【10,000 篇 Biz Emails、學術寫作的體悟:提升英語寫作力,9成台灣學生還差這 3 件事。。。】
在批改台灣學生超過 10,000 篇的不管是「商業書信」、「學術寫作」、還是「檢定考試」的議論文寫作之後,我發現我們最常碰到的寫作問題為:
1️⃣ 賓大華頓商學院教授 Adam Grant 曾經說過:Unclear writing implies unclear thinking. 如果我們中文也說得不清楚或不合邏輯,英文寫作當然反映的只是整體寫作表達的問題。很多時候在編修文章時,不要 bark up the wrong tree (怪到錯的源頭)。問題可能不是英文,很多時候是我們根本還沒想好、理好思緒。
例(a):我們在敘述的是 phenomenon (現象)、problem (問題)、issue (議題)、dilemma (兩難)、controversy (爭議)、observation (觀察)、還是 situation (狀況)? 每個詞彙所代表的意涵不同,不是隨便挑一個用即可。
例(b): They complained about the service. 跟 They complained about the bad service. 哪句話邏輯較合理呢?
2️⃣ 英文寫作的過程,不是只是把想要說的話用字堆砌出來。想到哪,就寫到哪。英文的每一個字很多候都有相對應要求的文法規範或詞語搭配規範,一定要也符合。不注意這些規範,會讓讀我們寫作的人,讀得很辛苦才能找到要點。
(Before) He committed to find the cure about the disease.
(After) He has committed himself to finding the cure for the disease.
✔︎ 只是小小的調整,但有大大的差異。
3️⃣ 寫作不是把一句話一句話中翻英出來,更是「一句話提供條件給下一句話的過程」。如何讓句跟句之間有文意、邏輯緊密度,從1句發展到2句、2句發展到5句、從1段到1頁,從1頁到1份,才是寫作的過程 (不然只是ㄧ句沒有上下文的中翻英)。
在寫作時我們常常要問自己:我上句跟下句之間,有沒有缺什麼要銜接的內容。這樣的內容可能是:
✔︎ more precisely, (更確切地)
✔︎ more specifically, (更細地說)
✔︎ Importantly, (特別重要、值得強調地)
✔︎ In other words, (也就是說)
✔︎ Under these circumstances, (在這樣的狀況之下)
✔︎ Against this backdrop, (在這樣的背景之下)
有時缺的甚至是:
✔︎ To overcome this limitation...(為了克服這樣的限制)
✔︎ In light of the urgent need, (有鑒於這樣的急迫需求)
✔︎ In response to the request, (為了因應這樣的要求)
✔︎ Because of the aforementioned policy, (因為前述的政策)
✔︎ In meeting this requirement, (在符合這樣的需求之中)
要真的「從閱讀當中,學習寫作技巧」,40 年科學研究顯示,「窄式閱讀」(大量閱讀同一主題的文章、書) 比廣泛閱讀 (大量閱讀不同主題的文章) 還要更有效 (Ellis, 2008; Han, 2010; Park, 2014).
在我的線上課程當中,我會帶你學習「窄式學習」的方法。讓你今後學習英文不再受限於教材、媒介 (what),因為你已變成一個知道「怎麼學」(how) 的終極學習者!
✔︎ 全球唯一,窄式學習線上課程連結:https://bit.ly/3dzs608 (限時6折)
同時也有10000部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過2,910的網紅コバにゃんチャンネル,也在其Youtube影片中提到,...
「in urgent need of中文」的推薦目錄:
- 關於in urgent need of中文 在 Alexander Wang 王梓沅英文 Facebook 的最佳解答
- 關於in urgent need of中文 在 赤米 Nereus Facebook 的最佳貼文
- 關於in urgent need of中文 在 Queenie Chan 莉敏 Facebook 的最佳解答
- 關於in urgent need of中文 在 コバにゃんチャンネル Youtube 的精選貼文
- 關於in urgent need of中文 在 大象中醫 Youtube 的最讚貼文
- 關於in urgent need of中文 在 大象中醫 Youtube 的最佳貼文
- 關於in urgent need of中文 在 in urgent中文的評價費用和推薦,FACEBOOK、DCARD 的評價
- 關於in urgent need of中文 在 in urgent中文的評價費用和推薦,FACEBOOK、DCARD 的評價
- 關於in urgent need of中文 在 英文單字筆記粉絲團- 中文說"緊急的"是一種形容詞說法 的評價
in urgent need of中文 在 赤米 Nereus Facebook 的最佳貼文
希望大家可以幫吓可仁啦😢 我希望個個小朋友都可以健康快樂咁成長,可以一齊去公園玩
【最新消息:募捐行動已於2018年12月3日結束】中大校友慈善基金感謝各界慷慨支持,募捐行動已結束。所得善款將支持張可仁及患上相類疾病需免疫治療的其他6位病童。
詳情請參閱中大校友慈善基金網頁:https://www.facebook.com/cuhkacf.org/posts/589827338133781
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(2018/11/22)
中大醫學院向大家作出緊急呼籲,支持我們2000年的醫科畢業生張俊傑醫生,拯救他只有17個月大的兒子張可仁的性命。
可仁早於出生第4天時已被診斷罹患一種罕有心臟病「主動脈狹窄」(Coarctation of Aorta),需要接受緊急手術。極之不幸的是,可仁最近再被確診患上「第四期神經母腫瘤」(Stage IV Neuroblastoma),目前可仁的頭骨至腰椎和盆骨均受到癌細胞擴散,脊髓神經線受到癌細胞壓住,痛楚非常,並有癱瘓的危機,癌細胞更正轉移至骨髓。
可仁現時正住在威爾斯親王醫院兒童癌症中心隔離病房,極容易受到感染。他已開始接受化療,而治療方案將包括化療、手術、放射治療、骨髓移植、免疫治療,治療時間約一年至一年半。他完成化療、手術和放射治療後,會進行骨髓移植,之後需要免疫療法,這可大大提高存活率,由20%升至50%。
然而,免疫治療需要病人自費,所需費用高達港幣200萬元。張醫生另一兒子患有自閉症,太太辭掉小學主任一職,全職照顧兩位小朋友,並要照顧父母親,經濟上未能承擔高昂的醫療費用。
中大醫學院2000年畢業同學會發起是次籌款,目的包括:
1. 為可仁進行骨髓移植後的免疫治療;
2. 引發社會人士及政府對兒童罕有癌症治療的關注。
查詢:
香港中文大學校友慈善基金
電郵:info@cuhkacf.org
電話:2180 4316
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
【Fundraising Campaign Completed on 3 December 2018】According to CUHK Alumni Charity Foundation, the fundraising campaign for Mark CHEUNG Ho Yan has completed. The fund raised will be used to support the immunotherapy of Mark and 6 other patients who are suffered from the same disease. Thank you for all your kind-hearted support and generosity.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(2018/11/22)
This is an urgent appeal for your generosity to save the life of the 17-month-old son of Dr. CHEUNG Chun Kit, our medical alumnus of Class 2000.
Dr. Cheung Chun Kit is a CUHK medical graduate of Year 2000. His younger son, Cheung Ho Yan Mark, has recently been diagnosed to have Stage IV Neuroblastoma in November 2018, and is in an emergency need of donation to provide the necessary funding to support the life-saving yet expensive immunotherapy.
Mark was presented to his paediatrician for fever and cough in late October 2018. His cough resolved with treatment but his fever never completely went away. Two days prior to his diagnosis, Mark was more clingy than usual and did not like to walk. On a video clip, Mark was noted to have foot drop, a very significant red flag which may indicate a compression on the spinal cord. Emergency scans were immediately performed that night, and Mark was found to have a large tumour on the left side of his abdomen. The aggressive tumour had already spread silently to the back of his skull, his spine, his hips and had compressed his nerves which control his lower limbs, resulting in pain on standing and difficulty in walking. Mark is facing an imminent risk of paralysis.
Mark is diagnosed to have a rare childhood cancer which is called Stage IV neuroblastoma, a cancer which typically presents at late stage because it arises deep in the abdomen. To cure his aggressive cancer, Mark needs to survive through rounds of intensive chemotherapy, radiotherapy, surgery, bone marrow transplant, and finally, immunotherapy. The whole treatment duration lasts 1.5 to 2 years. To completely eradicate all cancer cells, immunotherapy will be needed to boost Mark’s survival from 20% to 50%. However, immunotherapy is a self-financed treatment in the public hospital and the treatment costs could be up to 2 million.
Such close encounter with death is not the first time for Mark. At the first week of life, Mark was diagnosed to have a rare heart problem called “Coarctation of Aorta”. Mark had received life-saving surgery to reestablish the blood flow across his aorta, the major blood vessel that allows blood to go from the heart to the brain and the rest of the body. In a report published in 2002, only 67 cases with dual heart condition and neuroblastoma were reported, giving an odd of 1 in 100 million for a child to be hit by these two rare diseases. Scientists have not yet completely understood the mechanisms that may cause the two conditions to appear in a single child.
It never rains but pours that Mark’s elder brother, now 5 years old, was diagnosed to have autism at around age 2. To enable the elder brother to have intensive training to improve his outcome and development, Mark’s mommy quit her job as a primary school teacher since the diagnosis of autism was made for his elder brother. Dr. Cheung, who is a medical doctor for the elderly, became the sole bread-winner of his family.
CUHK Medical Graduates of Year 2000 have initiated a fund-raising campaign for Mark and his family with the following two objectives:
1. To appeal for donation to support the costs of immunotherapy for Mark
2. To increase the public awareness on the grave needs of children with cancers
Enquiries:
CUHK Alumni Charity Foundation Limited
Email: info@cuhkacf.org
Telephone: 2180 4316
in urgent need of中文 在 Queenie Chan 莉敏 Facebook 的最佳解答
🙏🏻🙏🏻🙏🏻
【最新消息:募捐行動已於2018年12月3日結束】中大校友慈善基金感謝各界慷慨支持,募捐行動已結束。所得善款將支持張可仁及患上相類疾病需免疫治療的其他6位病童。
詳情請參閱中大校友慈善基金網頁:https://www.facebook.com/cuhkacf.org/posts/589827338133781
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(2018/11/22)
中大醫學院向大家作出緊急呼籲,支持我們2000年的醫科畢業生張俊傑醫生,拯救他只有17個月大的兒子張可仁的性命。
可仁早於出生第4天時已被診斷罹患一種罕有心臟病「主動脈狹窄」(Coarctation of Aorta),需要接受緊急手術。極之不幸的是,可仁最近再被確診患上「第四期神經母腫瘤」(Stage IV Neuroblastoma),目前可仁的頭骨至腰椎和盆骨均受到癌細胞擴散,脊髓神經線受到癌細胞壓住,痛楚非常,並有癱瘓的危機,癌細胞更正轉移至骨髓。
可仁現時正住在威爾斯親王醫院兒童癌症中心隔離病房,極容易受到感染。他已開始接受化療,而治療方案將包括化療、手術、放射治療、骨髓移植、免疫治療,治療時間約一年至一年半。他完成化療、手術和放射治療後,會進行骨髓移植,之後需要免疫療法,這可大大提高存活率,由20%升至50%。
然而,免疫治療需要病人自費,所需費用高達港幣200萬元。張醫生另一兒子患有自閉症,太太辭掉小學主任一職,全職照顧兩位小朋友,並要照顧父母親,經濟上未能承擔高昂的醫療費用。
中大醫學院2000年畢業同學會發起是次籌款,目的包括:
1. 為可仁進行骨髓移植後的免疫治療;
2. 引發社會人士及政府對兒童罕有癌症治療的關注。
查詢:
香港中文大學校友慈善基金
電郵:info@cuhkacf.org
電話:2180 4316
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
【Fundraising Campaign Completed on 3 December 2018】According to CUHK Alumni Charity Foundation, the fundraising campaign for Mark CHEUNG Ho Yan has completed. The fund raised will be used to support the immunotherapy of Mark and 6 other patients who are suffered from the same disease. Thank you for all your kind-hearted support and generosity.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(2018/11/22)
This is an urgent appeal for your generosity to save the life of the 17-month-old son of Dr. CHEUNG Chun Kit, our medical alumnus of Class 2000.
Dr. Cheung Chun Kit is a CUHK medical graduate of Year 2000. His younger son, Cheung Ho Yan Mark, has recently been diagnosed to have Stage IV Neuroblastoma in November 2018, and is in an emergency need of donation to provide the necessary funding to support the life-saving yet expensive immunotherapy.
Mark was presented to his paediatrician for fever and cough in late October 2018. His cough resolved with treatment but his fever never completely went away. Two days prior to his diagnosis, Mark was more clingy than usual and did not like to walk. On a video clip, Mark was noted to have foot drop, a very significant red flag which may indicate a compression on the spinal cord. Emergency scans were immediately performed that night, and Mark was found to have a large tumour on the left side of his abdomen. The aggressive tumour had already spread silently to the back of his skull, his spine, his hips and had compressed his nerves which control his lower limbs, resulting in pain on standing and difficulty in walking. Mark is facing an imminent risk of paralysis.
Mark is diagnosed to have a rare childhood cancer which is called Stage IV neuroblastoma, a cancer which typically presents at late stage because it arises deep in the abdomen. To cure his aggressive cancer, Mark needs to survive through rounds of intensive chemotherapy, radiotherapy, surgery, bone marrow transplant, and finally, immunotherapy. The whole treatment duration lasts 1.5 to 2 years. To completely eradicate all cancer cells, immunotherapy will be needed to boost Mark’s survival from 20% to 50%. However, immunotherapy is a self-financed treatment in the public hospital and the treatment costs could be up to 2 million.
Such close encounter with death is not the first time for Mark. At the first week of life, Mark was diagnosed to have a rare heart problem called “Coarctation of Aorta”. Mark had received life-saving surgery to reestablish the blood flow across his aorta, the major blood vessel that allows blood to go from the heart to the brain and the rest of the body. In a report published in 2002, only 67 cases with dual heart condition and neuroblastoma were reported, giving an odd of 1 in 100 million for a child to be hit by these two rare diseases. Scientists have not yet completely understood the mechanisms that may cause the two conditions to appear in a single child.
It never rains but pours that Mark’s elder brother, now 5 years old, was diagnosed to have autism at around age 2. To enable the elder brother to have intensive training to improve his outcome and development, Mark’s mommy quit her job as a primary school teacher since the diagnosis of autism was made for his elder brother. Dr. Cheung, who is a medical doctor for the elderly, became the sole bread-winner of his family.
CUHK Medical Graduates of Year 2000 have initiated a fund-raising campaign for Mark and his family with the following two objectives:
1. To appeal for donation to support the costs of immunotherapy for Mark
2. To increase the public awareness on the grave needs of children with cancers
Enquiries:
CUHK Alumni Charity Foundation Limited
Email: info@cuhkacf.org
Telephone: 2180 4316
in urgent need of中文 在 英文單字筆記粉絲團- 中文說"緊急的"是一種形容詞說法 的推薦與評價
中文 說"緊急的"是一種形容詞說法,英文通常用urgent 這個單字來表示,例如緊急需求英文是urgent need,另外,如果常看好萊塢電影應該有聽過It's emergency. ... <看更多>