Jenna Cody :
Is Taiwan a real China?
No, and with the exception of a few intervening decades - here’s the part that’ll surprise you - it never has been.
This’ll blow your mind too: that it never has been doesn’t matter.
So let’s start with what doesn’t actually matter.
Until the 1600s, Taiwan was indigenous. Indigenous Taiwanese are not Chinese, they’re Austronesian. Then it was a Dutch colony (note: I do not say “it was Dutch”, I say it was a Dutch colony). Then it was taken over by Ming loyalists at the end of the Ming dynasty (the Ming loyalists were breakaways, not a part of the new Qing court. Any overlap in Ming rule and Ming loyalist conquest of Taiwan was so brief as to be inconsequential).
Only then, in the late 1600s, was it taken over by the Chinese (Qing). But here’s the thing, it was more like a colony of the Qing, treated as - to use Emma Teng’s wording in Taiwan’s Imagined Geography - a barrier or barricade keeping the ‘real’ Qing China safe. In fact, the Qing didn’t even want Taiwan at first, the emperor called it “a ball of mud beyond the pale of civilization”. Prior to that, and to a great extent at that time, there was no concept on the part of China that Taiwan was Chinese, even though Chinese immigrants began moving to Taiwan under Dutch colonial rule (mostly encouraged by the Dutch, to work as laborers). When the Spanish landed in the north of Taiwan, it was the Dutch, not the Chinese, who kicked them out.
Under Qing colonial rule - and yes, I am choosing my words carefully - China only controlled the Western half of Taiwan. They didn’t even have maps for the eastern half. That’s how uninterested in it they were. I can’t say that the Qing controlled “Taiwan”, they only had power over part of it.
Note that the Qing were Manchu, which at the time of their conquest had not been a part of China: China itself essentially became a Manchu imperial holding, and Taiwan did as well, once they were convinced it was not a “ball of mud” but actually worth taking. Taiwan was not treated the same way as the rest of “Qing China”, and was not administered as a province until (I believe) 1887. So that’s around 200 years of Taiwan being a colony of the Qing.
What happened in the late 19th century to change China’s mind? Japan. A Japanese ship was shipwrecked in eastern Taiwan in the 1870s, and the crew was killed by hostile indigenous people in what is known as the Mudan Incident. A Japanese emissary mission went to China to inquire about what could be done, only to be told that China had no control there and if they went to eastern Taiwan, they did so at their own peril. China had not intended to imply that Taiwan wasn’t theirs, but they did. Japan - and other foreign powers, as France also attempted an invasion - were showing an interest in Taiwan, so China decided to cement its claim, started mapping the entire island, and made it a province.
So, I suppose for a decade or so Taiwan was a part of China. A China that no longer exists.
It remained a province until 1895, when it was ceded to Japan after the (first) Sino-Japanese War. Before that could happen, Taiwan declared itself a Republic, although it was essentially a Qing puppet state (though the history here is interesting - correspondence at the time indicates that the leaders of this ‘Republic of Taiwan’ considered themselves Chinese, and the tiger flag hints at this as well. However, the constitution was a very republican document, not something you’d expect to see in Qing-era China.) That lasted for less than a year, when the Japanese took it by force.
This is important for two reasons - the first is that some interpretations of IR theory state that when a colonial holding is released, it should revert to the state it was in before it was taken as a colony. In this case, that would actually be The Republic of Taiwan, not Qing-era China. Secondly, it puts to rest all notions that there was no Taiwan autonomy movement prior to 1947.
In any case, it would be impossible to revert to its previous state, as the government that controlled it - the Qing empire - no longer exists. The current government of China - the PRC - has never controlled it.
After the Japanese colonial era, there is a whole web of treaties and agreements that do not satisfactorily settle the status of Taiwan. None of them actually do so - those which explicitly state that Taiwan is to be given to the Republic of China (such as the Cairo declaration) are non-binding. Those that are binding do not settle the status of Taiwan (neither the treaty of San Francisco nor the Treaty of Taipei definitively say that Taiwan is a part of China, or even which China it is - the Treaty of Taipei sets out what nationality the Taiwanese are to be considered, but that doesn’t determine territorial claims). Treaty-wise, the status of Taiwan is “undetermined”.
Under more modern interpretations, what a state needs to be a state is…lessee…a contiguous territory, a government, a military, a currency…maybe I’m forgetting something, but Taiwan has all of it. For all intents and purposes it is independent already.
In fact, in the time when all of these agreements were made, the Allied powers weren’t as sure as you might have learned about what to do with Taiwan. They weren’t a big fan of Chiang Kai-shek, didn’t want it to go Communist, and discussed an Allied trusteeship (which would have led to independence) or backing local autonomy movements (which did exist). That it became what it did - “the ROC” but not China - was an accident (as Hsiao-ting Lin lays out in Accidental State).
In fact, the KMT knew this, and at the time the foreign minister (George Yeh) stated something to the effect that they were aware they were ‘squatters’ in Taiwan.
Since then, it’s true that the ROC claims to be the rightful government of Taiwan, however, that hardly matters when considering the future of Taiwan simply because they have no choice. To divest themselves of all such claims (and, presumably, change their name) would be considered by the PRC to be a declaration of formal independence. So that they have not done so is not a sign that they wish to retain the claim, merely that they wish to avoid a war.
It’s also true that most Taiwanese are ethnically “Han” (alongside indigenous and Hakka, although Hakka are, according to many, technically Han…but I don’t think that’s relevant here). But biology is not destiny: what ethnicity someone is shouldn’t determine what government they must be ruled by.
Through all of this, the Taiwanese have evolved their own culture, identity and sense of history. They are diverse in a way unique to Taiwan, having been a part of Austronesian and later Hoklo trade routes through Southeast Asia for millenia. Now, one in five (I’ve heard one in four, actually) Taiwanese children has a foreign parent. The Taiwanese language (which is not Mandarin - that’s a KMT transplant language forced on Taiwanese) is gaining popularity as people discover their history. Visiting Taiwan and China, it is clear where the cultural differences are, not least in terms of civic engagement. This morning, a group of legislators were removed after a weekend-long pro-labor hunger strike in front of the presidential palace. They were not arrested and will not be. Right now, a group of pro-labor protesters is lying down on the tracks at Taipei Main Station to protest the new labor law amendments.
This would never be allowed in China, but Taiwanese take it as a fiercely-guarded basic right.
*
Now, as I said, none of this matters.
What matters is self-determination. If you believe in democracy, you believe that every state (and Taiwan does fit the definition of a state) that wants to be democratic - that already is democratic and wishes to remain that way - has the right to self-determination. In fact, every nation does. You cannot be pro-democracy and also believe that it is acceptable to deprive people of this right, especially if they already have it.
Taiwan is already a democracy. That means it has the right to determine its own future. Period.
Even under the ROC, Taiwan was not allowed to determine its future. The KMT just arrived from China and claimed it. The Taiwanese were never asked if they consented. What do we call it when a foreign government arrives in land they had not previously governed and declares itself the legitimate governing power of that land without the consent of the local people? We call that colonialism.
Under this definition, the ROC can also be said to be a colonial power in Taiwan. They forced Mandarin - previously not a language native to Taiwan - onto the people, taught Chinese history, geography and culture, and insisted that the Taiwanese learn they were Chinese - not Taiwanese (and certainly not Japanese). This was forced on them. It was not chosen. Some, for awhile, swallowed it. Many didn’t. The independence movement only grew, and truly blossomed after democratization - something the Taiwanese fought for and won, not something handed to them by the KMT.
So what matters is what the Taiwanese want, not what the ROC is forced to claim. I cannot stress this enough - if you do not believe Taiwan has the right to this, you do not believe in democracy.
And poll after poll shows it: Taiwanese identify more as Taiwanese than Chinese (those who identify as both primarily identify as Taiwanese, just as I identify as American and Armenian, but primarily as American. Armenian is merely my ethnicity). They overwhelmingly support not unifying with China. The vast majority who support the status quo support one that leads to eventual de jure independence, not unification. The status quo is not - and cannot be - an endgame (if only because China has declared so, but also because it is untenable). Less than 10% want unification. Only a small number (a very small minority) would countenance unification in the future…even if China were to democratize.
The issue isn’t the incompatibility of the systems - it’s that the Taiwanese fundamentally do not see themselves as Chinese.
A change in China’s system won’t change that. It’s not an ethnic nationalism - there is no ethnic argument for Taiwan (or any nation - didn’t we learn in the 20th century what ethnicity-based nation-building leads to? Nothing good). It’s not a jingoistic or xenophobic nationalism - Taiwanese know that to be dangerous. It’s a nationalism based on shared identity, culture, history and civics. The healthiest kind of nationalism there is. Taiwan exists because the Taiwanese identify with it. Period.
There are debates about how long the status quo should go on, and what we should risk to insist on formal recognition. However, the question of whether or not to be Taiwan, not China…
…well, that’s already settled.
The Taiwanese have spoken and they are not Chinese.
Whatever y’all think about that doesn’t matter. That’s what they want, and if you believe in self-determination you will respect it.
If you don’t, good luck with your authoritarian nonsense, but Taiwan wants nothing to do with it.
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日本星巴克推出的Japan Geography Series,以各大城市為主題,在馬克杯和保溫瓶上描繪了各地的名勝景色!你最喜歡哪個城市的設計呢?
圖片來源:日本星巴克 https://www.starbucks.co.jp/geography/
##星巴克
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THE KMT’S RESPONSE TO JAPAN RENAMING THE DIAOYUTAI ISLANDS
Regarding the renaming of the Diaoyutai Islands to “Tonoshiro Senkaku” by Japan’s Ishigaki City today (June 9), the KMT issues the following statement:
1. The sovereignty of the Diaoyutai Islands undoubtedly belongs to the Republic of China (ROC), whether from historical documents, or from the perspectives of geography or international law. Any actions by the Japanese government, whether central or local, cannot alter this undeniable truth.
2. In 1972, the United States of America unilaterally transferred the “administrative rights” of the Ryukyu Islands and the Diaoyutai Islands to Japan, resulting in controversies to this day. Japan has had no right to claim the sovereignty of the Diaoyutai Islands.
3. In the Ma Ying-jeou presidency, the government of the Republic of China issued an elaborated statement, both in Chinese and in English, on the sovereignty of the Diaoyutai Islands. Moreover, with its insistence on the sovereignty of the Republic of China, the Ma administration ensured the rights and interests of Taiwanese fishermen fishing around the Diaoyutai Islands in the “Taiwan-Japan Fisheries Agreement” signed at the time.
4. The KMT has always supported domestic and international peaceful claims that the Diaoyutai Islands belongs to the Republic of China, and it advocates for the peaceful settlement of disputes.
5. Unfortunately, it is unbearable to see that since the DPP has once again become the ruling party of the Republic of China, it has ignored Japanese government vessels illegally and repeatedly driving our fishermen away, demonstrating that the DPP government has been unable to defend the sovereignty of the Islands as well as the fishing rights. It is the solemn demand of the KMT that President Tsai Ing-wen and the DPP government should no longer be weak. They must defend by all means necessary the Republic of China’s sovereignty over and fishing rights around the Diaoyutai Islands, as well as the safety of Taiwanese fishermen, or they will have failed the people of our country.
#Republic of China
#Japan
#Diaoyutai Islands
# sovereignty
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THESE EVENTS WILL HAPPEN IN ASIA IN 2019
This video will be different from normal, because it won’t just be about one event, but 42 events in the near future, all happening in Asia in 2019. Now of course predicting such events is extremely difficult, but we can always give our best estimates based on the information we currently have.
Some of the events covered:
- India's Chandrayaan-2 will be the first spacecraft to land on the moon
- Mister World competition held in Philippines
- Google developing new censored version of search engine for China ('Dragonfly')
- India's T-Series will defeat Pewdiepie to become the most subscribed YouTube channel of all time
- Kim Jong-un is expected to meet Vladimir Putin in Moscow, as well as Donald Trump for a second time
- South Korea's Samsung will release the first foldable smartphone (Samsung Galaxy X)
- Thailand, North Korea, Afghanistan, Indonesia & India will hold their elections
- Japanese Emperor Akihito will abdicate his throne
- Eurovision Song Contest will be held in Israel
- Taiwan will be the first Asian state to legalize samesex marriage
- New $1.4 billion port city to begin construction in Sri Lanka
- Singapore will complete world's first air taxi trials
- ASEAN countries & US will hold maritime exercises, the biggest display of combined force against China
- Japan hosts the first Rugby World Cup in Asia
- Turkey may start construction on the Canal Istanbul
- China will complete the Beijing Daxing International Airport, busiest in the world.
- India will finish building 111 million toilets nation-wide
- Russia will send humanoid robots to space
- Russia will offer commercial spacewalks to tourists
- Tesla will open factories in Shanghai, China
- Eurovision Asia will be launched
- Huawei consolidates its lead over Apple in smartphone sales
- North Korea will increase their cybercrime activities worldwide
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We do videos on intriguing & thought-provoking Asiany topics, including stereotypes, history, culture & geography.
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We do videos on intriguing & thought-provoking Asiany topics, including stereotypes, history, culture & geography.
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Researcher/Writer/Narrator/Video Editor: Kento Bento
Illustrator: Charlie Rodriguez
Cheerleader: Nina Bento
Video Title: How to Build an Undersea Tunnel from Japan to Korea
"In 1917, a Japanese Army general by the name of Kuniaki Koiso, wanted to connect Japan to the rest of Asia. He suggested the idea of building a grand tunnel from Japan all the way to Korea. Certainly a tremendous feat of engineering, and not just for that point in time. Over the next hundred years, through the various incarnations, and despite the numerous proposals, the project never moved beyond conception. Today, there’s still yet to be a tunnel or bridge connecting the two countries. But the question is, for how long?..."
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10 REASONS Why Asians Don't Get FAT: https://youtu.be/xIqJR6xfMro
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These Events Will Happen In Asia Before 2050: https://youtu.be/2VAtKVCTA5k
Video Footage Credit:
Hong Kong Strong - Brandon Li
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Channel Description:
We do videos on intriguing & thought-provoking Asiany topics, including stereotypes, history, culture & geography.
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Researcher/Writer/Narrator/Video Editor: Kento Bento
Motion Graphics: Charlie Rodriguez
Cheerleader: Nina Bento
————————————————————————————————————————
[WHY HONG KONG HAS THE LONGEST LIFE EXPECTANCY?]
50.1 years. According to the World Health Organization, this is the average life expectancy in the country of Sierra Leone. As of now, one of the lowest in the world.
At the other end of the spectrum, we have countries like Italy, Iceland, Singapore and Switzerland all with an average life expectancy well into their 80’s. Now beating all those countries however, is (of course) Japan, topping the list at 83.7 years. (Note that the UN data is a little different). Regardless, this is the country with the longest average life expectancy.
But, this video is not about Japan, because there is a city with an even longer life expectancy.
This is Hong Kong, a city with over 7.4 million people living on about a thousand square kilometres of land. One of the most densely populated places on the planet - a fast paced city that never sleeps.
It’s a city of contradictions with towering buildings next to lush green mountains, street food stalls alongside McDonald’s & KFC’s, markets selling cheap counterfeits in front of designer stores, but the most surprising perhaps is the extremely long life expectancy of the people living in what is one of the most polluted cities in the world.
Hong Kong has an average life expectancy of 84.3 years.
Ironically enough, Hong Kong literally translates to ‘Fragrant Harbour’.
This video will cover:
- Hong Kong weather and climate
- Londons' Great Smog of 1952
- Geographical access to good food
- Cuisine / diet
- Accessibility of walkways and footpaths
- Fitness and habits
- Taichi & Qigong
- Environment
- WHO global network of age-friendly cities
- Hong Kong's healthcare system / primary care / hospital treatment
- Smoking
- Strong family ties
- Mahjong
- Retirement age
- Many older generation Hong Kongers were not boring in China, but in Mainland China
- China's Cultural Revolution
![post-title](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/c3JRRxxZ3Ig/hqdefault.jpg)
japan geography 在 Geography Now! Japan - YouTube 的推薦與評價
Countries like this are a little challenging because I have to find info on things people don't already know about. Japan is popular. ... <看更多>