關於 long time no see文法 ，我們在網路上蒐集到這些相關的討論、資訊與評價

【Esquire專欄】新一代對某啲嘅詞彙可能比較陌生，同時點都應該聽過吓。經典例如「people mountain people sea」（人山人海）、「dead boy bun」（死仔包）、「go eat rice」（去食飯）、「Long time no see」（好耐無見），「so many people die no see you die」（咁多人死唔見你死）等等⋯⋯ 基礎上係英文，又唔係英文。係直接由廣東話翻譯，完全不理會文法，卻又如此過癮，香港人完全能夠琅琅上口......

今天買了肉桂捲很開心，然後5/6飛機又被華航取消了❤️❤️ 那就來點英文閱讀測驗吧
#我網站超多國王小老師因為我錯字文法超多
#終於輪到英文小老師出頭天的時候了
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About being an influencer/blogger/KOL/whatever you call
As someone who’s being writing for 6 years and making profit from her own website, during this special time ( asa. jobless ) I finally got time to answer and talk a bit about my career to those people who are interested.

“How can you be a blogger ?” “What makes you want to be a blogger ?” “Why people likes to read your articles instead of other bloggers?”

So, 2014 is the year I started to write, I met 冰蹦拉 :: 美食旅行 in Microsoft as an intern. We were like Vince Vaughn and Owen Wilson in the movie, just I left her first and she brought me into this blogger’s world.

At first, as a young creature who just graduated from uni. , who studied sociology(all you got is passion trust me lol super fucking innocent). I started my blog for the goal to “change the world”, “let the minority got seen by the majority”. “help people” I kept writing articles about NGOs, Exhibitions, Museums, Homeless, Social Issues and believing as long as I put efforts on them people will love my blog.

After a few months, I realized one thing.
People really don’t give a shit about these issues. hahahahaha.
(You have to know Taiwan has changed a lot in the past 6 years. And I’m happy that is getting better and better.)

So, I had to write about things people want to read to build up the basic page views and followers and so on. I had to write a lot about foods ( which I hated so much to take pictures between or before eating them) and I started to put pictures that have my face and body in my articles too. ( which I also hated a lot. ) I had to learn how to be a proper blogger and influencer and in the same time don’t lost my own personality during the time I’m “blooming”. I have sent so many emails to websites, medias that I like and want to cooperate with them. I have got rejected too. Finally, I made it. I started to receive emails instead of sending them. I started to be the one who can decide how much do I want to get from taking the cases.

After you become a “proper blogger” I personally think this is the most important time.

Because this is the time you really got the chance to “influence” people, to show people what do you think is right. To let people see what you initially want them to see, to affect their idea of traveling, living , reading. thinking.

And this is the time I start to have my own personality back.
And this is the time I start again to promoting things I care, things I think people should care.

From one of the first blogger who’s writing a lot about “solo-traveling” to statistically speaking Taiwan has much more solo travelers in the past 2 years. I imagine I did make some change. From hundreds people who has sent me emails, messages and thank me that without my articles they were unable to have the courage to travel by themselves. I believe that even I’m just a nobody I still and am doing some changes and making influences.

And this is the time I know I can’t not lost my own personality.
Every single article I create represents ME.
And this is the time I know I have to make choices.
Every single opportunity I grab represents WHO I AM.

In the past 2 years, social media has changed a lot. People got less patient about reading, people stop using Facebook. Instead, they fall in love with Instagram , Youtube, Live stream. and clients too. So I have rejected so many cases just because “I want to do the things I like and prefer. ” I don’t know how should I do videos since I don’t even watch them, I hate instagram so much due to its super superficial so I prob. just promote it once a year on my Fans page. No need to mention live stream. Have you seen me smile hahaha

But yea, is challenging. When the whole world is changing, when everyone got e-books you can’t be the only one who’s still going to the libraries. ( True story btw, I’m damn old LOL )

But yea, I have never wanted to be a part of “normal” group. I have never wanted to give up what I think is right to write instead of what I got more money from. I have never wanted to change my personality because people want me to do so.

So I’m still fighting.
So I’m still struggling.
So I can still keep the job I love so much.
So I can say I’m really happy to do it for living.

6years has passed, hopefully I will have 6 years more.

[時事英文] What is 「晶晶體」?

看到各位老師都在網路上對「晶晶體」發表意見，我也來湊一腳好了。

在社會語言學（sociolinguistics）中，「語碼轉換」（code switching）──包含雙語及多語的轉換──有許多不同的定義，學者們對語碼轉換也有不同的理解。

首先，讓我們來釐清一些詞彙的定義：

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１、語碼轉換（code switching）係指於對話的語句中，使用一種以上的語言進行交替，一些學者也稱為句間轉換（inter-sentential switching）。例如：你為什麼要用「雞」這個字？What were you thinking？

２、語碼混用（code mixing）係指語句內的語言轉換（intra-sentential switching）。例如：Actually，寫這篇文章可能不是好的idea，可能會被haters罵。

語碼轉換可視為一種社會現象，亦可根據社會文化的脈絡（sociocultural contexts）將語碼轉換分為兩種：

ａ．情境語碼轉換（situational code-switching）
「情境語碼轉換」係指情境的轉變所引起的語碼轉換──「說話者需要改變自己的語言，以適應不同的情境。」例如，我在與朋友討論政治新聞時，可能會用正式的中文；但聊一般的生活議題時，則使用臺語。

ｂ．隱喻語碼轉換 （metaphorical code-switching）
「隱喻語碼轉換」係指在情境不變的情況下，說話者為了改變語氣或雙方的關係而轉換語碼，以表達某種特定的意圖。此舉打破了情境與語言選擇的關係，因此交際的對象就需要花費更多心力來揣測語碼轉換的用意。例如，我以親切的臺語叫孩子來吃飯，他們卻不予理會；但當我使用較正式的中文時，則可增強語氣並賦予語言更多的力量。

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３、語域（register）係指於不同場合或領域中所使用的特定語言風格。好比新聞用語、辦公用語、課堂用語、廣告用語或日常談話。例如，我在非正式的場合中可能會用「爸爸」(dad) 而不是「父親」(father)。

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４、外來語，又稱外來詞或借詞（loanword），意即從別的語言借來的辭彙。例如，披薩（pizza）、冰淇淋（ice cream）、吐司（toast）、與三明治（sandwich）（不好意思肚子有一點餓，還沒吃晚餐）都是外來語。

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５、洋涇浜語 (pidgin) 又稱「混雜語言」，是一種簡化的自然語言。由缺乏共同語言的群體所發展而成，其地位低於一般語言。例如，洋涇浜英語（Chinese Pidgin English）是１９世紀中外商人所使用的混雜語言。僅有口頭形式，而無統一的書面用語，其變體亦相當繁複（long time no see、no can do、look see）。

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６、克里奧爾語 (creole) 是一種穩定的自然語言，由洋涇浜語發展而成。其特徵為混合各種語言的詞彙，有時也會摻雜其它語言的文法，故亦稱作混成語或混合語。例如，港式英語的「yum cha」（飲茶），以及星式英語（Singlish）中「wah」（吃驚）與「shiok」（酷）等詞彙。

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７、跨語言實踐 (translanguaging) 是由多元識讀與多模態的概念衍生而來，旨在強調語言實踐中的變動性。由於當代語言的使用，習慣混雜各種不同的語言，並結合多元媒介來建構意義以進行溝通，因此「跨語言實踐」常使用在語言教學。

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語碼轉換不僅是一種語言現象，也是一種社會現象，乃因社會對人們的言行產生約束力──「語言行為策略及語言形式的選擇，常取決於說話者與聆聽者的社會地位」。沒有任何一種論述，能夠全面地解釋「語碼轉換」此一社會語言學現象。但通過不同學者的研究，我們得以對該現象有更深入的瞭解。

我個人認為，李晶晶的「晶晶體」乃出於習慣，亦能藉此拉近其與觀眾之間的距離。而韓市長於美國商會的演說，是否屬於「code switching」的範疇？就讓同學們自行下結論了，因為我想－－keep living。

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參考資料：
Auer, P. (Ed.). (2013). Code-switching in conversation: Language, interaction and identity. Routledge.

周振鶴. (2013). 中國洋涇浜英語的形成. 復旦學報:社會科學版,55(5), 1-18.

Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2007). Research methods in education (London and New York, Routledge).

許朝陽。 （1999年）。語碼轉換的社會功能與心理。外國語文，（2），57-60。

何萬順. (2009). 語言與族群認同: 從台灣外省族群的母語與台灣華語談起. 語言暨語言學, 10(2), 375-419.

Joshi, A. K. (1982, July). Processing of sentences with intra-sentential code-switching. In Proceedings of the 9th conference on Computational linguistics-Volume 1 (pp. 145-150). Academia Praha.

Ke, I. C., & Lin, S. (2017). A translanguaging approach to TESOL in Taiwan. English Teaching & Learning, 41(1), 33-61.

Muysken, P., & Muysken, P. C. (2000). Bilingual speech: A typology of code-mixing. Cambridge University Press.

Tan, L. K. (2003). 台灣雙語併用者的語言使用與語言功能的分化. In 中國社會語言學國際學術研討會.

Photo: Google.com

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關於Singlish的相關報導lah: http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20160919-the-language-the-government-tried-to-suppress

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More at 阿滴英文

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我是哥倫布！我是在加拿大長大的香港人！現在喜歡在 YouTube 做出有趣好懂的英文教學內容。
YouTube 頻道外，我在 2020 年創立了 English.Cool 英文庫，目前已成為台灣/香港地區 No.1 英文教學資訊網站！

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1. Here's Johnny
2. Greetings (過時了)
3. Salutations (過時了)
4. Greetings and Salutations (過時了)
5. What's the good word? (過時了)
6. Good day
7. Good morning
8. mornin'
9. Good afternoon
10. Good evening
11. How do you do?
12. It's nice to see you
13. It's good to see you
14. It's a pleasure to meet you
15. Pleased to meet you
16. Yo
17. Hi
18. Hi there
19. Hello
20. Hello there
21. Hey
22. Hey there
23. What's up
24. Sup
25. Whazzup
26. Whaddup
27. How are you?
28. How are you doing?
29. How you doin'?
30. How you doin'? (猥瑣版)
31. How's it goin'?
32. How goes it?
33. What's goin' on?
34. What's new?
35. What's happenin'?
36. How's your day?
37. How's your day going?
38. Good to see you
39. Look who it is
40. Look what the cat dragged in!
41. There he is!
42. Ayyy
43. Holla
44. Hiya
45. Heya
46. Yello
47. Howdy
48. Howdy-doo?
49. Howdy, partner? (牛仔愛用)
50. How's tricks?
51. How's it rollin'?
52. How's it hangin'? (有點帶黃)
53. What's up, homeslice?
54. What's up, doc?
55. Whaddup, buttercup!
56. What's good?
57. What's good in the hood?
58. What's the dilly?
59. What's the dizzle?
60. What's trippin'?
61. What's poppin'?
62. What's crackin'?
63. What's crackalackin'?
64. What's cookin'?
65. What's cookin' good lookin'?
66. What's kickin', chicken?
67. What's shakin', bacon?
68. Long time no see
69. It's been such a long time!
70. How long has it been?
71. It's been too long!
72. It's been ages!
73. It's been a while!
74. It's been a minute
75. Where have you been hiding?
76. How have you been?
77. What have you been up to?
78. Whatcha been up to?
79. How are things?
80. How are things comin' along?
81. How are you getting on?
82. How are you holding up?
83. How's life?
84. How's life been treating you?
85. How's everything?
86. How's everything with you?
87. How's everything going?
88. Oi (英國/澳洲)
89. What's the craic? (愛爾蘭)
90. You okay? (英國)
91. You alright? (英國)
92. Alright? (英國)
93. G'day, mate (澳洲)
94. How are you going? (澳洲)
95. Ahoy, matey (海盜用的)
96. Aloha (夏威夷語)
97. Hola (西班牙文)
98. Ciao (義大利語)
99. Namaste (印度教)
100. Nihao (中文)

【英語字幕】OK. It's hard to speak English and look somebody in the eyes at the same time. And today my practice is that I am going to keep looking at the lens and keep talking. The reason that I want to practice this way is that, a lot of times, when you don't know what to say, you kind of look away and try to think, right? That happens a lot even when we're speaking Japanese. And that happens a lot especially when you're trying to speak English cuz it's much harder. OK. See? See? I kind of looked down and try to avoid some kind of attention. But I'm going to keep looking at the lens pretending that's somebody's eyes. I'm sorry you probably don't want an old man like me to stare at you. But I'm sorry this is my practice. OK. See? See? I looked away. What time is it? 1:27. See? See? I looked away! Sh*t! OK. Making eye contacts... OK. About making eye contacts, I have an interesting news for you. It is said that if you and someone have... if you and someone can make eye contacts for more than 5 Seconds, that means something. It can mean a good relationship and it can also mean a hostility. 30 seconds. Usually of course I look at somebody when I speak, when I want to tell something to that person. But probably no more than 3 seconds straight. Five seconds, too long. 3 minutes, it's okay. So what's this 2 seconds right? Does this 2 seconds make a big difference? Yes. You should try. Try to make contact... Try to make eye contact with somebody for 5 seconds. And if you can do it comfortably, then your relationship with someone, with that person is good. Cuz you can't do that with strangers.

その人と5秒間、目が合ったら、きっと何かが起きてます。好意？敵意？探り合い？

※TOEIC S&W の練習として小難しいことを英語で3分間話し続けようとしています。考え方の違いや、多少の文法的ミスはスルーしてください。

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【さわけん】
英会話講師 / TOEIC S&W 講師 / ビデオブロガー
名古屋市なう
ロサンゼルス13年在住 / ラスベガス2年在住
ユニオンバンク（米国）に勤務経験
アメリカ人との結婚 / 離婚を経験する (T_T)
TOEICのスコアは「L&R」「S&W」 ともに9割以上

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【人気動画】
- 英作文を2万回やったら通訳中級の仕事ができるようになった話
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vqEbJ-HTh8c

- 英検の面接で絶対にやってはいけない3つのこと（二次試験）
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n9AdVVPhfWY

#100daysofpractice

香港人英文愈嚟愈差，其實而家大國崛起，中國人民站起來了，仲有冇必要學英文文法呢？定係好似新加坡、馬來西亞人咁，自撰 Chinglish 呢？嗱，以前華工一句 Long time no see 都係咁啦！財爺就似乎有意效法，試看以下三句：
1. Are the Italians going to pull their show together?
2. We had more windfall.
3. With the low birth rate, people in Hong Kong are diminishing!
財爺，你喺波士頓教過書，我唔敢話你錯，係 Michael Chugani 話有問題咋，唔關我事呀。