制裁中國並無法改善美國就業率。

可即便Greenspan早在2005年國會上已言者諄諄，顯然後來十幾年美國政客們是聽者藐藐。因為政客利益往往不等同於人民利益，這是民主國家最大的侷限條件。

回過頭看，Biden政府上台以來，不但沒有放寬Trump時代對中國的諸多基於污衊指控而實施的貿易制裁，甚至有變本加厲的態勢。但如此舉措對美國自身其實極為不利。行文至此我們已經可以確定實質經濟成長停滯與通貨膨脹雙擊的「停滯性通膨」將來臨。

4. 歐美國家與日本普遍高負債結果只能以提高稅率或利率為結果。

所謂的「現代貨幣理論（MMT）」根本是一套無視成本的胡扯，違背了「凡有選擇必有代價」的經濟學最基礎侷限。各國瘋狂印鈔當然最後會出現通貨膨脹，不負責任的政府只能以提高稅率或提高利率為代價。

只是每個國家面對的侷限條件不同，使得代價發生的時程或「閥值」有所不同。

通貨膨脹現象說到底是個「貨幣增長率對上經濟成長率」的過程 -- 當貨幣增長率追不上實質經濟成長率，通貨收縮會發生；當貨幣增長率超過實質經濟成長率，則通貨膨脹會發生。注意，我這裡指的「實質經濟成長率」是「真實」的經濟成長，而不是GDP、凱因斯經濟學那套錯誤的觀念。這部分我以前就為文批評過，有興趣的讀者請自行查找。

故，同樣因應新冠疫情而寬鬆貨幣的俄羅斯，其面對的國際經貿環境不比美國日本，自然很快就承受不住通膨壓力於近日宣布一口氣調升利率100個基點至6.5%。（見圖）

美國聯邦政府2021年政府負債$28.5兆美元，是GDP的128.31%。僅利息支出達$4025億美元，佔年度預算5.3%，佔聯邦稅金收入9.8%。如果美國無法成功抑制通貨膨脹，則隨之而來的利率飆升將造成美國財政風險。畢竟市場利率始終是由「無風險利率+風險貼水+預期通貨膨脹率」組成。

我們可以注意到1980年代初期，美國國債淨利息支出增加的時期，其相對應的10年國債利率也大幅攀升。

同樣地，在高通膨率的1980年代初期（藍線），市場利率也曾一度飆升至近20%（黑色虛線）。（見圖）

再看看目前世界主要經濟體的債務狀況（見圖）

新冠疫情之後，世界主要國家的債務風險只增不減。

英國經濟學家，前英格蘭銀行與英國貨幣政策顧問Charles Goodhart警告：「中國帶給全世界的經濟紅利若因其人口結構老化而逐漸消失，則世界必將面對通貨膨脹衝擊。」（"...as aging populations in China and other nations spend more of their savings, average interest rates will rise higher than governments have bargained for...China’s greatest contribution to global growth is now past. This great demographic reversal will lead to a return of inflation.”）

通膨來襲加上實質生產力成長受損的停滯性通膨夾擊下，歐洲與日本等主要經濟體不得不面對更棘手的債務危機。這些國家未來政治與社會的動盪將會是常見的現象。

美元20多年來快速通貨成長下而無明顯國內通膨的一個重要因素，在於其做為世界最主要國際貿易交易結算貨幣的角色，使得世界整體經濟成長大於等於美元通貨成長時，通膨率不易上升。就如Greenspan 2005年在美國國會作證所闡釋，中國作為1990年代以來美國成長最快且體量非常大的貿易夥伴，中國對美元的需求本身就保證了美元的購買力，同時物美價廉的中國製造產品也大幅壓低了美國國內物價增長率。

上個世代扮演此角色的是日本，因此我們也看到日本與中國分別是目前美國國債最大持有國。（Foreign governments owned US$7.053 trillion of US debt in November, including China's US$1.063 trillion, and Japan's US$1.260 trillion, US Treasury data showed. ）

然後在此次疫情重創且血虧的奧運會之後，其逐漸衰退的整體生產力與相當惡化的債務狀況，我懷疑日本還有多少殘存力量支撐美元。

因此我們不難理解為何美國新任Biden政府上台後汲汲營營地尋求與中國高層會面。

結論

人民幣國際化的推進與中美經貿脫鉤二者都會帶來美元實質購買力的衰退與美國通膨惡化。因此美國政府如要避免財政危機，必須做到二件事：a. 解除貿易壁壘，尤其是針對中國的貿易制裁；b. 確保中國繼續願意大額購買美國債券以及使用美元為主要國際貿易結算貨幣。

中國數字人民幣推展與歐洲也開始積極發展數字貨幣的背後，都是直接對美元在國際貿易、金融體系的競爭。一帶一路若越成功也越能協助人民幣國際化。

這些都是美國非常不樂見。因此我們可以看到美國不斷在造謠污衊中國的一帶一路與科技後門監聽等事項，就算明明被抓包踢爆監聽全世界的是美國自己。

然而如同我多次解釋過，美式民主制度下政客的利益與人民利益往往不一致。當鼓動對中仇視有利於競選時，美國政客很難選擇與中國和平、更深度交流的道路；當增加更多政府管制干預與有利於尋租時，政客也是毫不猶豫地如此選擇。所以我們會在未來相當長時間看到精神分裂的美國 -- 又不希望中國在世界經濟影響力增加而欲打壓，但自己又不能真的因打壓中國與之脫鉤。

這種人格分裂狀態恐怕未來十幾年都會是美國政壇主旋律。

因此站在投資人的角度，我選擇把財產壓在美國利率終將上漲這一大方向上。

文章連結：
https://tinyurl.com/58hauwkf

參考資料：

WSJ, "How Much Are Prices Up? Here’s One Family’s Day-to-Day Expenses." July 9, 2021

WSJ, "Job Openings Are at Record Highs. Why Aren’t Unemployed Americans Filling Them?" July 9, 2021

WSJ, "Governments World-Wide Gorge on Record Debt, Testing New Limits" July 12, 2021

范一飞, "关于数字人民币M0定位的政策含义分析" 2020年09月15日

元毓, "宏觀經濟學的尷尬—菲利普曲線死了嗎？" May 8, 2018

NYT, "Yellen Says China Trade Deal Has ‘Hurt American Consumers’" July 16, 2021

WSJ, "Biden Targets Big Business in Sweeping Executive Order to Spur Competition" July 9, 2021

WSJ, "The 2021 Olympics Are Turning Into a $20 Billion Bust for Japan" July 20, 2021

Bank for International Settlement, "CBDCs: an opportunity for the monetary system" BIS Annual Economic Report | 23 June 2021

Barron's, "The Housing Market Is on Fire. The Fed Is Stoking the Flames." July 23, 2021

Barron's, "Disco Inferno: The U.S. Could Be Headed Back to ’70s-Style Stagflation" July 16, 2021

Reuters, "Russia raises key rate to 6.5% in sharpest move since 2014" July 23, 2021

Milton Friedman & George Stigler, "Roofs or Ceilings? The Current Housing Problem" September 1946

Alan Greenspan, "FRB: Testimony" June 23, 2005

The Economist, "Unnaturally low -- China is helping to keep down global interest rates" Oct 2nd 2004

【國立臺灣大學 109學年度畢業典禮 貴賓致詞】
Commencement Address, National Taiwan University Commencement 2021

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巨大集團 羅祥安前執行長
Giant Group Former CEO Anthony Lo

管校長，羅副校長，各位貴賓，畢業生的家長跟朋友們，還有今天最重要的2021年臺大的畢業生，大家早安、大家好！

首先恭喜你們，今天從全世界最優秀大學之一的臺灣大學畢業了！
在過去幾年，在管校長，以「大學教改」和「國際化」的理念，率領全體師生的努力之下，臺大在全世界的能見度，和各項排名，都有顯著的進步，也讓身為校友的我們倍感光榮。

是不是我們大家一起鼓掌，給自己鼓勵一下好不好！

你們今天剛剛畢業，但是你們已經創造了臺大一項新的紀錄：第一次，沒有傳統畢業典禮的畢業生。這將是你們人生一個非常特別的回憶，也預表了你們未來將會有與眾不同的表現，和非凡的成就。

現在的世界，局勢是在東方跟西方的勢力，彼此對抗而動盪不安。而全世界的經濟活動，也因為科技的突破性創新，而受到很大的影響。不盡理想的、不盡公平的全球化，也將逐漸地變成 全球在地化。而COVID-19肆虐全球的結果，使得臺灣跟全世界，大家的生活型態、社會的結構、經濟活動的節奏都被打亂了，而必須要加以全面的整理跟重新的架構。這當然是一個危機，但是更是一個絕好的機會。所以，將你們迎面而來的，是無數的創新的機會，以及冒險卻令人興奮的全新挑戰。

因為臺灣，這是第一次跟全世界各個國家，同步的站在一個嶄新的共同起跑點上面。所以我要恭喜你們，你們躬逢其會，將要進入一個充滿希望、嶄新的時代。

我是1969年從臺大畢業的，所以我想今天就以我畢業之後的50多年，人生的一些學習和體會，來跟諸位分享，給諸位作個參考。

當我大學畢業的時候，我滿懷抱負，迫不及待地想要大展身手，我當時進入臺灣最大的貿易公司工作，但是我發現我所學的很多東西，只有一些國際貿易的實務跟英文有用，至於其他我所學習到的經營管理的很多知識，恐怕都要等到10年、20年之後，如果我有幸當上高級主管才能派上用場。

更諷刺的是，我是商學系畢業的，但是工作兩年後，我發現我真的不喜歡做商人，我也不喜歡做生意，我有興趣的是做事業。

後來，幸好我有聆聽我心裡面的微弱的聲音，決定踏進自行車業，放棄掉台北最好的貿易公司的金飯碗，而去參加在大甲一個只有38個人的小公司，來追求我的夢想。

那時候許多人認為我腦筋有問題，頭殼壞去，但現在回顧回來，我當時是做了人生一個非常好的決定。

創業的過程飽受艱辛，但是我也學到了很多寶貴的經驗：我首先學到的，是在做事之前，必須要先學做人。

人必須要誠信踏實，不能自私自利，而要利他共好。

要隨時心存感恩，尊重、關切別人。要熱愛這個世界，並且要了解到一個人的能力是有限的，而必須要去建立互信、互助的人際關係；要融入群體、要發揮團隊的精神。

在做事方面，一定要以正面積極的態度，認真努力去工作。 而且不要怕失敗，要勇於接受新的挑戰。因為如果有失敗了，那只是代表說你又更靠近成功一步了。要作中學，學中作，要虛心好奇的終身學習，開拓挑戰、追求卓越。

在這裡，我想要送給大家一個很特別的畢業禮物，就是兩個「成功的錦囊」。
第一個錦囊：不管你做什麼工作，不論你職務的高低，永遠都要站在顧客的立場，來為他們設想，還能做什麼，讓他們能夠得到更多的創新價值。

第二個錦囊：無論作什麼工作，不管你職務的高低，永遠都要站在經營者的角度來為公司設想，要做什麼，才能讓公司更健康，永續經營跟發展。

既使你們把我後面講的很多東西都忘記了，沒關係，但是這個畢業禮物你們一定要記得帶回去，因為這些「同理心」的兩個錦囊，在未來會給你們帶來意想不到的祝福！

其次我體會到，名跟利都是副產品。正產品是你成為什麼樣的人，成就什麼樣的事。當正產品是對的時候，名跟利都自然會來。

所以我鼓勵大家在找工作的時候，不要太計較開始的薪水和待遇。因為事實上，一個新人，在前面三年是很難有大的貢獻的，反過來只是公司發薪水來給你培訓而已。所以選擇一個有意義的行業，找一家你可以學習進步的好公司，這才是重要的。

第三，我學習到 知識不等於智慧。諸位都學有專精，有很多寶貴的知識，但這些知識必須要實際去做才能夠產生經驗，而累積的時候會有不同經驗的反省、學習、跟體會，尤其是從那些失敗的經 驗，才能夠漸漸地凝結成有用的智慧。
我的成長過程分成三段，開始我是一個「I」型的人，我擁有一些經營管理的基本的能力。後來因為工作的需要和我的好奇心，我漸漸地學習到技術開發、製造生產、品牌推廣、全球經營、以及行銷、服務等等寶貴的經驗，這樣漸漸地，我就形成一個「T」型的一個跨界的人才。但是到了我真正找到公司未來的使命跟方向，並且把它跟我的人生目標結合在一起，熱情的、積極去推動的時候，那時候我終於成為一個「十字架」型的一個領導者。

當公司發展得比較穩定之後，我就面臨要如何來替公司規劃願景、使命、定位，跟長期策略。在這個階段，我有一些新的體會：首先，你必須要能夠畫出一個「黃金正三角形」，正三角形是最穩定的，上面是戰略，中間是戰術，下面是戰鬥。先要有正確的戰略，才能衍伸出有效的戰術，再根據這個戰術去貫徹戰鬥的執行。換言之，戰略就是做對的事情，戰術就是對的方法，戰鬥就是用對的方法去把事情做對做好，並且不斷地去持續改善。

想要能夠思考出長期的戰略，就必須要有洞察力。

我很喜歡看地球儀，就是那種在一個架子上面，有一個可以轉動的地球模型。當你把地球轉動的時候，你看到上面每一個地方、每一個國家，它的地理位置、它的自然生態，以及你思考它的歷史的演變跟它的發展，這樣子你就能夠得出一個整體的，跟全方位的一個概念。

在思考長期戰略的時候，很不容易得出一個有突破性的一個創見，它的原因往往是因為「當局者迷」的關係。

所以當我考慮長期戰略的時候，我會把自己設想，好像從一個人造衛星上面，來觀看一個轉動的地球。以宇宙格局的高度，以全球視野的廣度，以歷史演進的長度，這樣子你就能夠以一個「旁觀者清」的姿態和角度，來正面、反面深入思考，這樣子你就可能得到一個突破性的一個解答。「世界的捷安特」跟「全球在地化」的品牌經營—這樣子的策略、願景就是這樣產生的。

另外一種洞察力，是如何推出給人們有創新價值的產品跟服務。這就要時時地站在人文跟科技的十字路口，仔細觀察它們的變化，然後活用科技的進步，為人文潛在的需求，適時地提供最佳的解決方案。捷安特的Cycling世界，就是用這種方法，不斷的推出創新價值的產品。

我們在經營上也有發展出一個特別的理念，那就是「不求第一，要作惟一」。全世界的人這麼多，但沒有兩個人的指紋是一樣的， 所以每一個人都是獨一無二、都是惟一的。可見當上帝造每一個人的時候，祂都有衪特別的計劃，而且也把成功所需要的能力跟要素，已經放在你的心中，等待你取用。所以每一個人不應該只是模仿別人，或者是按照別人的期望來生活，而應該要找出並且發揮自己的天賦，真正做自己，成為惟一，才能夠活出精采的生命。

企業也是一樣，不能隨波逐流，必須要找出什麼才是對的，什麼是合適你的，什麼才是有意義、對這個世界有貢獻的，這個才是惟一。當你精益求精，努力的想要成為惟一的時侯，你才能夠找到真正正確的目標，以及永續生存的價值。如果事事都想為第一，那麼你可能去追求很多不切實際的目標，而被你無法承受的巨大壓力所摧毀。或者，因為不擇手段，最後走上一些錯誤的道路。
在長期追求惟一的過程當中，我也得到兩個重要的體會：當你決心做一件對的事情，而且不屈不撓，勇敢堅持奮鬥的時候，全宇宙的力量都會起來幫助你。另外，把一件有意義的事情，用生命的力量把它作好，你就有可能改變這個世界！

我鼓勵你們，聆聽你們內心深處的微小的聲音，讓它引導你們，去尋找到你們的天賦，了解你們的命定。

不求第一，要作惟一。做你真正的自己，成為惟一。活出你精彩的生命，享受你幸福的人生！

很多人說，生長在臺灣的人，一輩子裡面一定要完成三項挑戰：登玉山、泳渡日月潭、還有騎自行車環島。我覺得這非常有道理。所以我建議大家在畢業以後，在去當兵、就業之前，不妨參加一個自行車環島的旅行團，用九天的時間，仔細的去體會、欣賞寶島臺灣的美好，用自行車的輪胎去親吻，這塊生你長你的美麗大地，就當作是送給你自己的一個畢業禮物吧！

那教授們跟家長們，可能會想說，啊！太可惜了，我畢業的時候沒有騎自行車環島，我現在已經五六十歲了。沒關係，你這個年紀正好來從事人生的壯遊。
我們臺大的校長－管校長，在今年的一月份，就勇敢的完成他夢寐以求的自行車環島的壯遊。我們給管爺一個掌聲好不好？

有人認為臺灣很小、沒有前途，真的是這樣嗎？世界經濟論壇每年都要把全世界的國家的實力做一個調查跟排名。讓我們來看一下臺灣的排名。全世界有235個國家，就面積來講，我們排名第137；就人口來講，第57；就經濟體來講，第21；就整體競爭力來講，排名第11；而創新力，臺灣排名第4。沒錯，臺灣的確不大，但是我們很強，我們可以很有前途！

可預見的，未來的世界將會成為美、歐、亞三區鼎力的這個新局面。就像三個圓圈，各自都以自己的利益為優先，並且彼此長期的競爭、對抗和抵制，但是同時又不得不相互的維持一些必要的連結。而在每一個圈裡面，它將持續的有很多劇烈的改變，就像一個暴風圈一樣。而這三個暴風圈連結在一起，就形成一個所謂完全風暴PERFECT STORM。

最近經濟學人雜誌，把臺灣當作封面，稱臺灣為地球上最危險的地方，但同時又是科技業最關鍵的地方。我個人倒認為，未來臺灣可能是處在一個最有利的地位，就在那三個暴風圈中間的那個颱風眼，也就是這三個圈圈彼此連結交會的中心點。這個地方看起來好像危險，其實是最安全、最有利、又是最關鍵的地方。

當三個暴風圈無可避免的，參與在一個長期的競爭、對抗、跟抵制－這樣一個零和的賽局裡面。那臺灣並不屬於任何一個圈圈，也不需要去參與這些競爭、對抗跟抵制。而可以去想說，我可以在這個關鍵的中心點，替這個世界來提供什麼樣子的創新價值的貢獻。

臺灣過去50年的努力累積了很多技術開發、製造管理、金融資本，社會資源，以及民主法治體制，這些稀有而寶貴的實力。而且如果以全世界作為舞台，那麼，能夠精通中文跟英文、能夠深切的了解東方西方的文化；有專業，又能跨界，謙卑而不自卑，自信而不自大的臺灣人，可能是全世界最優秀的人才。

未來無法被預測，但是可以被創造！30年前，有誰能夠預測到說臺灣會產生世界級的台積電跟捷安特？

台積電秉持著作惟一的理念，以全球晶圓代工的戰略，厚植實力，打造了優質高效的供應鏈，把臺灣變成一個科技島。以臺灣為核心，轉動引領全世界的半導體市場。

捷安特也秉持著作惟一的理念，以世界的捷安特，全球在地化的品牌戰略，帶領A-Team把臺灣變成全世界高級車的中心，又積極的推動Cycling的新文化，把臺灣發展成一個自行車島，以臺灣為核心，轉動引領全世界自行車的市場。
在這裡我也期許我們臺大，也能夠以作惟一這樣子的理念，轉動引領世界，變成全世界最優秀人才培養的最佳搖籃。

未來的50年，臺灣將迎來前所未有最大的機運！所以臺灣是不是應該要脫離過去單純競爭的心態，而來積極的謀求長期的未來生存之道，或者更進一步要問自己：臺灣可以為世界貢獻些什麼？臺灣不應該只是消極的「根留臺灣」，而應該更主動積極的「放眼全球、立足亞太、深根臺灣」。

臺灣過去的50年，那是一個非常艱辛跟特別的階段。很慶幸的，臺灣在那個階段裡面，是屬於勝利的這一組。

現在是應該到了必須要了解過去、深入現在、策劃未來，這個重要關鍵的時刻。要如何的以宇宙格局的高度、以全球視野的廣度、以及歷史演進的長度，衡外情，量己力，來為臺灣重新的定位，重新畫一個正確的戰略、戰術、戰鬥的黃金三角形。讓臺灣能夠真正發揮自己的長處，能夠打造創新價值的優勢，成為惟一、做Only One！要能夠創造一個更安全、更廣闊、更興盛－全新的藍海。臺灣必須要成為世界的好公民，繼續的為全世界做更多、更好的貢獻！
2021的畢業生們，在你們當中有未來國家的領導人、有全球企業的創造者、有在社會各行各業、方方面面的核心人才，所以臺灣未來50年的未來，就掌握在你們手中了。

最後，我想用一位著名科學家的名言來作結尾： Life is like riding a bicycle. To keep your balance, you must keep moving. 人生就像騎自行車，要保持你平衡最好的方法，就是繼續不斷地向前進。

你知道這是誰的名言嗎？ 沒錯，就是愛因斯坦！

2021的畢業生們，請你騎上你人生的自行車，勇敢的向前邁進，去開創你獨一無二、精彩無比的新生命跟未來。再一次，恭喜你們，並且祝福你們每一位，將來都能夠有健康、幸福、精彩跟有意義的人生！
謝謝！

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President Kuan, Executive Vice President Luo, Distinguished guests, family, friends, and most importantly, the graduating class of 2021, good morning!

First of all, congratulations! Today, you are graduating from one of the best universities in the world – National Taiwan University!

Over the last few years, President Kuan led the university forward with his vision of “educational reform” and internationalization”. Together with all the faculty and students, NTU has made significant progress in both ranking and global visibility, making us, alumni, extremely proud.

I think we deserve to give ourselves a round of applause!

You are the graduating class of 2021 and already, you have set a new record for NTU: For the first time, there will not be a traditional graduation ceremony. Let this be a very special memory of your life and a sign of the difference you will make in your future with extraordinary achievements.

The world is now in a volatile state where the East and the West are confronting each other. The world’s economic activities are also greatly affected by the breakthrough and innovations in technology. The less-than-ideal and less-than fair globalization will gradually become global localization. And as a result of COVID-19, Taiwan and the rest of the world’s lifestyle, social structure, and economy have been disrupted, and must be comprehensively reorganized and restructured. This is certainly a crisis, but in the midst of every crisis, lies great opportunity. So, what lies before you are countless opportunities for innovation, and exciting new challenges.

Because, for the first time, Taiwan is standing with the rest of the world on a new race-track. Therefore, I would like to congratulate you, you are entering a new era full of hope.

I graduated from NTU in 1969. It has been more than 50 years and today, I would like to share some of my life experiences and insights.

When I graduated from college, I was filled with ambition. I couldn’t wait to make my mark. I joined one of the largest trading companies in Taiwan, where I quickly realized the only materials I learned in school that came in handy are a little bit of international trade practices and English. Much of what I had learned about business management would only be relevant 10 or 20 years down the road, if I was lucky enough to become a senior executive.

What’s even more ironic is that I graduated with a degree in business, but after working for 2 years, I realize I really don’t like being a businessman, and I don’t like doing business. What I am actually interested in is building an enterprise.

Fortunately, I chose to listen to the faint voice in my heart and decided to enter the bicycle industry. I left my position at the best trading company in Taipei to join a small company with only 38 employees in Dajia to pursue my dream.

At the time, many people thought I must’ve broken my skull and gone crazy, but looking back, I have made a great decision in my life.

The process of starting my own enterprise has been very difficult, but I have learned many valuable lessons. The first thing I learned is that before you can do anything else, you have to learn to be a person of good character.

We must be honest, down to earth, selfless, self-serving, and altruistic for the common good.

Be grateful, respectful and caring at all times. To love the world and to understand that one person’s ability is limited and that is necessary to build interpersonal relationships of mutual trust and support; to be part of a group and to play as a team.

When it comes to work, you must work hard with a positive attitude. And don’t be afraid to fail, be brave enough to accept new challenges. Because every time you fail, it just means you are one step closer to success. Learning is an active process. We learn by doing. We must stay open-minded and curious, aspiring to lifelong learning; to explore challenges and pursue excellence.

Here I would like to give everyone a special graduation gift, which are my two tips for success:
First, always put yourself in the customer’s shoes, regardless of what you’re doing or what kind of job title you hold. Think for them, think about what else you can do to create more value for the customers.

Second, regardless of what you’re doing or what kind of job title you hold, always think about the company from the proprietor’s point of view; what can we do to build a healthier company that’s sustainable.

Even if you are going to forget everything I say later, that’ ok. Just remember to take your graduation gift at heart, because these two tips on “empathy “are sure to bring you unexpected blessings in the future!

Later on, I realized that fame and money are merely byproducts. The real product is you, what kind of person you have become and what have you achieved. When the real product is identified, fame and money will come naturally.

So I encourage you, when you look for a job, don’t be too concerned about the starting salary and benefits. Because as a matter of fact, as a newcomer, it is very difficult to make a big contribution in the first three years, so really the company is paying to give you training instead. So choose a meaningful industry and find a good company where you can improve and grow, that’s what’s important.

Thirdly, I learned that knowledge is not the same as wisdom. All of you have learned a lot and have a lot of valuable knowledge, but this knowledge must be practiced in order to produce experience, and in the process of accumulation, there will be different experiences of reflection, learning and empathy, especially from failure, slowly and surely all these experiences will be condensed into useful wisdom.

My personal development can be divided into three stages. I began as a I-shaped person with some basic skills in business management. Later on, due to my job and curiosity, I gained respected experience in technology development, manufacturing, branding, global marketing, and service and thus gradually becoming a T-shape multidisciplinary professional.

However, when I combined the future mission and direction of the company with my life goals, promoting it enthusiastically and actively, that is when I finally became a X-shape transdisciplinary leader.

Once the company became more stable, I was faced with the challenge of planning the vision, mission, positioning, and long-term strategy for the company. At this stage, I had some new insights.

First, you must be able to draw a “golden triangle”, an equilateral triangle is the most stable shape with strategy on top, tactics in the middle, and operations at the bottom. In other words, the strategy is to do the right thing, the tactics is the using the right methods, and operations is using the right methods to excel on doing the right things while constantly improving them.

To develop long-term strategies, it is necessary to have insight.

I enjoy looking at the globe, yes, the spherical model of Earth that sits on a stand and can be rotated. When you rotate the globe, you can see every place and country on it, its geographical location, its natural ecology, and you can think about its historical evolution and development, so that you can come up with an overall comprehensive concept.

When thinking about long-term strategy, it is not easy to come up with a groundbreaking idea, because “men are often blind in their own cause”

Therefore, when I think about long-term strategy, I imagine myself as if I were looking at a rotating Earth from a man-made satellite. With the height of the universe, the breadth of global vision and the length of historical evolution, you will be able think about it from the perspective of an observer, and then you may have a breakthrough. This is how the strategy and vision of “GIANT for the World” and “glocalization” brand management came about.

Another kind of insight is how to introduce the products and services to create additional value to people. This requires standing at the crossroads of humanity and technology, observing their changes carefully, and then using technological advances to provide the best solutions for the potential needs of humanity in a timely manner. This is how GIANT’s Cycling World continues to introduce innovative values to its products.

We have also developed a special philosophy in our business, which is “don’t be the first one, be the only one”. There are so many people in the world, but no two people share the same fingerprints, making each person unique and one of a kind. God created each person with purpose and has gifted us with the abilities and elements needed for success. All of which is in your heart, waiting for you to take them. Therefore, we should not just follow each other’s footstep or live under the expectations of someone else. Instead, we should find and give reigns to our talents, to truly be ourselves, to become the only one and live a brilliant life.

The same applies to businesses, you can’t just go with the flow, we must find what is right and suitable and what is meaningful and contributive to the world, this is what it means to be the only one. When you strive for excellence and strive to be the only one, you will find the right goals and the value of sustainability. If you try to be first in everything, you may pursue many unrealistic goals and either be destroyed by unbearable pressure or resort to doing whatever it takes, and end up on the wrong path.

I have learned two important lessons in my long quest to be the “only one”. When you are determined to do the right thing and you are unyielding and persistent in your struggle, the power of the universe will rise up and help you. In addition, if you do something meaningful and do it well with the power of life, you may change the world.

I urge you to listen to the small voice deep within you and let it guide you to find your talents and understand your destiny.

Do not seek to be the first but to be the only. Be true to yourself and be the only one. Live your life to the fullest and enjoy your life to the fullest!

Many people say that growing up in Taiwan, you must complete three challenges in your lifetime: climb to the top of Jade Mountain, swim across Sun Moon Lake, and ride a bike around the island. I think this is very true. Therefore, I suggest that after graduation, before you go to the military or get a job, you might as well join a bicycle tour around the island and spend nine days to carefully experience and appreciate the beauty of Taiwan. As a graduation gift to yourself, let the tires kiss the beautiful land where you were born and raised.

All the professors and parents must be thinking in regret, “Ah! Too bad! I didn’t ride my bike around the island when I graduated and now I’m already in my 50s and 60s…” But that’s okay! You are actually at the perfect age to start your adventurous life.

Our President of NTU, President Kuan bravely completed his dream bike tour around the island in January this year. Let’s give President Kuan a round of applause!

Some people think that Taiwan is small and has no future. Every year, the World Economic Forum conducts a survey and ranking of the strength of countries around the world. Let’s take a look at Taiwan’s ranking. There are 235 countries in the world and we rank 137th in terms of landmass, 57th in terms of population, 21st in terms of economy, 11th in terms of overall competitiveness, and 4th in terms of innovation. It’s true that Taiwan is not big, but we are strong and we have a promising future.

In the foreseeable future there will become a new situation in which the United States, Europe and Asia will be the three focal regions. Just like three circles, each of which prioritizes its own interests and is in long-term competition, confrontation and resistance, but at the same time has to maintain some necessary links with each other. And in each circle, drastic changes will be endless, just like a storm circle. These three storm circles are linked together to form a so-called PERFECT STORM.

The Economist magazine recently featured Taiwan on its cover, calling it the most dangerous place on earth, but at the same time the most critical place for the technology industry. Personally, I think that Taiwan may be in the most favorable position in the future, right in the middle of the three storm circles, the eye of the typhoon, which is the center point where these three circles are connected. This place seems dangerous, but in fact it is the safest, most favorable, and most critical place.

When the three storm circles are inevitably involved in a long-term competition, confrontation, and boycott - a zero-sum game. Taiwan does not belong to any of these circles, nor does it need to participate in these competitions, confrontations, and boycotts. Instead, situated in this critical position, I should begin to think about what kind of innovative value I can provide to the world.

Taiwan's efforts over the past 50 years have accumulated many rare and valuable strengths in technology development, manufacturing management, financial capital, social resources, and the democratic rule of law system. If the world is our stage, Taiwanese people who are proficient in Chinese and English, who have a deep understanding of Eastern and Western cultures, who are professional, who can cross borders, who are humble but not inferior, and who are confident but not arrogant, may be the best talents in the world.

The future cannot be predicted, but it can be created! 30 years ago, who could have predicted that Taiwan would produce globally renowned TSMC and GIANT?
TSMC is committed to the concept of being the only one, and has built up its strengths with its global foundry strategy, creating a high-quality and efficient supply chain and turning Taiwan into a technology island. With Taiwan as the core, TSMC is leading the worldwide semiconductor market.

GIANT also upholds the concept of "Be the only one" and leads the A-Team to turn Taiwan into the center of the world's premium bikes with the brand strategy of globalization and localization, and actively promotes the new culture of cycling, developing Taiwan into a cycling island and leading the world's cycling market with Taiwan as the core.

Here I also hope that we, NTU, can also lead the world with the concept of being the only one, and become the best cradle for the cultivation of the best talents in the world.

In the next 50 years, Taiwan will have the greatest opportunity ever! Therefore, Taiwan should get rid of the simple competitive mentality of the past and actively seek the long-term survival of the future, or go even further and ask itself: What can Taiwan contribute to the world? Taiwan should not just "secure Taiwan" in a conservative way, but should be more proactive with global outlook and establish a foothold in the Asia Pacific.

The last 50 years, for Taiwan, has been very difficult and significant. Fortunately, Taiwan pulled through and came out as one of the winners.

Now is the crucial moment to understand the past, delve into the present, and plan for the future. We must take the height of the universe, the breadth of our global vision, and the length of historical evolution, weigh the external situation, and measure our own strengths to reposition Taiwan and draw the golden triangle of strategy, tactics, and operations. Taiwan should be able to give full play to its strengths, create innovative value, and become the only one! Taiwan must become a good citizen of the world and continue to make more and better contributions to the world!

Graduates of 2021, among you are the future leaders of the country, the creators of global enterprises, and the core talents in all walks of life, the future is in your hands.
Finally, I would like to conclude with a quote from a famous scientist: Life is like riding a bicycle. To keep your balance, you must keep moving.

Do you know who this quote belongs to? That's right, Einstein!

Graduates of 2021, please get ready for your life adventure, get on your bikes and peddle courageously forward to create your own unique and exciting future. Again, congratulations and best wishes to each and every one of you for a healthy, happy, and meaningful life!

Thank you!

詳見：
https://www.facebook.com/NTUCommencement/posts/2718162161807541

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#臺灣大學 #畢業典禮 #NTUCommencement2021 #貴賓致詞 #羅祥安

#tenjinbashisuji #tenjinbashisujishoppingstreet #天神橋筋 #天神橋筋商店街美食 #大阪必吃 #大阪必買 #

Hello大家好, 我叫阿Tsar, Hello, everyone

今日帶大家嚟到全日本最長的商店街,位於大阪的天神橋筋商店街 Today I will show u the longest shopping street in Japan, the Tenjinbashisuji shopping street in Osaka

香港的彌敦道全長是3.6公里,這裏1丁目至7丁目的長度是2.6公里， The total length of Nathan Road in HK is 3.6 km, here the length from section 1 to7 is 2.6 km

相等於三分之二的彌敦道那麼長啦, 來這裏吃、買、玩交通相當方便 which is 2/3 long of Nathan Rd, is quite convenient to come eat, buy, and play for transportation

因為由天神1至7町目，橫跨了三個地鐵站 Because there are 3 subway stations are crossed from Tenjin sections 1 to 7

分別是「南森町駅」、「扇町駅 」和「天神橋筋六町目駅」，

有多達800間店鋪，當中包括餐廳、藥妝、衣服、 U to 800 shops including restaurants, cosmeceuticals n clothes,

雜貨、土產、傳統老店、居酒屋等等，應有盡有， Groceries, traditional old shops n izakaya, etc.U name it,

最重要是什麼呢, 這裏的吃買玩是街坊價錢！ What most important is the food and drink here is charged very low!

如果你的行程逗留大阪不是那麼久, 我建議你來這條街 If your itinerary is not so long in Osaka, I suggest you come here

一次過可以滿足你三個願望, 以最平的價錢、最集中的時間，去享受旅遊大阪的真樂趣 It satisfies your 3 wishes in one go, n enjoy the true pleasure of traveling to Osaka at the most affordable price and most concentrated time

我在google map, cap了張圖, 看看這裏連住三個地鐵站附近的酒店 I captured a photo for budget hotels nearby

三、四百hkd一晚, 是現在這一刻的價錢 Around 3 to 400hkd per night for the price at this period

大家如果下次去大阪, 不想住心齋橋、梅田那麼嘈吵的地方 For your next visit to Osaka, if u don't want to live in a noisy area like Shinsaibashi or Umeda................
這裏都可以是一個幾好的選擇, 比較貼地、接近大阪人的平民生活 U can enjoy the civilian lifestyle of Osaka locals

由於這條街太長, 所以我今日會介紹這裏的2丁目同埋3丁目 Since this street is too long, I will introduce only sections 2 chome and 3 today

長度相等於你從金鐘頭行到去灣仔中間的距離啦 The length is equal to the distance from Admiralty to mid Wanchai

我會重點推介一些值得吃買玩這個段落的地方, I will focus on recommending some places worth eating, buying n playing ..

這裏還可以有免費wi-fi上網, 速度都不錯㗎, They have free speedy wi-fi Internet access

邊行邊打卡給你啲friend啦, 快啲跟我一齊行啦, Are u ready? U can selfie n share with friends along. Are u ready?

嚟到2丁目, 你一定不可以錯過這間人龍排隊小店 When u come to section 2, u shouldn't miss this long queue store

它就是鼎鼎大名的 『中村屋』可樂餅啦, It is the famous croquette,

剛剛炸好的可樂餅, 金黃酥脆，外酥內軟，炸得香氣撲鼻， The freshly fried croquette, golden crispy on the outside and soft on the inside n fragrant,

被稱為是全大阪最好食的可樂餅！ Known as the best croquette in Osaka!

日本一個好權威的飲食網頁Tabelog攞到3.51分 It scored 3.53 in an authoritative food webpage in Japan called Tabelog

通常如果攞到3.4分已經是好好食, 所以你可想而知啦 Usually it's already delicious if you hit 3.4 points, so you can imagine

為何Tabelog的可信性是好高呢, Why is Tabelog's credibility so high?

因為Tabelog的收入不來源於餐廳的廣告，Because Tabelog's income does not come from restaurant advertisements,

而是來源於給用戶的增值服務。 It comes from value-added services to users.

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這裏的烏龍麵出名滑溜又Q彈，吃的時候一定要加一些炸小魚乾 The udon here are famous for being smooth n chewy.

炸小魚乾可以讓烏龍麵多了一種風味， Deep-fried dried fish can add a flavor to the udon

看看這幾位姐姐, 可以尋回學生時代迷過的偶像呀 What are they searching? Maybe searching for their idols in their childhood

CD只賣200yen(14hkd)一隻, 可能有啲是絕版呢 The CD only sells 200yen (14hkd), maybe some are out-of-print

這裏有好幾間理髮店喎, 我建議男士可以嚟試下 There are several barber shops here, I suggest bros to try

大家知道否為何全世界的理髮店門前都有一條三色柱呢 Do u know why there is a tri-color column in front of barber shops all over the world?

在1789年, 法國爆發大革命, 有一位革命的領袖被人追捕 In 1789, the French Revolution broke out and a revolutionary leader was pursued

走了入一間理髮店, 店裏面的員工成功地為這一位領袖擺脫了他的敵人 He hid into a barber shop, the employees in the shop successfully got rid of his enemy for this leader

在法國大革命勝利之後, 為了表揚這位理髮店工人的貢獻和支持 After the victory of the French Revolution, in order to praise this barber shop worker for his contribution and support

這位領袖就在理髮店門前放一個玻璃圓筒 The leader put a glass column in front of the barber shop

裏面裝上象徵著法國國旗的紅白藍三色柱, 不停轉動 It is filled with red, white and blue in column that symbolize the French flag and keeps turning

其後世界各地的理髮店都紛紛裝上這個三色柱 Since then, barber shops around the world have installed this three-color column

作為招攬客人的裝飾, 一直沿用至今 As a decoration to attract customers, it has been used until today

來這裏鋸扒餐都是800幾yen, Tabalog3.28分都過得去啦 The steak meal here is 800 yen, Tabalog 3.28 is rated

行一行這間妝藥店先, Akaran.........

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3丁目裏面有一間.......
....到3丁目一定要是這一間鳴門鯛燒本舖鯛魚燒連鎖店 This taiyaki sea bream cake chain shop is a must to come.

外面的皮用頂級小麥製作，口感偏脆， The outer layer is made of top-grade wheat, super crispy

皮薄而香噴噴，內餡有北海道十胜紅豆、宇治金時番薯、 The out layer is thin and fragrant, filled with Hokkaido Tokachi red beans, Uji Jinshi sweet potatoes,

亦有紅豆和蕃薯嘅雪糕夾餅，在日本好多分店,而且相當出名。 There are also red bean and sweet potato ice cream sandwiches, which are well-known in Japan w/many branches.

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我的youtube頻道大阪自由行的播放清單 Pls visit the playlist of my youtube channel for osaka travel

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睇完影片記得留個表情符號以示支持呀 Leave an emoji to show your support

幫我分享訂閱和like,我們下一條片再傾過,拜拜 CLS n with that said until next time, 88.

請用片右下角調4K睇片。

#北海道自由行 #札幌二條市場 #二條市場交通 #北海道観光
Hello大家好, Hello, everyone.

歡迎大家陪我一齊去旅行, 好榮幸能夠成為你們的嚮導 Welcome to travel with me.I am honored to be your tour guide

參加阿Tsar旅遊是免費的, 只要大家享坐家中, 夜晚11點 The tour is free as long as your sit tight and watch at 11pm

就可以欣賞到北海道的美景和美食, 這個團亦不需要小費 U can enjoy the scenery n food of Hokkaido without any tipping

只要睇完影片, 留個表情符號, 就已經是最大的打賞 As long as you finish the video and leave an emoji, it is already the biggest reward

今日要介紹大家就是北海道特輯第一集, 札幌二條市場 Today I will present the first episode of the Hokkaido, Sapporo Nijo Market

築地為東京廚房、大阪有黑門市場、札幌就有二條市場做代表 Tsukiji is Tokyo Kitchen, Kuromon Market in Osaka, and Nijo Market in Sapporo

http://yt1.piee.pw/LESSU

札幌廚房起源於明治初期, 起初只是一排排的魚檔, The Sapporo kitchen originated in the early Meiji period.At first it was just rows of fish stalls.

發展至今，已經有好多餐廳、乾貨和生果售賣 Until now there have been many restaurants, dried goods and fruit sales.

二條市場最大的賣點, 就是地理位置方便 The biggest selling point of the Nijo markets is the convenient location

它在札幌狸小路一丁目對面, 片尾會講交通怎樣來 It's across the 1st street from Sapporo Tanukikoji, and at the end we will talk about how the transportation comes.

札幌狸小路附近的酒店, 由三百幾港元起都有交易 Hotels near Sapporo Tanukikoji, deals starting from HK $ 300

但是我就有一晚住在狸小路四丁目入面, But I stayed one night at 4th street of Tanukikoji

一間網吧過夜, 174HKD, 遲些會為大家介紹 I will introduce an internet cafe for 174HKD/night later

記得按通知制, 就可以第一時間看到我如何窮遊北海道喇 Remember to press the notification bell in order to see how I budget traveled in Hokkaido

說回二條市場, 有大約15間水產公司和魚店，販賣當日入貨最新鮮的海鮮。 Speaking of Nijo Market, there are about 15 aquatic companies and fish shops that sell the freshest seafood that day.

除了鮮魚之外，亦有好多店舖販賣乾貨和海產加工品。In addition to fresh fish, there are also many shops selling dry goods and processed seafood.

有好多店舖提供寄送服務, 當然是要附加費用啦。 There are many shops offering delivery services, of course at an additional cost

北海道有三大名蟹, 就是帝皇蟹、松葉蟹，以及毛蟹。There are 3 famous crabs in Hokkaido, namely emperor crab, Matsuba crab and hairy crab.

帝皇蟹又細分為鱈場蟹、棘蟹、花咲蟹與油蟹4種，King crab is further subdivided into 4 types: Red King Crab, spiny crab, flower crab and oil crab.

不過通常泛指身價最高的鱈場蟹。However, it usually refers to the most valuable Red King Crab.

鱈場蟹之所以特別矜貴，產量稀少固然是原因之一，One of the reasons why Red King crabs are so expensive and their production is scarce

同時也因為需時10年才會長至3公斤重，It takes 10 years to grow to 3 kg.

蟹肉特別結實，粗壯而肉質飽滿的蟹腳更是賣點，Crab meat is particularly strong, thick and plump crab legs are a selling point

而11月至2月正是當造期。有「蟹后」美譽的松葉蟹至為鮮甜嫩滑，The period from Nov to Feb is extreamly good. Matsuba crab, known as the "Crab Queen", is sweet and tender

無論是刺身, 抑或 配野菜和昆布煮成日式火鍋也鮮甜無比，Whether it's sashimi, or boiled Japanese hot pot with vegetables and kumbu

毛蟹係北海道獨有的海產，因全身長滿金黃色的細毛而得名，Hairy crabs with golden tiny hair are a seafood unique to Hokkaido.

每年12月至2月為最佳品嘗季節，雖然體形小， The best tasting season is from Dec to Feb every year.

一般只有約600克重，蟹肉也算不上豐厚，Generally it weighs about 600 grams, and crab meat is not considered rich.

但甘香滑溜的蟹膏卻幾乎布滿全身，濃郁蟹香亦是眾蟹之首，But the sweet and creamy crab paste almost covers the whole body, and the rich crab flavor is also extraordinary.

用來炮製火鍋、熬粥或蒸熟凍食一樣鮮味無窮，Used to make hot pot, porridge or steamed cold plate also excellent

加少許清酒拌勻同吃已非常可口。Add a little sake and tastes very delicious

至於在二條市場最出名的餐廳, 就是大磯的海鮮丼是必食之選 As for the most famous restaurant in Nijo Market, the seafood restaurant in Ohiso is a must-eat

「三色丼」可以吃到滿滿的海膽、鮭魚卵和鱈場蟹， Tri-don included full sea urchin, salmon roe and cod crab

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二條市場是遊客區, 但地點超級方便, Nijo Market is a tourist area, but the location is super convenient

交通就是由地鐵南北線‧東西線‧東豐線的大通站34號出口步行約5分鐘。Traffic is about 5 minutes walk from Exit 34 of Odori Station on the North-South Line, East-West Line, and Tōhō sen Line of the subway

狸小路相等於大阪心齋橋, 大家可以行完街再來這裏吃東西 Tanukikoji is equivalent to Osaka Shinsaibashi, everyone can come here after shopping

下一集我會帶大家去一間最多local人幫襯的中央魚市場 In the next episode, I will take you to a central fish market with a lot of local people.

我會在一間連古天樂、姜濤等明星去打卡的餐廳開餐 I will have dinner at a restaurant where celebrities also visited

抵食不用說, 仲要好好味, 阿Tsar旅遊團, 是標榜洗好少錢去享受生活 Cheap n good taste. Joinning Tsar's tour is touting a little money to enjoy life

記得睇完片留個表情符號以示支持, 我哋下一集再見,88。 Remember to leave an emoji to show support, I'll see you in the next episode, 88
請用片右下角調4K睇片。

購買實體專輯：
已完售，感謝大家的支持！

Follow Xiangyu on Twitter https://instagram.com/notXiangyu
Follow Ransom-Notes on Twitter https://twitter.com/ransom1992

0:00　星星之火　A Single Spark
2:52　延續和決裂　Continuity and Rupture
6:02　流言蜚語　Rumors and Slanders
8:56　夢　Dream
11:26　這不是請客吃飯　This Is Not a Dinner Party
14:50　社會主義還是人類滅絕　Socialism or Human Extinction

Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/album/5LXDWD9UWMinJpuGXfOHF9
Apple Music: https://music.apple.com/album/1475720641
KKBox: https://www.kkbox.com/tw/tc/album/Po-XjuEwvaj3s0F3XnGK009H-index.html
虾米音乐： https://www.xiami.com/album/5021315036

專輯介紹： https://tw.news.yahoo.com/%E5%98%BB%E5%93%88%E5%8F%8D%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B-%E9%8D%BE%E7%BF%94%E5%AE%87%E8%AA%AA%E5%94%B1%E6%98%9F%E6%98%9F%E4%B9%8B%E7%81%AB-063724380.html

繼 2018 年金音獎入圍的《炮打司令部》後，中文嘻哈界絕無僅有的共產主義饒舌歌手鍾翔宇與英國製作人 Ransom-Notes 馬不停蹄地聯手炮製出六首歌的新專輯《星星之火》，相較於上張專輯還有如〈保力達B〉、〈偶像的手冊〉等比較詼諧幽默的歌曲，這張專輯顯得更加嚴肅而深入的闡述自己的意識形態。

即使如此，這張專輯並沒有流於自我重複的說教，而是透過自己在美國成長過程親眼目睹的（台灣媒體跟好萊塢電影不告訴你的）具體事實，鍾翔宇戳破所謂的「美國夢」，一層一層爬梳嘻哈音樂如何失去最初的反抗精神、分析爭取勞動權益的困境甚至環保議題。很難想像這麼龐大的知識量被鍾翔宇精巧的放在一張不到 20 分鐘的專輯當中，這樣大膽的嘗試絕對值得你靜下心搭配歌詞細細玩味。搭配 Ransom-Notes 充滿黃金年代風格的編曲，讓嚴肅的歌詞不再難以下嚥。而鍾翔宇精心設計的多韻和不時的好笑 punchline，也展現他想讓歌曲直面普羅大眾的誠意。

批判美國的霸權和當今的社會經濟制度等於動搖了非常多人的基本信念，鍾翔宇也深知這一點。然而看到不公不義的事實而站出來發聲，這是讓鍾翔宇之所以愛上嘻哈的浪漫初衷。《星星之火》這張專輯就如同他的偶像，英國嘻哈詩人 Lowkey 的 “Soundtrack to the Struggle” 一樣，是貨真價實的革命之聲，所有真心想衝破世界當今所面對的困境的人，肯定能從鍾翔宇的音樂中得到啟發。


Shortly after his 2018 album "Bombard the Headquarters" was nominated best hip hop album by the Golden Indie Music Awards, Xiangyu, one of the few openly communist rappers in the Sinosphere, together with his comrade Ransom-Notes from the UK, began working on "a Single Spark." In comparison to his previous album, which contains comedic songs like "Paolyta B" and "the Idol's Handbook," "a Single Spark" takes on a more serious tone and delves deeper into Xiangyu's ideology.

Despite the comparatively somber tone, this new album avoids repetitive preaching. Through sharing his personal experiences and the things he saw growing up in the United States, Xiangyu debunks the so-called "American Dream." Using materialist dialectics, he tells us how hip hop has lost its rebellious essence, and also analyzes power dynamics and touches on topics such as the environment. It is difficult to imagine how Xiangyu and Ransom-Notes were able to condense such a vast expanse of knowledge into an album less than 20 minutes in length. You will not be disappointed should you decide to sit down and listen to such a bold album while studying the lyrics. Reminiscent of hip hop's golden age, Ransom-Notes' beatmaking provides the listener with the sugar that makes the pill easier to swallow. Xiangyu's carefully constructed rhymes and the occasional humorous punch line demonstrate his sincere attempt to make his agitprop more accessible to the layperson.

Criticizing US hegemony and the socioeconomic order of today is tantamount to shattering the fundamental beliefs of many, and Xiangyu is acutely aware of this. The fact that hip hop can serve as a platform for pointing out injustices is what attracted Xiangyu to the genre in the first place. "A Single Spark" is similar to "Soundtrack to the Struggle" by Lowkey, one of Xiangyu's influences, in the sense that it is truly revolutionary in content. Those who genuinely seek to transform the predicaments plaguing our world today will certainly find inspiration in Xiangyu's music.

作詞：鍾翔宇
編曲：Ransom-Notes
錄音：鍾翔宇
混音：鍾翔宇、Ransom-Notes
母帶後期製作：Glenn Schick
繪圖：Bijan Nader Sharifi

Lyrics by Xiangyu,
Beats by Ransom-Notes,
Recorded by Xiangyu,
Mixed by Xiangyu and Ransom-Notes
Mastered by Glenn Schick,
Artwork by Bijan Nader Sharifi.

#星星之火 #鍾翔宇 #aSingleSpark