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在marginal benefit這個產品中，有3篇Facebook貼文，粉絲數超過7萬的網紅Dr 文科生，也在其Facebook貼文中提到， 見急救達人quote咗UK guideline，就回應下 首先，講講下St John個ADULT basic life support指引教戴口罩就spin咗去講PEDIATRIC BLS recommendation，大家頭腦一唔清就好易俾呢種論述帶走。 同埋人地UK個guideline係講緊...

marginal benefit 在 Dr 文科生 Facebook 的精選貼文

Dr 文科生 By Dr 文科生

2020-11-17 16:21:08 有 468 人按讚
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見急救達人quote咗UK guideline，就回應下

首先，講講下St John個ADULT basic life support指引教戴口罩就spin咗去講PEDIATRIC BLS recommendation，大家頭腦一唔清就好易俾呢種論述帶走。

同埋人地UK個guideline係講緊pediatric abnormal breathing, impeding to full cardiac arrest時要立即俾rescue breath以避免惡化至full cardiac arrest。當你兒童完全無pulse嘅cardiac arrest時都係要CPR，唔可以淨俾氧氣。

留意返如果係兒童嘅話，俾氧氣個marginal benefit大過成人好多，而現時嘅paediatric BLS guideline cardiac arrest時都係30:2 or 15:2 depending on availability of help，無叫你戴口罩。（兒童hands only CPR not recommended but is acceptable, any CPR is better than no CPR）

Btw，人地個UK adult BLS guideline都係叫你放個cloth/towel, consistent with AHA同St John嘅guideline，唔好quote d唔quote d玩埋d偷換概念。

#講成人走咗去講兒童
#人地兒童BLS都無改做戴口罩

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marginal benefit 在 Dr 文科生 Facebook 的最讚貼文

Dr 文科生 By Dr 文科生

2020-11-17 09:30:51 有 847 人按讚
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《每年都loop一loop急救知識嘅謬誤》

兩年前消防署「任何人」推廣全民CPR時，有一群「急救達人」指點江山，去講hands only CPR不作人工呼吸或者laymen隨便進行CPR會害死病人。

今日又有一群+/-上了30小時急救課拿著一封急救證書的「急救達人」去講Hands only CPR剔除人工呼吸就如餐蛋治走餐肉，實為欺世盜名。

首先，bystanders hands only CPR美國心臟病學會已經推廣了很多年，2016時早已更新了指引，建議民眾心肺復蘇法時，如覺得不適宜進行人工呼吸的話，可以只進行心外壓。

其次，當一名病人心臟停頓時已經是臨床上死亡（Clinically dead），無論進行任何急救或治療都不可能令病人情況更惡化。Any CPR is better than no CPR, with or without artificial ventilation

另外，我們不難發現很多時候這些急救達人，都總會用一些看似非常專業的醫療字眼，例如「保持空氣流通和患者呼吸暢」。但其實什麼是保持空氣流通？呼吸暢順呢？他們是不會告訴你的。

更甚的是，他們往往連什麼是氣道airway都不知道，自以為戴了一個口罩就會令病人的氣道堵塞，卻連怎樣打開病人的氣道都不知道。開airway要做的不是打開嘴巴，head tilt, jaw thrust, chin lift等等都是急救時常用的airway maneuver，滿口只是「戴口罩會堵塞氣道」代表他們根本就不認識怎樣打開氣道。

當遇上一個氣道被阻塞的病人，任由這群根本沒有足夠知識及訓練的人進行急救的話，氣道根本就不會被打開，就算有或沒有佩戴口罩的話病人仍然不會可以呼吸。如果你幫病人開了氣道的話，病人戴不戴口罩個airway都是patent，空氣一樣可以流通，不存在窒息風險。

而我不知道為病人帶一個口罩到底需要多久的時間，他們常常都會說與其為病人戴口罩，倒不如馬上立即為他們進行心肺復蘇法和人工呼吸才能提升救活率。彷彿戴個口罩需要用上三五七分鐘，不知道的話還以為戴口罩比插喉更困難更高階。

的確，不進行任何的保護措施直接進行心肺復蘇法當然是會有最好的效果，但是我們都知道急救的第一原則是要避免急救員負上不必要或可減少的風險，如果要做這種英雄式漠視風險、漠視現有醫學指南而且不合邏輯的急救，那是你個人的選擇，但這是受過專業醫學訓練的醫護人員不會做的事，亦是一般民眾不應該學習的對象。

最後，不難發現這種似是而非的言論總會舉一兩個看似關事但其實差之毫釐繆以千里的例子。例如這裡，他們說鴉片類藥物過量引起的昏迷的時候建議使用人工呼吸急救。在這種鴉片類藥物過量的情況下本來就不會需要用到心外壓，當病人仍有心跳，只是respiratory depression時當然不用進行心肺復蘇法，不進行心肺復蘇法並沒有心外壓的aerosol generating risk，幫病人戴上口罩的marginal benefit便沒有如進行心外壓的大。但當鴉片類藥物過量至cardiac arrest secondary to respiratory failure的時候，急救還是回到心肺復蘇法而不是提供氧氣或進行人工呼吸。

至於兒童cardiac arrest或drowning cardiac arrest，我不知道這名作者到底是看那一份指引或研究，無論是兒童或成人，cardiac arrest的急救都是心肺復蘇法，人工呼吸是optional的。
*optimal resuscitation include both compression+ventilation for pediatric patient but hands-only CPR is acceptable, any CPR is better than no CPR

**很多人說當初世衛以及外國的醫學指南也是說佩戴口罩並不能減少感染的風險，如果我們覺得醫學指南是絕對可信的話為什麼我們當初一直批評外國的指南。沒有人講過醫學指南一定是對的、一定不能被挑戰的，如果他們的建議或者研究的數據違反常識或邏輯的話，我們當然要挑戰並且要求這些機構改善他們的醫學指南，但你的挑戰的理據要合乎邏輯合乎常理而且合乎科學。不過，當你們連什麼是氣道、怎樣打開氣道、戴口罩到底怎樣影響氣道暢通也說不出來的時候，大眾怎能期望你們的論點是可信而且合乎科學及醫學理論的？

***我最近發現很多難以溝通而且缺乏基本醫學知識和理解能力的人出現，而且臉書的接觸率越來越低。為了改善讀者群的質素，我慢慢會同步將文章migrate到patreon，建議讀者們先行subscribe free membership閱讀免費文章，如有適合的文章才考慮轉做paid patron閱讀收費文章。

Link: https://www.patreon.com/munforsun

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marginal benefit 在 無神論者的巴別塔 Facebook 的最佳解答

無神論者的巴別塔 By 無神論者的巴別塔

2018-06-25 21:34:21 有 108 人按讚
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//呢排大家可能熱情過咗，比少咗Clap，記住支持本Page最有效方法，就係Click入去篇文比Clap我賺錢呀！//

拜作為中學選修科之一所賜，不少人都嘗試用經濟學解釋身邊發生的事物，個人其實對此並無反感，大前提都是你所了解與分析的經濟學邏輯至少大體上是正確的──過去在這裡批評的，幾乎都是自以為掌握了幾條基礎定律就 夸夸其談，結論卻錯得離譜。

好像這次我在《Fortune Insight》看到的一篇〈豬柳「蛋」漢堡竟比豬柳漢堡便宜？〉引用兩個經濟學理論去解釋就寫得相當不錯。對於豬柳蛋只賣$11，沒有蛋的豬柳漢堡卻要賣貴兩元至$13，原文首先用了行為經濟學的錨定效應”Anchoring Effect”去解釋。意即豬柳漢堡並不是真正打算向消費者促銷，而只是一個心理上的參考價；當消費者發現有蛋的竟比沒蛋的豬柳漢堡平上兩蚊時，感覺上豬柳蛋就變得份外便宜，因而增加了購買意欲。

至於另一個解釋則為「邊際效益」（marginal benefit），它是承接了上述的「買豬柳蛋反而抵了兩蚊」的心理效應，並因慳了錢而購買對麥當勞而言，邊際利潤更高的商品，例如薯條和汽水等等。

雖然這篇文章的分析頭頭是道，但我仍然有兩點質疑。首先錨定效應”Anchoring Effect”要產生效果，先決條件事消費者在購買時真有注意並考慮到原有錨點的存在：然而若你落麥當勞訪問購買豬柳蛋的人們，我相當有信心大半都不知道，或至少購買時沒有因為「豬柳漢堡平兩蚊」而影響到他們的消費選擇，更多人或許與美國早前將豬柳蛋轉成全日銷售因而銷量大增的原因一樣，純粹就是喜歡吃便宜又好味的豬柳蛋而已。

至於說因為豬柳蛋賣平了，因而鼓勵了消費者購買利潤更大的細汽水和薯條我不敢完全說是錯，但這是它的錨點就不是豬柳，而是10號餐（即豬柳蛋套餐）了：基於10號餐不是超值套餐，連薯條汽水目前的參考價是$32.5，而單叫豬柳蛋卻只是$11，那心理作用下自然覺得多買一杯汽水或細薯條甚至麥樂雞不算甚麼奢侈消費啦！所以這個豬柳定價的「錨定效應」我個人認為是微乎其微，影響不大。

其實麥當勞的定價問題已有不少高登仔曾經指出，甚至以「砌」出比超值套餐更優惠的餐單成為了他們的挑戰，但麥當勞是否為了造出這種效應而隱藏這些「彩蛋」，觀乎這些「神秘餐單」一直只限於小眾之間流傳，可能性又不大。

我個人也曾想過一個理由，或許是製作豬柳漢堡要用別的包裝紙，工序又和豬柳蛋不同，為免令員工出錯的機會增加，就乾脆把豬柳漢堡加價，讓它成為了極少消費者才會選擇的產品。當然基於麥當勞容許顧客在購買商品時拿走任何配料，最理性購買豬柳漢堡的方法從來是：「豬柳蛋走蛋」。

但或許我和《Fortune Insight》都是多此一舉，因為《Freakonomics》也曾大費周章地分析為何某炸雞店的五件炸雞的平均價會比三件炸雞更高，而它最後的結論是：或許只是快餐店純粹懶得改正而已。

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Abstract/Summary. The number of properties to hold to achieve a well-diversified real estate property portfolio presents a puzzle, ...

#47. marginal benefit - Sesli Sözlük

marginal benefit çevirisi anlamı nedir nasıl telaffuz ediliz. ... marginal benefit. listen to the pronunciation of marginal benefit. İngilizce - Türkçe ...

#48. marginal benefit翻譯及用法- 英漢詞典 - 漢語網

Marginal principle in which price should be set at the point where marginal benefit equals marginal cost yields efficiency in resources USES and allocations.

#49. marginal benefit 中文 - 查查在線詞典

marginal benefit 中文::邊際費用…，點擊查查權威綫上辭典詳細解釋marginal benefit的中文翻譯，marginal benefit的發音，音標，用法和例句等。

#50. Marginal benefit | Topics | Economics | tutor2u

Marginal benefit · Theory of the Firm – Key Conditions and Formulae. Student Videos · Marginal decisions in economics. Study Notes ...

#51. Diminishing Marginal Benefit of Social Distancing in ...

Our findings highlight the diminishing marginal benefit of social distancing, characterized by a linear decrease in medical demands against ...

#52. Marginal Benefit After Contralateral Prophylactic Mastectomy

Marginal Survival Benefit After Contralateral Prophylactic Mastectomy ... shows that survival benefits in such women might be only marginal, ...

#53. Explaining Marginal Benefits to Patients, When “Marginal ...

For a pancreas cancer patient, the marginal benefit may be weeks or at best a few months. We review how we can explain honestly and efficiently ...

#54. The Marginal Utility of Inequality | SpringerLink

Here we propose and evaluate a marginal utility of inequality hypothesis that nominates circumscription and environmental heterogeneity as ...

#55. Marginal benefit incidence of public spending in Laos - ANU ...

Marginal benefit incidence of public spending in Laos ... examine to what extent an increase in public spending on education and health benefits the poor.

#56. four new estimates of the elasticity of marginal utility for the UK

Combining the estimates using meta-analytical techniques yields a best-guess estimate of 1.5 for the elasticity of marginal utility. Critically the confidence ...

#57. Marginal benefits | The Economist

Refugees Marginal benefits. Asylum-seekers are sent to the poorest parts of Britain. What happens next?

#58. Marginal benefit - The Free Dictionary

Define Marginal benefit. Marginal benefit synonyms, Marginal benefit pronunciation, Marginal benefit translation, English dictionary definition of Marginal ...

#59. The Marginal Utility of the Entrepreneur - CAIRN International

... the entrepreneur holds a marginal place in historical approaches to explaining ... The fact remains that the entrepreneur is able to draw benefits from ...

#60. The anti-poverty marginal benefit of public funds - Institute for ...

The anti-poverty marginal benefit of public funds*. Diego Colladoa,b a Institute for Social and Economic Research (ISER), University of Essex.

#61. Integrating Expenditure and Tax Decisions: The Marginal Cost ...

Founded in 1920, the NBER is a private, non-profit, non-partisan ... The Marginal Cost of Funds and the Marginal Benefit of Projects.

#62. Marginal benefit | Times Higher Education (THE)

Marginal money maybe - but margins are where jobs are lost and tenured appointments give way to short-contract part-timers.

#63. A Guide to Calculating Justice-System Marginal Costs

The costs and benefits of criminal justice policies and activities affect everyone. Understanding what goes into the costs of operating jails, prisons,…

#64. The Marginal Benefit of an Active Labor Market ... - Sciendo

The Marginal Benefit of an Active Labor Market Program Relative to a Public Works Program: Evidence from Papua New Guinea ...

#65. Marginal Utility | INOMICS

The marginal utility is the change in wellbeing of consuming one more unit and is equivalent to the maximum willingness to pay for this ...

#66. What Is the Difference Between Marginal Benefits & Marginal ...

Marginal benefit is the gain you receive for doing anything "one more time." If you owned, say, a cake shop, and you could sell an unlimited number of cakes ...

#67. Using Marginal Benefit Curves to Illustrate Income and ...

Points on a demand curve are shown to represent points on many different marginal benefits curves. A price change moves the consumer along a ...

#68. Marginal benefit - Oxford Reference

Marginal private benefit is marginal benefit accruing to the person or firm deciding on the scale of the activity, excluding any external benefits; ...

#69. marginal benefit 中文意思是什麼

As marginal benefit equals marginal cost, the priority and key section for financial input can be decided. 根據邊際收益等於邊際成本的原則，可以得出財政各 ...

#70. extensive learning curve, marginal benefits - The Lancet

The introduction of laparoscopic surgery has come with substantial benefits for patients, treating physicians, and health-care systems. Among ...

#71. Marginal-benefit Meaning - YourDictionary

What does marginal-benefit mean? The extra benefit received from a unit increase in the consumption of a good or service. It is calculated as the increas...

#72. Marginal Benefit to South Asian Economies from SO 2 ... - MDPI

Sulphate aerosols are dominated by SO2 emissions from coal-burning for the Indian electricity sector and they are thought to have a short term but ...

#73. Marginal Benefit-Cost Analysis of Irrigation Water in Rice ...

Marginal Benefit -Cost Analysis of Irrigation Water in Rice Production. 미곡생산(米穀生産)에 있어서 관개용수(灌漑用水)의 한계편익(限界便益)·비용분석(費用分析).

#74. A brief introduction to marginal analysis for the micro ...

marginal cost/marginal benefit principle can be used in everyday life. Using the decision of the optimal choice of speed on the highway, ...

#75. Six Perspectives on Nature in Environmental Thought & Policy

Marginal benefit is the benefits derived from one more unit of abatement. Marginal cost(benefit) is the slope of the total cost(benefit) function. The concavity ...

#76. 6.1 The Logic of Maximizing Behavior

The marginal cost curve for studying economics can thus be derived from the marginal benefit curve for studying accounting. Figure 6.3 "The Marginal Benefits ...

#77. Marginal Benefit – Meaning, Importance And More

The concept of marginal utility comes from the Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility. As per this Economics law, as the consumer increases the ...

#78. The Marginal Benefit Of An Active Labor Market Program ...

The Marginal Benefit Of An Active Labor Market. Program Relative To A Public Works Program: Evidence From Papua New Guinea. Christopher Hoy1. Darian Naidoo2.

#79. MARGINAL BENEFIT - Tłumaczenie na polski - bab.la

Tłumaczenie słowa 'marginal benefit' i wiele innych tłumaczeń na polski - darmowy słownik angielsko-polski.

#80. Anglian Water - 13C. PC MARGINAL BENEFIT MAPPING

Filename: 180815 Note V2 0 Review of PC benefit mapping. Version: 2.0. © ICS Consulting 2018 ... Marginal benefits are used to assess cost benefit and to.

#81. Esomeprazole Therapy for Asthma: Marginal Benefit - NEJM ...

Asthma patients received little benefit from potent acid suppression. An association between gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and asthma ...

#82. 职场术语：Marginal benefit - 手机搜狐网

... 接着你喝第2杯水，还会有点愉悦；但当你喝到第4杯水，你可能就有点恶心了。这就是经济学中著名的marginal benefit （边际收益）递减的现象。

#83. Does the Marginal Benefit Exceed the Marginal Cost? - RSNA ...

Women also overestimate cancer lethality, death risk, and screening benefit (, 3,, 4). These beliefs interfere with rational marginal ...

#84. Marginal Benefit - Elgaronline

The changed benefit from increasing or reducing the rate or volume of an activity. Mathematically it is the first derivative of benefit with ...

#85. Marginal Benefits of the Core Securities Laws - SSRN

Marginal Benefits of the Core Securities Laws. 44 Pages Posted: 18 Sep 2020 Last revised: 24 Jun 2021. See all articles by Kevin S. Haeberle ...

#86. Discounting Future Benefits and Costs - Environmental ...

of the policy; (3) the rate at which the marginal value of consumption diminishes with increased consumption; and (4) the rate at which the future utility ...

#87. Children between 12 and 15 should be offered Covid jab after ...

Health experts say there is a benefit to children getting the vaccine ... Dr Gregor Smith says 'marginal benefits' of vaccine should not be ...

#88. Clinical Trials in Cardiovascular Medicine in an Era of ...

Clinical Trials in Cardiovascular Medicine in an Era of Marginal Benefit, Bias, and Hyperbole. Joseph Loscalzo; MD, PhD. Joseph Loscalzo. Joseph Loscalzo.

#89. Correlated Uncertainty and Policy Instrument Choice

slopes of the marginal benefit and cost functions. But, in the presence of simultaneous, correlated uncertainty, such policy instrument recommendations may ...

#90. Gilead study: remdesivir has marginal benefit for moderate ...

Gilead study: remdesivir has marginal benefit for moderate COVID patients. By Deena Beasley. 2 Min Read. Aug 21 (Reuters) - Moderately ill ...

#91. Marginal Benefit | Borderlands Wiki

Marginal Benefit is a tier 2 skill in Jack's Free Enterprise skill tree. Throwing a grenade has a chance to reload all equipped weapons.

#92. Time use and class preformance: the marginal benefit of study ...

Series/Report no.: The Ohio State University. College of Food, Agricultural, and Environmental Sciences Honors Theses; 2001. Abstract: Recursive regression ...

#93. Marginal Utility and the Marginal Unit - dummies

Marginal Utility and the Marginal Unit ... Total utility (the amount of utility gained in total from consuming something) is a useful concept, but economists far ...

#94. 邊際利潤- MBA智库百科

邊際利潤（marginal profit）邊際利潤是反映增加產品的銷售量能為企業增加的收益。銷售單價扣除邊際成本即為邊際利潤，邊際利潤是指增加單位產量所增加的利潤。

#95. SUMMER SCHOOL 1: Choices & Dating - NPR

We put a deal for chicken nuggets to the test of marginal cost and marginal benefits, and we take Uber for a ride to cost-benefit test. Concepts ...