【關於相似字、同類字--以「烤」為例】#翻譯工作心得
最近正在翻譯一本飲食相關的書,書中出現許多有關「烤」的動詞,主要出現的有:bake、toast、roast、grill和broil。這些字都不會太難,但是究竟有何差別呢?每個字會存在,必定是與其他詞彙有相異點。這篇就來帶大家認識這五個動詞,並談談翻譯時所使用的策略。
要正確認識相似字,除了查字典外(而且一定要是英英字典),個人還會利用「語料庫」。語料庫簡單來說,就是一種蒐集某一語言的資料,有點類似語言的搜尋引擎,只要輸入某一字詞,就會出現該字曾經使用於某些文本中的真實語境。這些文本通常是具有權威性的報章雜誌期刊,像是紐約時報。透過語料庫的搜尋結果,可以知道某個字通常是怎麼使用在現實生活中的。
首先,讓我們來看看這五個動詞在著名的韋氏英英字典中個別的意思(例句取自奇摩字典):
bake - to make (food, such as bread and cake) by preparing a dough, batter, etc., and cooking it in an oven using dry heat
EX: We bake bread and cake in an oven.
toast - to make (as bread) crisp, hot, and brown by heat
EX: She toasted bread for breakfast.
roast - to cook (food such as chicken, potatoes, or beef) with dry heat in an oven or over a fire
EX: He roasted a chicken for dinner.
grill - to cook (food) on a metal frame over fire
EX: Grill the burgers for eight minutes each side.
broil - to cook by direct exposure to radiant heat
EX: They broiled a turkey over charcoal.
接著,試著用知名語料庫COCA (Corpus of Contemporary American English) 搜尋這些動詞,並各舉出搜尋結果的三個例子:
bake -
1. Grate fresh ginger (dried may not be as potent) into stir-fries or even bake it into cookies.
2. Defrost frozen spinach in a casserole dish, top with shredded Parmesan, and bake at 350 degrees until the top is golden brown.
3. Bake peppers until breadcrumbs are golden, about 10 minutes.
toast -
1. Brush baguette slices on both sides with olive oil; toast bread until golden, then flip and repeat.
2. Toast the bread until golden.
3. HEAT oil in small nonstick skillet over medium heat. Add mustard seeds, curry powder, and cumin. Toast, stirring, until fragrant, about 2 minutes.
roast -
1. Roast peppers directly under broiler or over an open flame, turning frequently until blistered and blackened on all sides, 6 to 8 minutes.
2. Roast until bacon is crisp, 15 to 20 minutes, stirring halfway through to break up any clumps.
3. Roast chicken until skin is golden brown and an instant-read thermometer reaches 167F when inserted into thickest part of thigh, 50 to 60 minutes.
grill -
1. Brush one side of each pizza with 1 tablespoon olive oil, season with salt and pepper, and grill with oiled side facedown on grates for 9 minutes.
2. That's why I grill lamb, usually a butterflied leg.
3. Grill or broil the meat 6 to 7 minutes, and then freeze the cooked beef for 5 minutes so you can slice it thinly with ease.
broil -
1. Arrange the sliced meat on a baking sheet, top with the vegetables, and add a few thin shavings of Gruyere cheese on top. Broil 1 minute.
2. Season fish with salt and pepper. Arrange in single layer on sheet pan lined with nonstick foil. Broil until cooked through, about 6 minutes.
3. Slice zucchini lengthwise into 1/8 " -to 1/4 " -thick slices with mandoline or sharp knife. Working in batches, arrange slices in single layer on prepared pans and coat tops with spray. Broil 6 " from heat until golden, 5 minutes.
最後,參考「母語人士」的說法,也是很可靠的。以下說法來自某位網友,當然,這只是其中一個我找到的:
bake - In the case of cakes or casseroles the food fills the pan so that you get even cooking but the food does not dry out. Also used as a general term for cooking almost anything in the oven.
toast - Generally the heat is both top and bottom (or side to side in a toaster) and it is a dry cooking method with a food that has little moisture, bread for example.
roast - Higher temperature with the intent to caramelize the outer portion of the food to bring out flavor. An example of this would be roasting a piece of meat, or vegetables. The pan is large enough to allow heat to reach most sides of the food that is being cooked.
grill - The heat comes from the bottom to cook the food.
broil - The heat comes from the top to cook the food.
綜合以上,可以發現這五個動詞在「處理食材」、「烹調時間」、「使用器具」等面向差異甚大,歸納如下:
bake - 食材通常是麵糰,用來烤麵包、糕點、餅乾等,但也可以指魚肉、燉菜、馬鈴薯等多種食物;烹調時間長;使用器具為烤箱。
toast - 食材通常是水份極少的麵包(如法國長棍麵包、吐司);烹調時間通常較短;使用器具基本上為烤麵包機;此外,這個動詞最終目的是將食材烤至金黃、酥脆。
roast - 食材通常是雞、豬、牛等,以一大塊肉或整隻動物的形式,也可指馬鈴薯、花生、栗子、咖啡豆、堅果類包覆在鋁箔中;烹調時間較長、溫度較高;使用器具為烤箱或炭火;若指肉類,最終目的是將食材烤至金黃、酥脆。
grill - 食材不拘;烹調時間較broil長;使用器具為烤箱或烤架,尤其是指放於鐵網上烤;熱源來自下方。
broil - 食材不拘;烹調時間很短;使用器具為烤箱,需先預熱;熱源來自上方,溫度極高,十分接近食材,以快速烤熟食物為目的,烤箱門通常打開來烤。
就算了解這些動詞的差別,中文不都是「烤」嗎?那麼譯者該如何處理呢?
我的想法是:若上下文已經點出「處理食材」、「烹調時間」、「使用器具」等區別這些動詞的面向,使讀者一看前後文就知道這道食譜要用哪一種方式烤,這個時候可以直接翻成「烤」就好,多加解釋反而累贅。
另外,可在「烤」字前面加上輔助字,描述烤的方式。例如:bake譯成「烘烤」、roast為「火烤」、grill為「燒烤」、broil為「炙烤」等。
如果以上兩種方式都不適用,且非得確實點明烤的方式、否則影響文意時,再多做解釋、區分差異。
同時也有12部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過71萬的網紅VOGUE Taiwan,也在其Youtube影片中提到,#好家在我在家 #宅料理 一次買太多馬鈴薯怎麼辦?薯泥、薯餅、薯球這樣做最好吃 超好上手蛋糕抹面、擠花教學►► https://smarturl.it/pm2erm #馬鈴薯 #炸薯條 #療癒廚房 0:00 Introduction 0:30 Raw Potato 生馬鈴薯 0:58 Juice...
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instant food中文 在 VOGUE Taiwan Youtube 的最讚貼文
#好家在我在家 #宅料理
一次買太多馬鈴薯怎麼辦?薯泥、薯餅、薯球這樣做最好吃
超好上手蛋糕抹面、擠花教學►► https://smarturl.it/pm2erm
#馬鈴薯 #炸薯條 #療癒廚房
0:00 Introduction
0:30 Raw Potato 生馬鈴薯
0:58 Juiced Potato 馬鈴薯汁
1:23 Baked Potato 烤馬鈴薯
1:57 Twice Baked Potato 二次烘烤馬鈴薯
2:33 Salt-Baked Potato 鹽烤馬鈴薯
3:03 Roasted Potato 切塊的烤馬鈴薯
3:32 Boiled and Roasted Potato 水煮過的切塊烤馬鈴薯
4:05 Scalloped Potato 片烤馬鈴薯
4:35 En Papillote Potato 紙包馬鈴薯
5:08 Hasselback Potato 手風琴馬鈴薯
5:38 Steamed Potato 蒸馬鈴薯
5:54 Ironed (Foil Pack) Potato 燙馬鈴薯
6:08 Instant Pot Potato 壓力鍋馬鈴薯
6:26 Boiled Potato (Boiled, Cold, and Cubed) 水煮馬鈴薯
8:05 Hand Mashed Potato 手工搗碎馬鈴薯泥
8:52 Riced Mashed Potato 米糊狀的馬鈴薯泥
9:23 Stand Mixer Potato 桌上型攪拌機馬鈴薯泥
9:48 Food Processor Potato 食物調理機馬鈴薯泥
10:22 Pommes Purée Potato 法式薯泥
11:00 Duchess Potato 公爵夫人馬鈴薯
11:31 Microwaved Potato 微波馬鈴薯
12:02 Pocket Potato 口袋馬鈴薯
12:39 Pickled Potato 醃漬馬鈴薯
13:13 Fried Potato 炸馬鈴薯
13:57 Once Fried French Fries 油炸一次的薯條
14:58 Twice Fried French Fries 油炸兩次的薯條
15:30 Frozen French Fries 冷凍薯條
16:11 Tater Tots 炸薯球
16:47 Potato Chips 馬鈴薯片
17:15 Pommes Soufllés 中空氣球薯片
17:50 Pan Fried (Smashed) Potato 平底鍋炸壓扁馬鈴薯
18:20 Home (1.0) Fries 香煎馬鈴薯1.0
18:50 Home (2.0) Fries 香煎馬鈴薯2.0
19:17 Hash Browns 薯餅
19:47 Pommes Anna Potato 安娜薯片
20:24 Stir Fry Potato 炒馬鈴薯絲
21:02 Dehydrated Potato 脫水馬鈴薯
21:20 George Foreman Potato 電烤爐馬鈴薯
21:38 Waffle Iron Potato 鬆餅機馬鈴薯
21:59 Rotisserie Potato 電轉烤肉架馬鈴薯
22:28 Sous-Vide Potato 舒肥馬鈴薯
23:09 Dishwasher Potato 洗碗機馬鈴薯
23:43 Rollie Potato Rollie蛋捲機馬鈴薯
24:16 Slow Cooker Potato 慢燉鍋馬鈴薯
24:43 Air-Fried Potato 氣炸馬鈴薯
25:15 Air-Fried French Fries 氣炸薯條
25:44 Grilled Potato (4 ways) 燒烤馬鈴薯
26:55 Potato On A Stick 馬鈴薯插在樹枝上
27:35 Coal Roasted Potato (3 ways) 炭烤馬鈴薯
28:46 Cast Iron Potato 鑄鐵鍋馬鈴薯
29:24 Smoked Potato 煙燻馬鈴薯
29:56 Blowtorched Potato 噴槍馬鈴薯
30:22 Car Engine Potato 車引擎料理馬鈴薯
30:51 Electrocuted Potato 電擊馬鈴薯
32:01 Electrocuted (Pickled) Potato 電擊醃製馬鈴薯
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※台灣VOGUE隸屬Condé Nast Interculture Group,相關國外影片皆由國外授權提供給台灣使用,台灣VOGUE秉持服務網友,讓更多中文語系觀眾可以看到國際影片跟中文字幕,所以在此頻道分享給大家,如果喜歡我們的頻道,請訂閱我們,我們將會持續努力帶來更多優質內容。
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instant food中文 在 Spice N' Pans Youtube 的精選貼文
You can cook this super easy Chinese Herbal Chicken dish in 15 minutes! Instead of eating instant noodles for lunch, give this a try. Feel free to throw in some vegetables to make this dish even more wholesome. Add a sunny side up to complete the meal.
中文版视频 https://youtu.be/lm_WiwhHY84
See the ingredient list below for your easy reference.
Hope you can recreate this yummy dish in the comfort of your home. Thanks for dropping by our channel.
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Ingredients:
Serves 3 - 4 pax
-------
Marinated chicken
+++++
400g boneless chicken thigh meat (remove skin & cut into bite size pieces)
1 tablespoon light soy sauce
1 tablespoon Chinese cooking wine (Shaoxing Huatiao wine)
A few dashes of white pepper
1 tablespoon of cornflour
+++++
Other ingredients
+++++
500ml water
20g yu zhu (Chinese herb)
5g angelica root (dang gui) (Chinese herb)
2 tablespoons oyster sauce
1/2 tablespoon dark soy sauce
1/2 teaspoon sugar
1 stalk spring onion
10g wolf berries (Chinese herb)
2 tablespoons of Chinese cooking wine (Shaoxing Huatiao wine)
===
If you like this recipe, you might like these too:
One Pot Chicken & Mushroom Rice 香菇鸡饭 Stove Top Cast Iron One Pot Chinese Meal
https://youtu.be/GdFc-4UqPWg
Rice Cooker Fragrant Cabbage Rice Recipe 咸饭 Kiam Pung • Chinese Rice Recipe
https://youtu.be/sbQKydkSVKA
Super Easy (Rice Cooker) Yam Rice w/ Chicken & Mushrooms 香菇鸡肉芋头饭
https://youtu.be/gNo1MrMVNjQ
Disclaimer:
Spice N' Pans is not related to these products and cannot guarantee the quality of the products in the links provided. Links are provided here for your convenience. We can only stand by the brands of the products we used in the video and we highly recommend you to buy them. Even then, preference can be subjective. Please buy at your own risk. Some of the links provided here may be affiliated. These links are important as they help to fund this channel so that we can continue to give you more recipes. Cheers!
![post-title](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/n2xaI_OVuUM/hqdefault.jpg)
instant food中文 在 韓國餐桌 lazy Korean cooking Youtube 的最讚貼文
How to make Jjapaguri (Ram-don) in 1 minute!
I followed the official recipe from the noodle company Nongshim.
Since I saw the news that Parasite won Best picture at the Oscars, I have had a craving for Jjapaguri (Ram-don). Jjapaguri is made with two types of Korean instant noodles, Chapagetti + Neoguri. Both noodles have been around for years, steady best sellers in Korea. Chapagetti is an instant noodles mixed with black bean sauce which has a sweet and salty taste. Neoguri is noodle soup with spicy seafood taste.
At the movie, they mixed it with small pieces of steak.
YOU WILL NEED:
Chapagetti
Neoguri
水 1,100 ml
Steak meat (optional)
你需要:
農心'炸醬麵 1個
浣熊面 1個
水 1,100 ml
牛排(可選)
*************************************************************
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我是以前住在台北的韓國人。
我希望分享簡單容易的韓國料理食譜。
當兩個小朋友的媽媽,總是不容易花長的時間做菜,
可是每餐我都要吃美食,呵呵。 跟著容易的食譜做,
只需一點努力,一下子就可以完成。
歡迎來訂閱我的Youtube 韓國餐桌頻道lazy Korean cooking,
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http://hanguoliaoli.pixnet.net/blog
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www.facebook.com/pages/在台北的韓國餐桌/574161586045904
![post-title](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/S3gWFLGzVS0/hqdefault.jpg)
instant food中文 在 instant food中文2022-精選在臉書/Facebook/Dcard上的焦點 ... 的推薦與評價
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instant food中文 在 Fast Food Names in English and Chinese with Pictures 的推薦與評價
![影片讀取中](/images/youtube.png)
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instant food中文 在 instant food中文2022-精選在臉書/Facebook/Dcard上的焦點 ... 的推薦與評價
instant food中文 2022-精選在臉書/Facebook/Dcard上的焦點新聞和熱門話題資訊,找instant food中文,instant food中文,instant noodles中文,instant ... ... <看更多>