哈佛知識分享:《做生意的三個 S》 - 七集介紹、第一及第二集。
做生意有三個 S: Survive (生存), Sustain (持續), and Succeed (成功).
全文內容:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1grPxQjlN7OUFarSI3KYLgbQL1-7Bw3-X3uPTqV9_mZA/edit?usp=drivesdk
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My hobby 《星期六早餐會》!
七/八/九月份早餐會 Topic: Applying "Michael Porter" to your business: How to compete and win!
哈佛分享: 如何應用「米高波特」於你盤生意? 點競爭? 點贏?
講起哈佛策略教授, 無人出名過 Michael Porter. 有幸我2017年在哈佛親身上過他教的課程, 今次早餐會同你分享,希望對你做生意亦有所啟發。
有興趣參加啦 😃 每次限四位 (包括我)。 人多傾唔到計。
7月/8/9月份,逢星期六早上9時開始,約三小時半。地點中環。
對象: 中小企老闆/創業者/公司管理層,連我限4位。
有興趣參加的話,請 whatsapp 你的名片給 Suki (我助手) (+852) 5566 1335。
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聯絡李根興 whatsapp (+852) 90361143
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1. 先講生存 survive - 即係收入多過支出。連錢都賺唔到,日日蝕做乞衣,唔好講嘢。 絕大部分生意,五年內都係生存唔到!
2. 再講持續性 sustain - 持續地賺到錢,持續地收入多過支出,Sustaining 養活咗99%中小企, 但佢哋永遠都係中小企 ,因為可能幾十年業績都浮浮沉沉!
3. 要成功就講 Succeed, I mean become really really Super Successful - How to win? 就要講策略 Strategy.
Do you have a strategy? 你做生意有無策略?
根據哈佛最出名嘅策略教授 Michael Porter "The first test of a strategy is whether your value proposition is different from your rivals. If you are trying to serve the same customers and meet the same needs and sell at the same relative price, then you don't have a strategy. "
如果你嘅價值主張係同你嘅競爭對手一樣, 即係話你服務緊同一班客, 解決緊同一問題, 收緊差唔多價錢的話, 哈佛教授米高波特就講你係「人做你做」,你「無策略」 。 長遠,你唔會賺大錢! You can only sustain, but cannot be super successful! 咁應該點?
Understanding Michael Porter! 何謂競爭? 何謂策略? 如何勝出? What is competition? What is strategy? How to win?
Michael Porter 相信係仲在生最出名嘅大學策略教授, 佢1979年首次提出嘅 Porter's Five Competitive Forces (行業競爭五大動力), 1980提出嘅 Four Generic Strategies (四個一般策略), 1985年再提出嘅 Value-Chain Analysis (價值鏈分析), 讀過任何 business school 嘅同學都應該學過。 佢今年已經七十四歲, 唔知仲可以教多幾耐書,有幸我2017年去哈佛大學親身上過佢課程,畢生受用。
今次我就一連七集,同你分享呢本書 Understnding Michael Porter。
(1) Competition, what's the right mindset? 你應該點諗「競爭」?
(2) What are the Industry Competitive 5 Forces? 什麼是行業的五大動力? 對你利潤有什麼影響?
(3) Competitive advantage through your value chain 你的企業價值鏈如何令你有競爭優勢?
(4) What is strategy? How do you create value? 什麼是策略 ? 你如何創造價值?
(5) The trade-offs. 要「取」得更多,就要「捨」得更多。 做生意如何「取捨」?
(6) Fit. 成間公司要言行一致! 全部力要向同一個方向走。
(7) Continuity. 持續性,無得急! 路遙知馬力!
有興趣聽多啲,就來我七/八月份星期六嘅早餐會啦! 下一集同你先講 (1) What is competition? what's the right mindset? 乜嘢係「競爭」? 你應該點諗「競爭」?
第一集:
哈佛知識分享:《何謂競爭? 你應點諗競爭?》What is competition? What's the right mindset?
一連七集: 今集同你先講《何謂競爭? 你應點諗競爭?》What is competition? What's the right mindset?
做生意你可以 Me Too, Me Better 或者 .... Me What? 乜嘢? 等陣再講。
Me too, 就係「人做你做」, 你要贏,只能夠鬥平! 同一碟乾炒牛河, 如果一樣味道,你就係要賣平啲,人哋先幫襯你。
Me better,就係你做得叻啲,你做得好啲、快啲、靚啲、新啲, 咁你就可以收貴啲! 你碟乾炒牛河,真材實料的,好味啲,就可以賣貴啲。
可惜前兩者,都係一個零和遊戲。 你贏,就人哋輸。 人哋贏,就你輸。個餅係得咁大,你日日講 market share (市場佔有率),但無新行業價值製造過, 個餅冇大到。
根據哈佛策略教授 Michael Porter, 做生意除咗 Me Too, Me Better, 你要盡量做到 NOT Me Best ... but ME ONLY. Be unique! 你做生意必需具獨特性。
佢話做生意 there is simply NO BEST! 冇話「最好」,因為唔同人客有唔同需要,你嘅產品啱,他們自然有需求。你要「創造需要」!
包括我在內, 之前香港都無「商舖基金」,買賣舖只有鬥平鬥靚。 但如果間鋪又要靚,又賣得平,硬係無錢賺。唯有靠大市升。但萬一唔升? 一個社運/肺炎,馬上個個炒家/投資者停晒。 依家個市好啲, 馬上「短炒」出返曬嚟。 但我覺得做生意係唔可以靠個市升去賺錢。 要個市跌,甚至乎大跌,都搵到食,咁先至係一盤生意。 容許我好自豪地講,社運/肺炎後,我哋買入咗31間香港街舖,沽出咗11間,合共約港幣7.9億嘅街舖,沽得嘅,間間賺錢,論宗數及論回報,都係同期全港 by far,I mean really really by far 最多! 我哋點做? 就係因為我哋行咗 Michael Porter 所講嘅,Be Unique ... be ME ONLY.
根據呢本書,Understanding Michael Porter, 佢講 what's the right mind-set for competition? 你應該點諗競爭?
盡量得,你應該諗 Not be the the best, but be unique。 唔係要做到最好,而係做到最獨特。
Not be number 1, but earn higher returns. 唔係要做到第一,而係要多啲回報,賺多啲錢!
Not focus on market share, but focus on profits. 唔係要市佔率,係要利潤。
Not serve the "best" customer with "best" product, but meet the diverse needs of target customers. 唔係要「最好」嘅產品,畀「最好」嘅客。而係 用唔同嘅產品,滿足唔同顧客嘅需求。
Not compete by imitation, but compete by innovation. 唔係人做你做,而係要創新!
Not ZERO SUM game, but POSITIVE SUM. 唔係「零和遊戲」、互相廝殺, 而係大家從不同層面創造價值, 可以有好多個贏家。
記住競爭,唔代表你一定要贏人。 打到兩敗俱傷,又有乜意思呢? 如果即使你打唔打低人,自己能夠賺多啲錢,咁又 why not? 點解要去打低人呢?
"Strategy explains how an organization, faced with competition, will achieve superior performance. The definition is deceptively simple." by Michael Porter.
好的策略,就係能夠解釋到點解有競爭對手環境下,你公司依然能夠達致較高回報。
Operation effectiveness is different from having a good strategy. 有高嘅營運效率,唔代表有好嘅策略。
Michael Porter 話 Operation effectivness 就好似隻老鼠喺個圈入面係咁跑咁, 無論你點跑得快,你都只係繼續喺個圈入面。 你可以勤力啲、做得快啲、做得好啲,但始終你繼續都係喺個圈入面。
但有好嘅策略,a good strategy , 就能幫你跳出呢個圈,帶去你想去嘅地方。
"If rivals all pursue the "one best way" to compete, they will find themselves on collision course." by Michael Porter
「如果所有競爭對手,都朝著一個「做到最好」的方向競爭, 大家只會撞到頭破血流。」
"Strategic competition means choosing a path different from that of others." by Michael Porter
「策略性競爭是指揀一條同競爭對手唔同的路。」
好似間茶餐廳咁, 你可以炒餸快啲,上菜快啲,服務好啲,埋單走多兩轉, 但係始終都係一間茶餐廳,只係做緊 Me Too 或者 Me Better. 人哋唔去你嗰間,就去另一間,係一個「零和遊戲」。 無論你點做得快啲、好啲,競爭對手一樣都會嘗試追上。 無策略,你會跑得好辛苦。 喺個圈入面繼續跑來跑去。
另一種諗法,或者你可以把間茶餐廳, 變成專做外賣, 加埋其他餐廳上你平台, 加下加下,變下變下,變成間 Deliveroo。同前者一樣,大家都係做食,但你專做外賣,咁你會唔會係 more unique? 更獨特! Earn higher returns, compete by innovation AND 做大啲個餅 positive sum game 呢? 會唔會有原本唔想食茶餐廳嘅人,都叫咗外賣返屋企食呢? Deliveroo 依家倫敦上市嘅市值係超過500億港幣, 試問有幾多間茶餐廳或飲食集團能做到呢?
唔想咁大改變? 試想想賣漢堡包。 麥當勞係全球最大快餐店,唔駛講。 佢嘅漢堡包係賣得最快,最多! 但你識唔識呢個女人? Lynsi Snyder. In-N-Out Burger 第三代接班人。
Michael Porter 話相比起麥當勞,佢唔係要最快最大最多,In-N-Out Burger 係要最新鮮嘅食材,never frozen, never microwaved,最有傳統風味,最具 family tradition 家族色彩, 餐牌/秘方基本上70年都不變過。McDonald / Burger King 餐牌有超過80樣嘢揀,佢只得少過15。
佢要嘅係家庭傳統 family tradition! 佢係要做少啲,做好啲,每人分多啲。雖然每間分店都賺到錢, 以舖比舖,平均每間In-N-Out Burger 舖嘅營業額係每年450萬美金,高過麥當勞的舖平均每年260萬美金,高出七成。每間 In-N-Out 舖嘅 Profit margin 估計高達20%,比同行競爭對手亦高出一倍, 佢就係要特登開少啲,開慢啲。用咗70年時間, 只係開咗三百幾間,全部自己直接經營兼自置物業, 為咗容易管理,絕大部分分店都係喺美國西岸。 佢每開一間分店往往啲人都要大排長龍, 有人揸幾個鐘頭車,甚至乎搭飛機/酒店過夜專登去食。
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因為每間舖賺到錢,個個員工人工都特別高。例如,根據網上薪酬統計網站 Glassdoor.com,In-N-Out Burger 嘅 Store Manager 店長平均人工加花紅,係年薪美金16萬3千元。 麥當勞? 係美國只係4萬4千美金。In-N-Out Burger 高出近3倍。 最基層員工,人工都比市場高出5成。人工高,自然員工做耐啲,平均Store Manager 店長都做17年,員工上下一家人感覺強啲,對人客笑容自然多啲,服務好啲。
比起麥當勞,佢哋唔係鬥快鬥多。In-N-Out Burger 每個客往往都要等成起碼十分鐘先有漢堡包食。提起 Mobile ordering 手機落單, 咁啲人客唔使等咁耐? 聽下佢 CEO Lynsi Snyder 點講?
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Be definition of Michael Porter, In-N-Out Burger is pursuing a different path from that of others. 行緊條自己嘅路。Be unique! Not to be number 1, but to earn higher returns. Not to focus on market share, but on profit. 唔同嘅客有唔同需求,既然自己回報可以高啲,點解需要打低競爭對手呢? Positive Sum Game, 個餅係做大咗! 雖然佢聲稱永遠都唔搞 franchise,永遠唔搞上市,全部自己親自經營,根據2021年福布斯富豪榜,In-N-Out 第三代老闆 Lynsi Snyder 身家現有36億美金,係榜內最年輕女士。 麥當勞嘅創辦人呢? 都唔知去咗邊度!
你呢? 你又打算點樣同人競爭? 記住,Michael Porter 話:
"In the vast majority of businesses, there is simply no such thing as "the best.""
絕大部分嘅生意, 冇嘢叫做絕對嘅「最好」!
BE UNIQUE. 做到 ME ONLY!
"Winning without beating others!" 「唔使打低競爭對手都勝出!」咁先至係「贏」嘅最高境界。
有興趣聽多啲 Michael Porter,就來我七/八月份星期六嘅早餐會啦! 下集我再同你講 (2) What are the Industry Competitive 5 Forces? 什麼是行業的五大動力? 對你利潤有什麼影響?
有時間就睇埋幾年前 CBS 對In-N-Out Burger 嘅報導,家族經歷過幾次嘅悲劇,依家留到第三代,佢哋嘅堅持可能亦對你做生意有所啟發。
第二集:
哈佛知識分享: What are the Industry Competitive 5 Forces? 什麼是行業的五大動力? 對你利潤有什麼影響?
The real point of competition is not to beat rivals. It's to earn profits.
競爭,最重要唔係要打低競爭 對手,而係要賺錢! - My favorite quote from Michael Porter.
今次一連七集同你講 Michael Porter. 上集同你講咗《何謂競爭? 你應點諗競爭?》What is competition? What's the right mindset? 今集同你講 (2) What are the Industry Competitive 5 Forces? 什麼是行業的五大動力? 對你利潤有什麼影響?
巴菲特 Warren Buffett 曾經講過: “When a management with a reputation for brilliance tackles a business with a reputation for poor fundamental economics, it is the reputation of the business that remains intact.”
當好聲譽嘅經理, 遇上差回報聲譽嘅行業,通常係行業嘅聲譽會繼續留低。
因此我經常話「先揀行業,後諗點做!」 做生意就好似賽馬比賽咁,要勝出,行業就係隻馬,老闆就係個騎師。 隻馬識飛嘅,騎師煲兩口煙都能勝出, 如果佢再加把勁, 鞭多兩下,咁就不得了, 可能賺到盤滿缽滿! 但如果隻馬係跛嘅,唔通騎師跑埋一份咩?! 咁就騎師唯有先要醫番好隻馬,再去比賽, 咁勝出機會率才更大。
但如何分析隻馬 (即係個行業) fit 唔 fit? 根據哈佛大學最出名嘅策略教授 Michael Porter,佢1979年首次提出嘅 Porter's Five Competitive Forces (行業競爭五大動力), 從五個層面分析個行業得唔得, 亦都係可以就住呢五個層面加強隻馬嘅競爭力。
分別係:
(1) Bargaining Power of Buyers 買家的議價能力。
(2) Bargaining Power of Suppliers 供應商的議價能力。
(3) Barriers to Entry 入行門檻。
(4) Threat of Substitutes 代替品的威脅。
(5) Internal Rivalry 內部競爭的激烈程度。
近年好多人提出,應再加多第6個:
(6) Availability of Complements 互補商品的存在。
要賺錢就係希望價錢 (Price) 高過成本 (Cost), 相差越大,你就賺錢越多。 但你要賺錢,你要知道你唔單止係同你競爭對手爭緊, 你同一時間係同緊你嘅買家、供應商、代替品、及潛在入行競爭者爭! 逐個逐個同你講,因為:
(1) 越大買家的議價能力 Bargaining Power of Buyers,就會把你價錢越撳低, 因為買家佢哋會講價,所以唔可以太依賴某個買家。
一般嚟講,如果最大嘅客戶佔你超過10%營業額,或者最大五個客戶佔你25%或以上營業額, 你就有customer concentration risk, 過份客戶集中的風險。 因為你好怕佢哋走, 佢哋議價能力就自然提升。 好多廠,某個歐美大客訂單都分分鐘佔咗超過一半生意額, 因此經常畀人牽住鼻子走,好多嘢做,但賺唔到錢。
"Powerful buyers will force prices down or demand more value in the product, thus capturing more of the value for themselves." by Michael Porter
「議價能力強嘅買家,會把價格推低或者對產品要求提升, 從而買家自己得到更大價值。」
包括我自己在內, 前排某大美資基金,管理美金資產幾百億,話同俾我幾十億同我合作投資商舖,但條件多多, 又呢樣又嗰樣 ... 唔只一間,仲有好多其他,我全部 say No。 就係因為我唔想過份依靠某大客,當我無本事。 我想細細間,慢慢增長,玩耐啲。遠遠好過霎時間爆發得太快,遲早市況一逆轉就爆鑊。
我成日話,我每季只係希望集資港幣6000萬,加我自己 top up 25%, 冇咁大個頭,唔好戴咁大頂帽 。我自己個 fund 每季集資,每年淨資產增長四五億港幣,每個月拉勻買入港幣5000萬街舖,沽2000萬,I'm happy! 買下買下,好快就買足1000間街舖。要依賴就依賴我自己,信得過多好多。
為咗增長,你又有冇過份依賴某個或幾個大客呢? 如果佢哋鏈你或者執咗,你又會點呢?
仲有, 唔單止客人大,佢哋嘅議價能力先至強。如果你嘅產品係市場係冇乜差異化, no differentiation, 人做你做, me too strategy, 個個都係度格價的話,佢哋買家議價能力都係好強。因為人哋平一蚊,佢哋就走咗,buyers are very "price sensitive", 你為咗留客,唯有減價。因此,you have to be different, 同其他競爭對手有所唔同, 咁即是你加價,買家都留低幫襯你。 但問心,你盤生意同人哋又有幾唔同呢?
(2) 越大供應商的議價能力 Bargaining Power of Suppliers,就會把你成本提升,因為供應商佢哋會加價。員工、舖嘅業主都係間茶餐廳嘅供應商。 銀行就係財務公司嘅供應商, 我最大嘅供應商就係嗰班沽舖嘅業主, 因為每個月我洗緊五千萬入貨。
"Powerful suppliers will charge higher prices or insist on more favorable terms, lowering industry profitability." by Michael Porter
「議價力強嘅供應商,會收貴啲價錢,或者要求更有利嘅條款 ,導致降低成個行業嘅利潤率。」
香港好多生意都係代理某品牌/產品或 franchise (特許經營)開始,佢哋都係供應商。但如果咁多年不斷都只係靠做代理/franchise,好就好,萬一外國某品牌易手或同第二代唔啱,咁就大鑊。
Michael Porter 話,如果 switching cost (轉換成本)係高嘅, 例如果佢哋要重新當地請人 、重新開舖、重新鋪設個網絡,供應商都可能焗住留低,佢哋嘅 bargaining power (議價能力)會下降。 但如果, 一下子終止代理或 franchise 協議,就所有嘢歸佢,咁你就大鑊! 供應商嘅議價能力極強, 就好似香港嘅7-11咁。
7-11而家在香港開到一千間分店,當中大約400間係特許經營。話就話係特許經營比創業者創業,實質上所有嘢都係歸牛奶公司 (7-11母公司), 加盟者其實只係攞住嚿錢打份工, 話走就走,人客都唔知發生乜事。 問心,你同我都唔知邊間7-11是嗰400間特許經營。咁樣供應商的議價能力 bargaining power of supplier 就極強。 因此, 我認識好多711的加盟者, 勤力守規矩一定搵到食,但發達,住山頂洋樓養番狗?! 我 so far 仲未聽過。
做生意目標,根據 Michael Porter, 就係要把你嘅供應商議價能力降低。 從多啲唔同渠道入貨,流程盡量標準化,好似大家樂/McDonald's 咁,咁對員工既依賴程度亦都會降低。 做代理嘅,就 make sure 即使唔做,啲人物、網絡係歸你。 我識好多朋友,都係一面做代理,另一邊就建立自己品牌, 打長短棍做生意。 代理係短棍(賺錢),自己品牌係長棍(投資),睇長線。
你又打算點降低你對供應商嘅依賴程度, 增強你自己嘅議價能力呢?
(3) 越低入行門檻 Barrier of Entry 就會把你價錢下降及成本提升, 因為多人入嚟爭,自然大家都減價促銷及加價搶人搶貨。
"Entry barriers protect an industry from newcomers who would add new capacity." by Michael Porter
入行門檻會減低新加入者增加產量。 產量多,自然價格下跌。 向供應放入貨都會多咗,亦都會搶高來貨價。 因此做生意嘅你,就要盡將個入行門檻提升。主要有三方法:
(1) 做到好大,有規模經濟(economies of scale), 咁你每件貨生產嘅平均成本就會下降,即是規模報酬遞增(increasing returns to scale), 咁競爭對手就好難入嚟同你爭。
(2) 做到好專, 只要你有某專業知識,人客就會好依賴獨有技能。 例如我自己唔單止淨係投資地產,我係專買街舖。 我唔單止係領展/黑石等大地產基金,大我唔夠他們大,但我係專買香港五六千萬以下街舖嘅商舖基金。 當你做得專,人客自然好難搵替代品。
(3) 當多一個人客使用,對原本個人客價值就提升,this is what we call "Network Effect" (網絡效應)。例如whatsapp/wechat/facebook/youtube,全世界只得你一個人用就冇用,越人用對你嘅價值就提升。
如果你有齊以上三樣嘢,恭喜你,新競爭對手好難入嚟同你爭! 你有排賺錢。 但如果你三樣都冇,你只係 Me too Me Better 嘅策略的話, 我估你只會繼續浮浮沉沉, survive (生存) and sustain (持續)唔難, 但好難 become super successful (好成功).
第四動力 : (4) 越大代替品的威脅 Threat of Substitites 就會把你價格下降, 因為人客可以選擇其他商品,唔駛用你。
"Substitutes - products or services that meet the same basic need as the industry's product in a different way - put a cap on industry profitability. " by Michael Porter
「產品或者服務嘅代替品, 會把整個行業嘅利潤封頂。」
例如 DVD rental 租碟, 令到好多人唔駛買碟. 有 Netflix 嘅 streaming 就唔駛再去租碟。 有高鐵就搭少啲飛機, 有whatsapp就打少啲電話, 有數碼相機就少人用菲林相機。It's all true!
因此你經常都要諗下你嘅行頭會唔會突然間有代替品 substitutes 去衝擊你成個行業。 咁你點應對呢?
包括我自己在內,有網購,就自然落少間舖買嘢。 因此長遠舖價必定受網購影響。 但我只買街舖, 香港有大約有十萬間街舖, 我只想好似7-11咁,當中揸住一千間,我係業主。即1%。 我相信網購點發達,都唔會快過你行過條街口喝入去7-11買包嘢飲。 因此我揀舖都要好小心。 我只買街埔,係因為街舖冇新供應。 網站可以有好多個,商場可以再起一千個,但街鋪無。 啟德、東涌、將軍澳、明日大嶼都好,都係無街舖賣。 物以罕為貴。而我盡量都只買可以做飲食及服務業嘅街舖, 難被網購取代。如果純粹做零售、乾貨,投資就要好小心。
你行頭嘅產品或者服務,又輕唔輕易被替代品取代呢?
最後 (5) 越大內部競爭的激烈程度 Internal Rivalry 價格就越低及成本也越高,因為大家同行都鬥平鬥靚, 可能導致割喉式競爭。
"If rivalry is intense, companies compete away the value they create, passing it on to buyers in lower prices or dissipating it in higher costs of competing." by Michael Porter
如果行頭有割喉式競爭,任何價值製造嘅利潤, 都會因為減價或者成本上升而消失。
咁你又點知道你個行頭易唔易會有割喉式競爭? 睇6樣嘢:
(1) 大家競爭對手係唔係差唔多大細,好多好散。好似街市咁,咁就好容易減價競爭。 但如突然有一兩個大嘅龍頭冒起, 好似百佳/惠康咁,反而會穩定價格。
(2) 大家賣嘅產品差唔多, 好容易格價。 例如手機品牌、電子產品。
(3) 好多人入嚟爭,唔係為錢而爭, 而係為社會貢獻或者國家任務而爭。
(4) 整體行業增長好慢, 甚至乎收縮,變成「困獸鬥」
(5) 產品係 "perishable" 即係 時間係敵人! 呢一刻唔要,之後想要返都唔得。 例如: 酒店房,今晚唔住,聽日就有其他人。 機位今日唔答,聽日就已經飛走咗。 因此今日就大家都要劈價求售。
(6) High Exit Barrier 高離開行業嘅門檻, 好多生意,唔係話走就走,好多面子面俾、好多員工要炒、好多數要找、 老豆、阿爺留落嚟, 阿孫阿仔焗住要做, 有生意但唔識變通嘅,唯有減價。
"Price competition is the most dangerous form of rivalry." by Michael Porter
價格競爭係最危險嘅競爭。
好彩我選擇買舖。因為間間街舖都唔同,有獨特,無炒家會入嚟做蝕本生意,即時今日唔減價賣,一百年後間舖都仲喺度,時間係朋友,舖價仲分分鐘升咗。
自問,平時你又有幾大劈價求售嘅壓力呢? 你點樣可以做得獨特性,唔同人哋割喉式競爭呢? 把時間變成朋友呢?
以上就係 Michael Porter 1979年首次提出嘅 Porter's Five Competitive Forces (行業競爭五大動力), 近年好多人都提倡應該有第六個。
(6) Availability of Complements 互補商品的存在 (仲於有個好嘢!) 。越多就越把價錢提升及成本下降,因為多咗馬路 (車嘅 complements) 就自然更多人想買車, 更多人想買車,就自然車價格上升,每架車生產及銷售成本也下降。
做餐廳嘅,Deliveroo 可能係 complements 互補品, 馬上送外賣成本下降。 做電動車嘅,多啲充電站就係互補品,令到多啲人買電動車。4G/5G 上網快咗,係手機遊戲嘅 completment. 唔同嘅 Apps 都係買手機嘅 completment. 越多人創業,都係我買舖嘅 complement.
Michael Porter 話做生意,就要明白以上五加一項的行業推動力,點樣影響整個行業嘅利潤。 頭五樣,is not Add-Up effect,唔係睇總和,而係只要一個差至極點, 成個行頭及你盤生意好易玩完。
例如有咗手機網上新聞之後, threat of substitute 代替品嘅威脅,舊式嘅報紙檔/雜誌社就執一間少一間。 如果你做餐廳只得一間舖,咁多年來太依賴某業主單一位置, 唔知係咪因為風水好定心頭好,萬一業主一沽舖,下手買家大幅加租,盤生意也馬上玩完。記住 Bargain power of supplier 業主就係你供應商, 如果你冇得搬,佢議價能力就好強。
因此,做生意你就係要盡量想辦法, 把握以上五加一動力,加強你自己嘅生意穩定性及賺錢能力。記住,一開場我話:
The real point of competition is not to beat rivals. It's to earn profits.
競爭,最重要唔係要贏對手,而係要賺錢! 要賺錢,長遠賺得穩定,就要好好把握頭5大動力,把他們盡量推下降,及第6動力盡量拉上升。
有興趣一齊研究下點做? 聽多啲 Michael Porter,就來我七/八月份星期六嘅早餐會啦! 下集我再同你講 (3) Competitive advantage through your value chain 你的企業價值鏈如何令你更具競爭優勢?
。。。。。
My hobby 《星期六早餐會》!
七/八/九月份早餐會 Topic: Applying "Michael Porter" to your business: How to compete and win!
哈佛分享: 如何應用「米高波特」於你盤生意? 點競爭? 點贏?
講起哈佛策略教授, 無人出名過 Michael Porter. 有幸我2017年在哈佛親身上過他教的課程, 今次早餐會同你分享,希望對你做生意亦有所啟發。
有興趣參加啦 😃 每次限四位 (包括我)。 人多傾唔到計。
7月/8月份,逢星期六早上9時開始,約三小時半。地點中環。
對象: 中小企老闆/創業者/公司管理層,連我限4位。
有興趣參加的話,請 whatsapp 你的名片給 Suki (我助手) (+852) 5566 1335。
我唔係靠呢行搵食,免費,我請食早餐 😉 Be friends ..... 有機會到時見你。李根興 Edwin
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#michael_porter #競爭策略
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7月份節目歌單【好事自在Latte】
⛅️7/31(三)
2:03:36 PMJust Dance & Just Distu/Lady Gaga
2:07:23 PMPOSA POSA/松田丸子
2:11:30 PM嗆司嗆司/羅志祥
2:18:41 PMshut up/Greyson Chance
2:21:26 PM一光年/5666
2:26:04 PMBack to You/BEAST
2:33:46 PM光年之外/文慧如/邱鋒澤
2:37:35 PMCriminal/ Britney Spears
2:42:24 PM藍天/圖騰
2:48:20 PMmy all.../小柳由紀
2:54:21 PM犀利Girl/Spexial
3:04:03 PM愛不對人/江蕙
3:07:20 PM我捨不得/何維健
3:11:49 PMMalibu/Miley Cyrus
3:18:19 PMMiss you/M-Flo/Melody/山下智久
3:24:08 PM遇見你/阿喜
3:27:46 PM先不要/陳漢典
3:33:58 PMI Believe I Can Fly/Ronan Keating
3:38:38 PM走味的咖啡/林晏如
3:42:45 PM一起去跑步/宇宙人
3:50:25 PMnobody but me/Michael Buble
3:54:30 PM就想和你在一起/小旺福
4:03:57 PM愛我/柯以敏
4:08:12 PM謎之音/曾沛慈
4:12:34 PMSomebody To Love/BIGBANG
4:18:39 PMLabels or Love /Fergie
4:22:21 PM9453/玖壹壹
4:30:50 PM洋蔥/丁噹
4:36:58 PMLove Is Over/德永英明
4:44:40 PMSo Many People/Two Door Cinema club
4:49:27 PM獨一無二的女孩/謝沛恩
4:53:08 PMEverybody Woohoo/吳青峰/9m88
🐳7/30(二)
2:04:12 PMLollipop 棒棒糖/倖田來未
2:07:31 PMSuper Model/S.H.E
2:11:05 PMGet Out/MP 魔幻力量
2:17:37 PMPink Magic/SUPER JINIOR-藝聲
2:20:47 PM分享愛/郭富城
2:27:59 PM第一次/光良
2:32:15 PM微戀愛/暉倪
2:37:52 PMWait/Maroon 5
2:40:57 PM美/王力宏
2:47:29 PMYou'll See/Madonna
2:53:04 PM時尚狗/伍佰
3:03:56 PM我上大聲/賴銘偉
3:07:39 PM陌生人/Soler
3:11:44 PMIt's My Party/Jessie J
3:18:25 PMKingdom of The Pretty/Bonnie Bailey
3:23:54 PM2020愛你愛妳/By2
3:31:39 PM只要你快樂/汪佩蓉
3:36:14 PM虹色/絢香
3:39:50 PMPerfect/MFM
3:46:43 PMFalling/李尚恩
3:49:18 PM風和日麗/自然捲
3:54:25 PML.O.V.E/郭采潔
4:04:03 PM從來不肯對你說/林志炫
4:09:51 PM你喔/蘇打綠
4:13:58 PMDiamonds/Rihanna
4:21:57 PM鏡像世界/陳惠婷
4:26:15 PMTHE OTHER SIDE/Jason Derulo
4:33:41 PM喜歡/古巨基
4:39:14 PMShow Me/Jessica Sutta
4:46:11 PM最佳前任/品冠
4:49:13 PM風/可苦可樂
4:54:06 PM萬個捨不得/莊心妍
🍧7/29(一)
14:04:04講不聽/張韶涵
14:07:44走開 你哪位/關詩敏
14:11:08Timber/Pitbull/Ke$ha
14:18:06陽光燦爛的原因/鄭茵聲
14:22:26春泥/庾澄慶
14:26:32Dip!Dip!Dip!/拉格菲爾
14:34:20一舞鍾情/A-Lin
14:38:31For The First Time/John Legend
14:46:50Come to Mami/袁詠琳/MP 魔幻力量
14:49:54Amazing-Bad Lady/Cross Gene
14:53:44有你的快樂/王若琳
15:04:03男人KTV/黃文星
15:08:43體面/于文文
15:13:18旅人~Voyager/V6
15:24:29On the floor/JENNIFER LOPEZ
15:29:01Mr.Q/蔡依林
15:36:01隨意/郭靜
15:39:09快樂鳥日子/康晉榮
15:46:35星星/BTOB
15:51:25第一天/孫燕姿
15:55:31娃娃國/Sonic Deadhorse
16:03:56夢醒時分/陳淑樺
16:07:46Goodnight/李幸倪/BCW
16:11:52Unsteady/X Ambassadors
16:17:58Love Story/Taylor Swift
16:21:01I Feel So Good/妮可醬
16:30:04我很好/劉若英
16:34:26不再相愛的一天/ROY KIM
16:39:32BRAVE IT OUT/GENERATIONS
16:45:52盲點/郭修彧
16:50:24來愛我啦/徐若瑄
16:53:59Na Na Na/One Direction
💫7/26(五)
2:04:04 PM隔壁某某/孔令奇
2:07:17 PM辦不到/張靚穎/大嘴巴
2:10:28 PMHey Sexy Lady/Shaggy
2:16:38 PM那女孩對我說/黃義達
2:21:03 PM轉身以後/小男孩樂團
2:24:48 PMMaria/LoveHolic
2:31:55 PM愛斯基摩/蔡黃汝
2:35:21 PMI Like It/安立奎
2:40:17 PM你的樣子/齊秦
2:48:20 PM我們/陳奕迅
2:53:39 PMWe Got Time/時尚一派
3:04:03 PM黑白舞/張文綺
3:07:43 PMPlayer/C.T.O
3:10:53 PMTe Aviso Te Anuncio/Shakira
3:17:33 PM兩難/戴佩妮
3:21:33 PMTimeLess Affection/久保田利伸
3:30:00 PMtake a bow/Rihanna
3:33:41 PM辣台妹/頑童MJ116
3:38:04 PM謝謝你曾經讓我悲傷/原子邦妮
3:45:10 PM流明/HUSH
3:48:10 PMYoungblood/5 Seconds Of Summer
3:52:38 PM你看你看月亮的臉/孟庭葦
4:03:56 PM我是真的愛你/李宗盛
4:08:18 PM一半/萬芳
4:12:28 PMThe World of OZ/酷懶之味Clazziq
4:19:03 PMMad Love/Mabel
4:21:47 PM想你想你/王心凌
4:30:07 PM殘酷月光/林宥嘉
4:34:30 PM為你流的淚/侯湘婷
4:39:24 PMYellow/木村kaela
4:46:00 PM你想成為什麼樣的人/陳威全
4:50:02 PM戀愛應援團/安心亞
4:53:35 PMCall me maybe/Carly Rae Jepsen
💃7/25(四)
14:04:04POSA POSA/松田丸子
14:08:08大開眼界/羅志祥
14:11:27If We Ever Meet Again/Timbaland
14:19:12Catch The Wave/Def Tech
14:24:00無樂不作/范逸臣
14:31:54至少還有你/林憶蓮
14:36:21盲點/郭修彧
14:41:50I Love It/Icona Pop/CharlTHIS
14:47:41Beautiful/BEAST
14:52:22想要跟你飛/鳳飛飛
15:04:03拍謝啦/PiA吳蓓雅
15:08:18黃昏/周傳雄
15:13:45Men Are No Good /WINTERPLAY
15:21:15國王操場/絲襪小姐
15:24:57眾神LOOK YOU/棒球熊
15:34:33射手/MP 魔幻力量
15:38:26像我這樣的人/Mamamoo
15:44:46演員/薛之謙
15:50:11快樂搜尋/潘嘉麗
15:53:09DOING IT/Charli XCX
16:03:56愛情限時批/伍佰
16:06:35海浪/黃品源
16:11:21七夕祭典/手越增田
16:17:08觸電/黃宇曛
16:20:38情字這條路/潘越雲
16:25:39我愛你Beach/BOXING
16:34:07Falling Free 完全墜落/Madonna
16:40:24愛極限/許慧欣
16:47:34倒霉農場/Lulu黃路梓茵
16:50:56Let's Lollipop/阿Ken/納豆
16:53:26bye bye/BENI
👩🎤7/24(三)
2:04:11 PMMove Your Body/Sia
2:08:09 PM討厭 Tell Me/郭美美
2:15:34 PMWolf At Your Door/Chloe x Halle
2:19:26 PMAlways Online/林俊傑
2:28:06 PMHoney/郭書瑤
2:31:20 PM戀愛祭典/NEWS
2:36:37 PM葉子/張智成
2:45:16 PM你是不是不是人/管罄
2:48:49 PMMr.Boogie/f(x)
2:52:54 PM愛的初體驗/張震嶽
3:03:56 PM空笑夢/蔡振南
3:08:53 PM當我們在同一個世界/黃綺珊/蕭敬騰
3:13:20 PMArmy Of Me/Christina AguilLra
3:19:43 PM我喜歡妳走起路來的樣子/李英宏
3:24:01 PMJewel/Cash Cash/Nikki
3:31:54 PM下雨天/張傑
3:36:24 PMRemember/APINK
3:44:43 PM日不落/潘裕文
3:48:28 PM壁咚(未完成)孫子涵
3:53:29 PM人魚/安室奈美惠
4:04:03 PM一見鍾情/藍心湄
4:07:57 PM最佳前任/品冠
4:10:54 PM忘不了此刻的你/陽光直人
4:18:09 PMI Don't Care/Ed Sheeran
4:21:45 PM心跳/弦子
4:29:59 PM我多麼羨慕你/張洪量
4:33:23 PM不好意思/卜星慧
4:38:34 PMLUCIFER/SHINee
4:45:43 PMTalk/Two Door Cinema club
4:50:08 PM雷達/蔡詩蕓
4:53:39 PM給我一杯/余文樂
👄7/23(二)
2:04:05 PM跟我一起怪/神木與瞳
2:07:48 PM了不起/張惠妹
2:11:31 PMUnder Contro/Calvin Harris
2:17:56 PMFeedback/BoA
2:21:09 PMMiss壞/周湯豪
2:30:35 PM那些年/胡夏
2:36:36 PMBack To You/Louis Tomlinson
2:45:09 PM幸福之歌/Supper Moment
2:49:58 PMSexy,Free & Single/SUPER JUNIOR
3:04:03 PM感謝你/趙傳
3:08:21 PM不是時候/江美琪
3:12:38 PMWhistle/Flo Rida
3:19:34 PM愈慢愈美麗/蔡依林
3:22:30 PMTABOO/倖田來未
3:31:34 PM盲點/郭修彧
3:35:56 PMSign Of The Times/Harry Styles
3:41:28 PMI PROMISE YOU/Wanna One
3:48:26 PM誰是最愛/陳小春/蜜雪薇琪
3:52:25 PM愛情/莫文蔚
4:03:56 PM光陰的故事/羅大佑
4:07:33 PM星星墜落時/汪蘇瀧
4:12:23 PMGive It 2 Me/Madonna
4:20:07 PM趕快打電話/糯米團
4:23:16 PMWake me up.Before you go/Wham!
4:31:59 PM小薇/黃品源
4:35:08 PM我在這裡快樂/紀文惠
4:39:39 PMFrench Kiss/泫雅
4:46:07 PM死定了/自由發揮
4:49:51 PM自成一派/鄧福如
4:52:51 PMFollow Me/E-girls
🗣7/22(一)
2:04:11 PM你以為/宇宙人
2:07:32 PMSay Yeah/藍心湄/謝和弦
2:10:49 PMBeautiful Trauma/P!nk
2:18:20 PM上了癮/信
2:21:47 PM旅行的意義/陳綺貞
2:31:39 PM飛向陽光飛向你/脫拉庫
2:35:14 PMGirlfriend/Icona Pop
2:39:10 PMThe Tree of Life/方大同
2:45:55 PMParty queen/濱崎步
2:50:57 PM花季未了/張信哲
3:03:56 PM一支小雨傘/洪榮宏
3:07:16 PM不敢/閻奕格
3:11:57 PMHow Do You Sleep/Sam Smith
3:19:30 PM決定愛你/徐若瑄
3:23:43 PMSoul To Soul/S.E.S
3:31:56 PM夜太黑/林憶蓮
3:36:34 PMLemon/米津玄師
3:40:43 PM大人vs小孩/電話亭
3:47:52 PMLove Myself/Hailee Steinfel
3:53:42 PM喜歡你/鄧紫棋
4:04:02 PM回心轉意/黃鶯鶯
4:08:50 PM你會在哪呢/ 蕭敬騰
4:13:40 PMCalling/B'z
4:22:18 PM未接來電/C.T.O
4:25:36 PMCan't Be Tamed/Miley Cyrus
4:33:20 PM牡丹江/南拳媽媽
4:38:21 PMHymn For The Weekend/Coldplay
4:46:15 PMHan Bok Ha Se Yeo 要幸福/夏宇童
4:49:50 PM綜藝小弟小/強辯樂團
4:53:27 PMTake U High/SS501
☕7/19(五)
2:04:04 PM火鳥功/陶吉吉
2:07:44 PM再見螢火蟲/王菲
2:12:46 PMGood Grief/Bastille
2:18:57 PM裝睡的人/邵雨薇
2:23:13 PM心有獨鍾/陳曉東
2:27:46 PMTrouble Maker/Trouble Maker
2:34:46 PM愛你一萬年/周渝民
2:38:18 PM戀愛花蕾/倖田來未
2:42:32 PM如果雨之後/周興哲
2:50:43 PMThe Middle/Zedd/Maren
2:53:45 PM不好說/許書豪
3:04:03 PM心所愛的人/蔡小虎
3:08:13 PM看走眼/弦子
3:11:50 PMPretty Woman/Robbie Williams
3:17:48 PM初吻/2moro
3:20:53 PMHoliday/DJ Antoine/Akon
3:27:34 PM聽見下雨的聲音/魏如昀
3:32:01 PM為了愛 夢一生/王傑
3:36:32 PMSUN DANCE/Aimer
3:45:17 PM碰碰愛/何維健
3:48:55 PMCRAYON/G-DRAGON
3:53:39 PM讓我感受這夜晚/唐貓
4:03:56 PM哭過的天空/蘇慧倫
4:08:55 PM每每/陳大天
4:12:46 PMTomorrow/IZ*ONE
4:19:00 PMCan't Get You Out Of My Head/Kylie Minogue
4:22:57 PM愛無赦/蔡依林
4:30:46 PM天空/孫燕姿
4:34:57 PM聽說你找到了快樂/林育群
4:40:45 PMBang Bang/Lady Sovereign
4:47:47 PM換日線/紀文惠
4:51:00 PM粉Happy/左左右右
4:53:45 PMBad Girl Good Girl/Miss A
💎7/18(四)
2:04:05 PM在你左右/吳莫愁
2:07:29 PMWe Together/林俊傑
2:11:49 PMGirl女孩/Duffy 黛菲
2:17:28PMSHOOT IT OUT/GENERATIONS
2:22:12 PMCAT and MOUSE/By2
2:29:18 PM回去吧/方炯鑌
2:32:49 PM愛了很久的朋友/田馥甄
2:37:10 PM明天見 Sweet Dreams/EXO-CBX
2:41:21 PM無情的情書/動力火車
2:50:09 PMMake Me Feel/Janelle Monae
2:53:15 PMMoonlight/潘瑋柏/袁婭維
3:04:03 PM蚵仔煎/陳有娜
3:08:01 PMHug Yourself/郭修彧
3:11:50 PMBang Dem Sticks/Meghan Trainor
3:18:51 PM宇宙的邊緣/原子邦妮
3:23:36 PMTogether/Pet Shop Boys
3:30:45 PM對的人/莊心妍
3:35:13 PM愛的就是你/王力宏
3:39:56 PM永不放棄Neva Eva/島谷瞳
3:47:05 PM破吉他/張震嶽
3:52:02 PMDream/李遐怡
4:03:56 PM愛我到今生/藍心湄
4:08:49 PMKisses/松隆子
4:12:50 PM甜甜的/周杰倫
4:19:41 PMI SHOULD HAVE KISSED YOU/One Direction
4:23:13 PMTonight Tonight/柯有倫/解放浪漫
4:30:33 PM太美麗/陶吉吉
4:35:22 PM夢見/王艷薇
4:39:40 PMCherry Pop/AOA
4:46:04 PM怨偶/MC HotDog/艾怡良
4:49:49 PM信者得愛/鄭秀文
4:53:31 PMVacation/G.R.L.
🍿7/17(三)
2:04:11 PM熱/張靚穎
2:07:42 PMMy Dilemma/Selena Gomez
2:10:45 PM哎呀/吳建豪
2:19:07 PMJenny of Oldstones/Florence + The Machine
2:22:11 PM愛從昨夜就停了/黃大煒
2:30:32 PM泰客任務/旺福
2:33:59 PMBody Moves/DNCE
2:39:00 PM小世界/季欣霈
2:47:15 PM過路人/田亞霍/蔡恩雨
2:53:02 PMNO ONE/Alicia Keys
3:03:56 PM惜別的海岸/曾心梅
3:08:11 PMSomebody Loves Somebody/Celine Dion
3:11:45 PMRunning In Place/廖柏雅
3:18:20 PM東岸/BCW/家家
3:22:20 PM蓋世英雄/王力宏
3:25:54 PMLOVE SO SOFT/Kelly Clarkson
3:33:36 P我願意/楊永聰
3:40:07 PM寓言/張韶涵
3:44:09 PMSwing/U-KNOW允浩/BoA
3:50:18 PMMy love/安室奈美惠
3:54:14 PM愛不愛我/大嘴巴
4:04:03 PM奢求/堂娜
4:08:22 PM是緣/楊宗緯
4:12:48 PMDearest/濱崎步
4:20:57 PMWake Up Call/Maroon 5
4:24:07 PM冷水澡/黃立行
4:31:22 PMFor No Reason/王若琳
4:36:57 PMBoom Boom Pow/The Black Eyed pea
4:45:17 PMCan You Feel the Love Tonight/Beyonce
4:48:16 PM不科學公寓/魏如昀
4:52:49 PM彈起來/范瑋琪
🍹7/16(二)
2:04:05 PMMore Water/Waterman
2:06:54 PM五虎/慢慢說樂團
2:10:14 PMAll of your life/Backstreet
2:17:23 PMANGEL/IZ
2:20:59 PM灰色地帶/符瓊音
2:29:55 PM非你莫屬/TANK
2:34:37 PM遠方/林亭翰
2:39:39 PM安啦沒問題/嵐
2:47:40 PMGreen Light/Lorde
2:52:38 PM沒那麼簡單/黃小琥
3:04:03 PM咱攏要幸福/吳申梅
3:08:10 PM我沒有瘋/張芸京
3:13:07 PMDo-Re-Mi/SUPER JUNIOR
3:19:56 PM城市狂響/許書豪
3:23:31 PM那不是雪中紅/JPM
3:27:07 PMYour Love/Nicole Scherzin
3:34:21 PM海嘯/庾澄慶
3:39:00 PMBe the One/nano
3:43:23 PM走跳/頑童MJ116
3:50:16 PM歌舞伎町女王/椎名林檎
3:54:12 PM很自己/伍家輝
4:03:56 PM用盡一生的愛/張克帆
4:08:47 PM不應該勇敢/蘇盈之
4:13:05 PMEASY COME EASY GO/NEWS
4:20:38 PMHappy/Pharrell William
4:24:28 PMBIG GIRL/Selina
4:31:07 PM流星小夜曲/陳昇
4:38:36 PMJust Dance/Lady Gaga
4:46:37 PMLet Me Luv U Down/EXILE 放浪兄弟
4:50:45 PM怨偶/MC HotDog/艾怡良
4:54:16 PM現場直播/潘瑋柏
🎉7/15(一)
2:04:13 PMCake By The Ocean/DNCE
2:07:47 PM鑽石糖/蕭亞軒
2:11:52 PM520/薛凱琪
2:19:16 PM口袋裡的愛/C.T.O/羅志祥/愷樂
2:22:44 PM愛的證明/Puffy 帕妃
2:28:46 PM那一年,這一天/任賢齊/舒淇
2:32:33 PM今夜只為你歌唱/許茹芸
2:38:43 PM愛情遊戲/MOJO
2:41:57 PMBoulevard Of Broken Drea/Green Day
2:49:29 PM再見 美好時光/KARA
2:53:58 PM美人計/蔡依林
3:03:56 PM夢中的情話/江蕙/阿杜
3:08:37 PM我依然是我/王笠人
3:11:45 PMStrawberry Sex/平井堅
3:20:56 PM恰好的寂寞/順子
3:24:26 PMFLOW/方大同/王力宏
3:28:12 PMWHO DO U LOVE/Monsta X/ French Montana
3:34:40 PM尋人啟事/徐佳瑩
3:39:11 PM愛,很簡單/陶吉吉
3:43:28 PMSunny Side Up!/Red Velvet
3:50:06 PMCity of Stars/Ryan Gosling
3:53:33 PMNever The Point/小男孩樂團
4:04:03 PM大雨的夜裡/張清芳
4:07:35 PM放手去愛/吳思賢
4:11:47 PMMy Love Song/Cross Gene
4:18:18 PM喬治克隆人/糯米團
4:22:24 PMBeat it/Michael Jackson
4:30:01 PM不想讓你知道/周蕙
4:34:17 PMOde To My Family/The Cranberries
4:39:52 PMWILD/noovy
4:46:40 PM蘋果派/MAMALAID RAG
4:49:35 PM沒完沒了/李心潔
4:54:02 PM戀愛絕句選/黃雅莉
🎸7/12(五)
2:04:06 PMKung Fu Fighting/Jack Black
2:06:31 PM舞功夫/Saya
2:09:51 PM不如跳舞/陳慧琳
2:15:45 PM有一種悲傷/A-Lin
2:19:32 PMMy Life/德永英明
2:31:02 PMMirror Mirror/M2M
2:34:14 PM單細胞/江明娟
2:38:56 PM天后/陳勢安
2:47:19 PM愛情塵埃 Love Dust/BIGBANG
2:52:15 PM愛呦/陶晶瑩/夢飛船
3:04:03 PM真心換絕情/吳宗憲
3:08:56 PM愛的羅曼死/蔡依林
3:13:32 PMIn The Summertime/Shaggy
3:20:18 PM跳進來/張惠妹/葛仲珊
3:23:19 PM表白/蕭亞軒
3:26:45 PMParty Ain’t Over/Pitbull/Usher
3:35:30 PMEnd Of The Road/Boyz II Men
3:41:18 PMC大調/張韶涵
3:44:37 PMSay U Love Me/南拳媽媽Lara/
3:52:18 PM不可思議愛上你/化學猴子
3:55:40 PMFantasy/ AOA
4:03:56 PM愛情的盡頭/伍佰
4:10:08 PM樂園Paradise/Orange
4:17:13 PMLove Me Now/John Legend
4:20:41 PM現在不跳舞要幹嘛/徐佳瑩
4:24:12 PM真情人/李玟
4:33:10 PM漂亮小姐/陳奕迅
4:38:47 PMNot Fair/Lily Allen
4:45:23 PM法蘭西多士/告五人
4:49:50 PM誰撿到我的夢/林依晨
4:53:36 PMOn My Mind/Ellie Goulding
🎧7/11(四)
2:04:04 PM天氣預報/關詩敏
2:07:14 PM天蠍蝴蝶/阿杜
2:10:23 PMFight The Blues/宇多田 光
2:18:21 PM再見了,唇/Haruleo
2:22:17 PM痛也不說出口的我/楊培安
2:32:13 PMClick Flash/Ciara 席亞拉
2:36:01 PM睡過頭/溫嵐
2:39:51 PM我多麼羨慕你/張洪量
2:43:12 PMOh You Yeah You/俞勝恩
2:49:53 PM愛X無限大/元若藍
2:53:16 PMSugar/Maroon 5
3:04:03 PM花若離枝/蘇芮
3:09:54 PMStill Love You/張立昂
3:16:41 PMDon't Wake Me Up/Chris Brown
3:21:13 PM你在等什麼/汪東城
3:29:30 PM海嘯/有里知花
3:35:33 PM爸爸/李千娜
3:40:15 PM那天/藍又時
3:47:49 PMI Had A Dream/Kelly Clarkson
3:52:47 PM下雨的夜晚/蘇打綠
4:03:56 PM煙雨濛濛/江淑娜
4:08:05 PM就這麼錯過/馬仕釗
4:12:38 PMI don't need a man/Miss A
4:19:13 PM結果咧/大嘴巴
4:23:31 PM爆破前一刻的FUNK/Kick The Can Crew
4:32:33 PM淚崩了/亦帆
4:38:40 PMSan Francisco Bay Blues/The Brothers Four
4:44:29 PM憑什麼/林逸欣
4:48:26 PMHave A Nice Day/Bon Jovi
4:52:04 PM刺青春/F.I.R.飛兒樂團
💠7/10(三)
14:04:11萬人迷不迷/辰亦儒
14:07:36灌溉愛/郭采潔
14:10:53Hey Baby/No Doubt
14:17:44Old Town Road/Lil Nas X
14:20:16小小螞蟻/潘瑋柏
14:28:53Freedom/Love Psychedelico
14:35:18我是不是你最疼愛的人/符瓊音
14:39:48紙人/楊永聰
14:48:04Smack That/AKon/Eminem
14:52:42很愛很愛你/劉若英
15:03:56向前走/林強
15:09:48其實我們都忘了/王艷薇
15:13:24You Should Be Dancing/Bee Gees
15:20:05哭過就好了/梁文音
15:24:50不散的筵席/丁世光
15:34:13超快感/孫燕姿
15:37:49PUPPY/FTISLAND
15:45:53海闊天空/Beyond
15:51:53Woo Hoo/Christina Aguilera/Nicki minaj
16:04:03一生愛你千百回/梅艷芳
16:08:35再見煙火/卓義峰
16:16:27GO FOR IT/西野加奈
16:20:17飛起來/徐懷鈺
16:23:44Viva La Vida/Coldplay
16:32:49雪花/黃品源
16:38:26You See Me/The Lighters
16:45:12Can You Feel The Love To/Elton John
16:49:21還能在一起的時間/喬毓明
16:53:57Um Oh Ah Yeh/Mamamoo
🈵7/9(二)
2:04:06 PMFaded/Alan Walker
2:07:29 PMWhere Will You Go/ 孫盛希
2:11:39 PM一串心/錦繡二重唱
2:18:48 PMPicky Picky/Weki Meki
2:22:02 PM你是我的菜/周湯豪
2:30:54 PM千言萬語/彭佳慧/齊秦
2:35:10 PM原來/林俊傑
2:39:51 PM非愛不可/平井堅
2:48:17 PM愛無所畏/呂薔
2:52:57 PMDrive/The Cars
3:04:03 PM愛的摩卡/黃文星
3:07:17PM刺青春/F.I.R.飛兒樂團
3:12:34PMJump/Every Little Th
3:19:36 PMIs this all/吳建豪/Ryan
3:23:12 PMDon't You Worry Child/Beth 貝絲
3:26:36 PM宇宙的邊緣/原子邦妮
3:36:07 PM愛情多惱河/熊天平
3:40:15 PM心花開/李千娜
3:43:13 PM愛愛愛/FT ISLAND
3:49:57 PMIf I Can't Have You/Shawn Mendes
3:54:13 PM有你的快樂/王若琳
4:03:56 PM飄洋過海來看你/金智娟
4:08:22 PMYesterday/Leona Lewis
4:12:11 PM被愛妄想症/麻吉弟弟/文慧如
4:18:31 PM世界中唯一僅有的花/SMAP
4:22:59 PM小鳥探戈/拜金小姐
4:32:13 PM末班車/蕭煌奇
4:38:01 PMHard To Say Im Sorry/Chicago 芝加哥
4:45:21 PM全新的我/孔晨羽
4:49:42 PMrice Tag/Jessie J
4:53:24 PM海底/鹿含
💠7/8(一)
2:04:12 PMKiss Kiss小親親/Holly Valance
2:07:34 PM花蝴蝶/蔡依林
2:10:37 PM王見王/羅志祥/楊丞琳
2:17:54 PM凌星凝望/Theseus忒修斯
2:22:24 PM不要說話/陳奕迅
2:27:01 PMThe word Friend/Noel
2:35:52 PMMiles Away/Madonna
2:41:47 PM一萬小時/宇宙人
2:50:01 PM騷動/雷光夏
2:53:39 PMJust A Man In Love/桑田佳祐
3:03:56 PM春嬌與志明/潘越雲/陳昇
3:08:38 PM淚光閃閃/夏川里美
3:12:49 PM偷偷愛/方炯鑌
3:21:16 PM凡人/蕭秉治
3:25:44 PMBounce Back/Little Mix
3:28:23 PM乖乖牌/安心亞
3:36:25 PM愛錯/王力宏
3:40:18 PM灌飽元氣頌/關8
3:44:50 PM我爸的筆/魏如萱
3:51:01 PM球鞋蜈蚣/葛仲珊
3:53:38 PMCloser/Ne-Yo
4:04:04 PM一場遊戲一場夢/王傑
4:08:13 PM醉/黃齡
4:13:00 PMNever Give Up/李先鎬
4:18:47 PM啾咪啾咪/卓文萱
4:21:59 PMBring It All Back/S Club 7
4:30:36 PM若你碰到他/蔡健雅
4:37:11 PMVerge/Owl City
4:43:50 PM天生一對/薛凱琪
4:48:41 PMBe my girl/Spexial
4:52:13 PMReady To be A Lady/girl next door
💘7/5(五)
14:04:04有點甜/汪蘇瀧/By2
14:07:43甜蜜花園/林依晨
14:11:15櫻桃/大塚 愛
14:17:45都幾歲了/Ella 陳嘉樺
14:21:41放生/范逸臣
14:26:06On My Mind/Ellie Goulding
14:34:33I Gotta Feeling/David Guetta
14:38:22超級英雄/MP 魔幻力量
14:41:57讓我逃離平庸的生活/白安
14:49:54倫敦大橋垮下來/S.H.E
14:53:16Coffee Shop/CNBLUE
15:04:03車站/張秀卿
15:08:04句點/李玉璽
15:13:01Hit On/小柳由紀
15:20:30Change Your Ticket/One Direction
15:24:49熱戀Cocktail/李雨寰
15:34:15Portrait/Mariah Carey
15:38:09最浪漫的事/趙詠華
15:42:25 飛人/黃奕儒
15:49:17乳臭未乾/徐良/潘卉綺
15:52:13Time of our lives/Ne-Yo/Pitbull
16:03:56選擇/葉蒨文/林子祥
16:08:23放逐愛情/解偉苓
16:12:37盡情去愛的Happy Life/Hey! Say! JUMP
16:19:43哈你歌/庾澄慶/小S
16:23:42Where The Streets Have No Name/Pet Shop Boys
16:33:24許願樹/鄭中基
16:37:47Love You Like A Love Son/Selena Gomez
16:44:01慕靈/黑旋風
16:49:20How We Do Party/Rita Ora
16:53:31講不聽/張韶涵
🤞7/4(四)
14:04:20超喜歡你/飛輪海
14:07:45Everybody/Backstreet
14:12:25瘋起來/孫盛希/葛仲珊
14:18:54Evergreen/SIRUP
14:22:50小王子/張芸京
14:32:34傻瓜/蘇慧倫
14:36:18COME BACK HOME/2NE1
14:41:12愛是一本書/陳奕迅
14:47:36Girls Just Want To Have/Cyndi Lauper
14:52:34假朋友真兄弟/熊仔
15:04:03溫一壺青春下酒/流氓阿德
15:08:53Cry No More/中島美嘉
15:13:26厭世吉娃娃/MC HotDog
15:21:05獨領風騷/杜德偉
15:24:40美力女孩/楊上昀
15:28:12Green Light/Lorde
15:36:51美好/吳汶芳
15:40:57Beautiful in White/Shane Filan
15:44:41卡通人生/郭采潔
15:50:29兩個恰恰/旺福
15:54:31Come Dance With Me/Michael Buble
16:03:56靠近/庾澄慶
16:08:47好久不見/彭佳慧
16:13:16愛哭鬼之歌/風味堂
16:20:57I Got You/Bebe Rexha 比比
16:24:03甩個POSE/林育群/陳嘉唯
16:32:13當冬夜漸暖/孫燕姿
16:37:57Bang!/After School
16:44:56重來/黃小琥
16:50:06Baby, love you/李建軒
16:53:05Get Lucky/Datf Punk
🎀7/3(三)
2:04:12 PM由我們主宰/五月天/嚴爵/家家/亂彈阿翔
2:07:11 PMstaring over/JENNIFER LOPEZ
2:15:03 PMSenorita/Shawn Mendes
2:18:12 PM雙陳記/陳珊妮/陳怡文
2:27:38 PM記事本/陳慧琳
2:31:38 PM風箏/2012全國應屆畢業歌
2:38:33 PMBig Boys Cry/安室奈美惠
2:45:07 PM你的完美有點難懂並不代表/盧凱彤
2:50:42 PM我的媽/黃靖倫
2:53:37 PMTake A Picture/Carly Rae Jepsen
3:03:56 PM討債情歌/玖壹壹
3:07:29 PM大俠艾吃漢堡包/艾成
3:11:15 PMSoul To Soul/S.E.S
3:17:26 PM生活需要多一點樂觀/PiA吳蓓雅
3:22:15 PM想婚頭/大塚 愛
3:31:02 PM遠走/柯智棠
3:36:45 PM我最親愛的/張惠妹
3:41:27 PMNobody Knows/SHAYNE WARD
3:49:06 PMYou've Got A Friend In Me/Randy Newman
3:51:58 PM女孩韋禮安
4:04:03 PM為你我受冷風吹林憶蓮
4:08:11 PM不完美李玖哲
4:11:42 PMRBBRed Velvet
4:17:51 PMAlwaysBon Jovi
4:23:28 PMDancing! Dancing!睡帽樂團
4:31:40 PM最好的我龔芝怡/房祖名
4:37:55 PMHow Do You Do!/ Roxette
4:44:41 PMBeliever/Imagine Dragons
4:48:01 PM最後只好躺下來/黃立行
4:52:42 PM有種愛 Just Love It/紅花樂團
☔7/2(二)
14:04:04情花開/張棟樑
14:06:34MUSIC featBOY-KEN/清水翔太
14:10:54天旋地轉/梁一貞
14:18:56Time with yo/圭賢
14:22:33愛回溫/溫嵐
14:32:32Candy 蜜糖/Robbie Williams
14:36:57時光慢些走/方季惟
14:42:17愛就是咖哩/嚴爵
14:49:12厭世吉娃娃/MC HotDog
14:53:56Been You/Justin Bieber
15:04:03毋通/曾瑋中
15:07:29I Need Your Love/Calvin Harris
15:11:18My Girl/敖犬
15:18:04Best Friend/西野加奈
15:23:17愛你/柯有倫
15:26:48我不美/NEON樂團
15:34:59流浪者之歌/陳綺貞
15:39:38祝福/張學友
15:44:03 What A Girl Wants/Christina Aguilria
15:50:09為你瘋狂/T-ARA
15:53:20Don't Stop The Music/Dream Girls
16:03:56寬容/張信哲
16:09:03一戀愛就亂了/林凡
16:13:55戀人是酒紅色/Aska
16:21:27愛不需要裝乖/謝和弦/王詩安
16:25:14Mama/Jonas Blue
16:33:31曾經太年輕/藍又時
16:37:53茱麗葉/standing egg
16:41:59山上拉釘人/BOXING
16:49:27Everything Happens For A/杭士琁
16:53:30Nothing really matters/David Guetta
🎼7/1(一)
2:04:11 PM萬眾矚目/許慧欣
2:07:21 PMBreak Free/Ariana Grande
2:13:41 PM一樣不一樣/Supper Moment
2:18:19 PM媽媽說/周渝民
2:26:29 PM背叛/楊宗緯
2:31:42 PMEverything/Che'Nelle
2:38:55 PM嘿 Morrison/leo王/李英宏
2:42:20 PMWorth It/Fifth Harmony
2:48:56 PM幸福不是情歌/劉若英
2:53:13 PM我愛你I Love You/金範秀
3:03:56 PM情字這條路/鳳飛飛
3:07:18 PM當愛情來了/王心凌
3:11:04 PMSwing/U-KNOW允浩/BoA
3:18:40 PM空城/王菲
3:23:11 PM耳朵/李榮浩
3:26:59 PMYou Got Me/Colbie Caillat
3:35:59 PM你愛我嗎/櫻桃幫
3:40:35 PM快樂鳥日子/康晉榮
3:47:32 PM糖果/藍心湄
3:52:52 PM現在開始Wonderland/AKB48
4:04:03 PM愛與愁/伍思凱
4:08:42 PM以後以後/林芯儀
4:12:28 PMDark Side/Kelly Clarkson
4:18:38 PM歹性底/頑童MJ116
4:21:50 PM我不是壞女孩/高以愛
4:30:00 PM擁抱我/光良
4:34:11 PM只有回憶太難過/柴崎幸
4:40:53 PMWings 翅膀/OZI
4:43:17 PMStill Alive/BIGBANG
4:49:41 PMLovely Pie/紀佳松
4:53:53 PMNobody Compares/One Direction
#歌單
#好事自在Latte
#好事989
#DJ荳子
one call away意思 在 Auman Facebook 的最佳貼文
Just a quick update for those who might not have heard of our election result as of yesterday.
We've had the highest voting rate since 2004, with a turnout rate of 58% - reflecting how important it is given that it is the first one since the Umbrella Movement in 2014.
Pro-democracy camp has maintained its veto power in LegCo (at least in relation to members bills and constitutional reforms), winning 19 seats out of 35 in the Geographical Constituency, and 11 out of 35 in the Functional Constituency.
There are some new faces in the LegCo, with new generations now entering the council. Six candidates have set to advocate for Hong Kong's "self-determination" in the LegCo. Although localist parties did not do as well as I'd hope, overall the results still remain positive.
In case you've missed it, here's the video which is a continuation of my previous video explaining how Hong Kong is not China. This video will give you a better idea into Hong Kong's flawed institutional structure. It is to be seen whether call for Hong Kong's self-determination can really be brought up in the LegCo.
Lastly, for the next period of time, I will be returning to my usual Cantonese videos (travelling, vlogging etc). I know that many of you perhaps don't understand Cantonese so I will be putting on English subtitles in my future videos.
Thanks,
Auman
Hong Kong Independence?
…all you need to know about recent Hong Kong in 15 minutes
▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄
↓↓Transcript (as requested)↓↓
我們之前提及香港與中國有截然不同的制度
So previously we talked about Hong Kong and China having vastly a different system
香港是一個仿民主社會,而中國即由中國共產黨統治
Hong Kong is a quasi-democratic society while China is dominated by the Chinese Communist Party
所以我們不希望人們混淆兩者
…so we don’t want people to get confused between the two
但故事還未講完
But the story doesn’t end here
明年是2017年,香港主權移交給中國的20週年
Next year 2017, it would be 20 years since Hong Kong’s turnover to China
你大概會以為這段時間香港和中國會越走越近
You would’ve thought that during this time, Hong Kong and China would’ve grown closer to one another
但事實卻非如此
But it has not been so.
香港人和中國人反而變得越來越有隔膜
If anything, we’ve grown to be more and more apart.
-\-\-
沒錯 在過去20年
Yes it is true that during the last two decades
中國從一個發展中國家 發展成現時最大經濟體系之一
China has gone from being a developing country to what is now one of the largest, if not the largest economy in the world
人民收入增加 生活質素提升 有些中國人也躋身全球富豪榜
…which means rising income for Chinese citizens, better quality of life and China has some of the richest people in the world
香港人應該為中國人身份感到自豪吧
If anything, Hong Kong people should be a proud China man!
我還記得2008北京奧運 那個開幕典禮實在是精妙絕倫
I still remember seeing the Beijing Olympics in 2008; that opening ceremony was outrageously amazing
花了很多心機 很好看
…it was beautifully done and such a joy to watch
那是香港人少有地為國家感到自豪的一刻
It was one of those rare moments where Hong Kong people share the same sense of pride as the rest of China
不過 現實歸現實
But the Olympics is one thing, and reality is another
-\-\-
事實上,自主權移交以來,香港和中國一直有許多矛盾和衝突
The truth is there have been a lot of conflicts between Hong Kong and China since the handover
香港向中國打開了大門,每天都有大量中國遊客到訪
Hong Kong has largely opened up to China where we get a huge number of Chinese tourists every day
旅客本身不應該是個問題,但我們目睹過不少中國旅客的不文明行為
並不是問題。重點在於中國遊客所製造出來的問題。
While tourism shouldn’t be a problem in itself, we have witnessed a lot of issues with these Chinese tourists
例如不懂得在迪士尼樂園排隊 和隨地小便
There had been reports of uncivilized behavior such as not knowing how to queue in Disneyland and… pissing on the street.
我必須強調 不是所有中國遊客都會這樣做 只有一部份會這樣做
And I can’t emphasize enough, not every Chinese tourists do it, it’s just some that does it
但由於香港每天都有大量的中國遊客 這成為了一個逼切的問題
…but because Hong Kong gets so many of them, that becomes a daily problem for people living in Hong Kong.
除此之外,我們可以看到名牌店和藥房的數量激增,以滿足中國遊客的需求
And it’s not just that, we see the rise in luxury shops and pharmacies in Hong Kong to tailor the need of Chinese tourists
如果你去上水(很接近中國邊境的地方)的街頭
If you go to a street in Sheung Shui, which is a place very close to the mainland border
我以前常常去的──你會看見到處都是藥房
I used to go there a lot - you see streets full of pharmacies
其實我完全不明白為何這些店舖會叫做藥房
…and I don’t even know why they are called pharmacies
因為他們主要不是售賣藥物,而是奶粉和尿片
…because mainly they don’t sell medicine, they sell baby milk formula and diapers.
事實上 大陸人不相信中國製的貨品
The thing is, mainland Chinese don’t trust their own stuff
因為在中國任何東西都有可能是假的 那裡沒有質量管制或食物安全
…because you can get fake everything in China; there’s no quality control or food safety
所以很多中國人都會來香港買日用品 如奶粉
So many Chinese come to Hong Kong to buy daily stuff and one product that has always been in high demand is baby milk formulas
香港部份地區甚至出現奶粉短缺的問題
It has got to a point where the supply became so tight that there is a shortage of milk formulas in some areas of Hong Kong
如果你住在歐洲或美國,這情況可能難以置信
If you are living in the Europe or the US, this might sound really hard to believe
嬰兒配方奶粉和尿片!但這是真的,這切切實實在香港發生
Milk formula and diapers, but it’s true, it is what’s happening in Hong Kong.
還有其他問題,例如中國孕婦來港產子等
I can go on about other stuff as well such as the number of Mainland pregnant women who come to Hong Kong
事實上,在2010年,37%新生嬰兒的父母均不是香港永久居民
In fact, in 2010, as much as 37% of all babies born in Hong Kong have neither parents being a permanent Hong Kong resident
-\-\-
基於這些中港矛盾的問題 香港出現越來越嚴重的反中情緒
Basically because of all these things, this has led to an increasingly serious anti-Chinese hype in Hong Kong
很多香港人都不歡迎中國人 只想他們離開
Many local people are furious and just want them to go away
但對我來說 問題永遠出於制度
But to me, the real problem always lies in the system
我不想將整件事歸疚於中國人身上
Conceptually, I hate to put my frustration upon the Chinese people
因為要來港購物以保障自身安全並不是他們的錯
Because it’s not their fault that they have to buy things from Hong Kong to ensure that they are safe
但制度上出了甚麼問題?
But what about the system?
關於這個制度我簡述如下
There’s a lot I can say about this system, but for now I will just simplify it as follows
在制度頂端有中國共產黨,之後有香港政府和立法會中的建制派
At the top of the system we have the Chinese Communist Party, then we have the Hong Kong government and the pro-establishment camp in our Legislative council
簡單來說,這個制度一直想將香港變成中國的一個普通城市
In short, this system has been trying to turn Hong Kong into just another city of China
並且破壞一國兩制的原則
…and damaging the core principle of “One Country, Two Systems”
-\-\-
很長時間以來,香港人一直在爭取民主
For a long time, Hong Kong people have been advocating for full democracy
即是普選,可以提名和投票給我們自己的領袖(行政長官)
That means universal suffrage with the right to nominate and elect our own leader, which in Hong Kong is called the Chief Executive
根據基本法,我們有普選的權利
According to the Basic Law, we have a legal right to universal suffrage.
在過去20年,中國政府曾多次承諾香港人會有普選
In the past 20 years, the Chinese government has assured Hong Kong several times that we are going to get universal suffrage
但他們一直拖延實施普選的日期
But they have been pushing back the date for it
又推托說香港人未準備好,所以2007年和2012年都沒有普選。
…and kept saying Hong Kong wasn’t ready, so we didn’t get it in 2007 and 2012
但北京承諾香港2017年可普選特首
But the Chinese has set a timeline for it, and they said Hong Kong would eventually get universal suffrage by 2017
結果,2014年8月31日,北京說
And guess what, on 31st August 2014, the Chinese said
好,你可以有你想要的普選,但我們需要增加幾個條件
Alright you are going to get your universal suffrage, but we are going to have to impose some conditions
首先,行政長官必需愛國
First the Chief Executive must be someone who is patriotic to China
第二,候選人需要先得到現有的行政長官選舉委員會的提名 (絕大部分都是親中代表)
Secondly candidates are going to be nominated by the current Election Committee, which consists (mostly) of 1200 pro-Beijing representatives
最後,無論誰勝出選舉,都要得到中國政府委任才可成為行政長官
Lastly, whoever wins the popular election must be appointed by the Chinese government
所以他們就是說,好,你們可以普選,但我們保留剔除任何人的權利
So basically they are saying, alright you can get your vote but we reserve the right to screen out anyone that we dislike
-\-\-
北京公布831決定後,香港人當然很憤怒
After this was announced by the Chinese officials, we were bloody furious
所以我們展開了一連串抗議行動,要求真普選
So we began a series of protests demanding for “true universal suffrage”
我們一直以來都覺得普選就是
For years we have always thought universal suffrage means just that
一個民主及公開的選舉
The right to vote in a democratic and open election
但是中共卻憑空製造了完全相反的東西
But the CCP managed to create something that is completely contrary to that
結果,大學生開始罷課
As a result, university students like myself began boycotting classes
並參與在金鐘香港政府總部外舉行的集會
…and attended gathering outside the Hong Kong government headquarters in Admiralty to protest
這演變成持續79天的佔領金鐘、銅鑼灣和旺角的運動
This has then turned into a 79-days long widespread occupy movement in streets of Admiralty, Causeway Bay and Mongkok
期間警察使用催淚彈和胡椒噴霧來驅散我們,我們即用雨傘作盾
During this time, police has used tear gas and pepper spray to try to get rid of us and we used umbrellas as shield
解釋了為什麼這叫雨傘運動或雨傘革命
That’s why this is called the Umbrella Movement or Umbrella Revolution
我個人不喜歡稱之為革命,因為革命通常與激進的改變有關
Personally I don’t like to call it a revolution, because revolution is often associated with some sort of radical change
但對於我們來說,79天佔領街頭後,仍毫無成果
But for us, after 79-days of occupying the streets, nothing has changed.
到今天為止,一切維持原狀──沒有行政長官普選
So to this day, the status quo remains – there is no universal suffrage for our Chief Executive election
-\-\-
但是為何我們這麼想要普選?
But why do we want universal suffrage so much?
你要明白,我們的制度一直都有缺陷
Well you have to understand that our governmental system has always been institutionally flawed
一般當我們提到三權分立時,有行政、立法和司法三個機關
Usually when we talk about the Separation of Powers, we have the Executive, the Legislative and the Judiciary
這三個機關本應互相制衡,沒有人能夠掌控一切的權力
They are meant to act as checks and balances of each other so no one gets too much power
因為正如英國的阿克頓男爵所言:
…because as Lord Acton famously said,
「權力導致腐敗,絕對權力導致絕對腐敗。」
“Power corrupts, and absolute power corrupts absolutely.”
我們不但行政長官是經由1200人的小圈子挑選 當中大部份為親中人士
Not only is our leader of the executive selected by a small-group of 1,200 voters – the majority of whom are pro-Beijing
我們連立法會也不能全部直選
We also don’t get to vote entirely for our Legislative Council
事實上,我們只能直選立法會的一半議員
In fact, only half of our legislators get directly elected by us
另外一半是由所謂的功能組別選出
The other half are elected through the so-called Functional Constituencies
香港一共有28個功能組別
There are 28 different functional constituencies, representing different seats in our Legislative council
原意是為了讓香港不同的界別和工種都能對政府政策有話語權
Originally this meant to provide different professions across Hong Kong to have a say in government politics
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但這個制度本質上存在缺陷
But there’s a huge problem – this system is fundamentally flawed
最為人爭議的是,這制度容許公司和專業團體登記為選民
Most controversially, it allows companies and professional bodies to register as voters
製造了一個漏洞讓大公司同時間可持有多張選票
So this creates a loophole where big business can hold multiple votes at the same time
以飲食業為例,大公司可以登記每間分店為一個選民
Consider the catering constituency, big restaurant companies can register each of their outlets as voters
像大家樂這種大型的連鎖餐廳
So big food chain like Café De Carol
不,這不是一間法國菜餐廳,這是港式快餐店
Nope, it is not a French restaurant – it’s a fast food Chinese restaurant
這些大公司可以登記上一百張選票
Something like that can register up to a hundred votes if they like
另外,不同功能組別之間也有很大差異
Also there is a huge discrepancy between different functional constituencies
例如,在衛生服務界,有37,000個登記選民,但在保險界卻只有130個
For example, in the Health Services sector, there are 37,000 registered voters, whereas in Insurance, there are only 130 registered voters
這個差異根本不合邏輯 為甚麼有些行業會得到更廣泛的代表?
There is really no logical explanation for it – why are some industry represented more fairly while others are not
事實上,近半功能組別都是自動當選的,大部份的席位都由建制派瓜分
In fact, almost half of the functional constituencies are uncontested and most of the seats are dominated by the pro-establishment camp.
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這有甚麼實際意義?
But what is the actual significance?
當立法會議員自行提出草案和議案時,我們有所謂的分組點票
You see, when individual legislators propose bills and motions, we have a split-voting system
意思是,在草案通過之前,
…meaning that to be able to pass the bill
需要得到地區直選和功能組別兩方面均過半數支持
It requires a majority vote in both the geographical constituency – those directly elected by us – and the functional constituency
所以就算一個草案得到總共過半數的支持
So we can have a bill that is supported by the majority of the legislators
但仍會因為在功能組別方面未過半數而流產
But fails nonetheless because it did not pass the functional constituency
理論上,只要控制了功能組別的半數就可以否決任何議員草案或議案
So in effect, you only need half of the votes within the Functional Constituency to reject all bills and motions put forward by individual legislators.
但政府提出的卻不一樣,
But the same does not apply to government bills
只需要取得過半數的支持就可以了
For government bills, you only need to get a majority from all the legislators as a whole
所以有時候會有一些政府議案原本被大部分直選議員反對
So sometimes we have bills that are opposed by the majority of those legislators directly elected by us
但基於功能界別大部份贊成而通過
…but nonetheless get through because of the functional constituency
這個制度的問題在於政府和大商家會有勾結的誘因
The major problem of this is that it creates an incentive for the Government and big business players to side with each other
一方面,有功能組別的支持,政府可以否決所有由議員提出的議案
On one hand with the help of functional constituency, the Government has an effective veto over all motions in the Legislative council
另一方面,商界自己也可以否決不符合他們商業利益的議案,如最低工資和標準工時
…while on the other hand businesses can reject motions that are contrary to their interests such as minimum wage and standard working hours
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因此,行政機關在立法方面有很大的控制權
Because of this, the executive has a lot of control over our Legislative Council
他們很多時候也會做很多與市民意願相反的決定
And they often make decisions that are contrary to public opinions
由於選舉制度上的缺陷,我們也不能有效地向行政機關問責
And because of the fundamental flaws in our electoral systems, there is no way we could hold our executive accountable in any shape or form
你也必須明白 香港政府和和中國政府之間的關係
Conceptually you also have to understand the relationship between our executive and the Chinese government
你也許會認為,在一國兩制原則下,香港政府和中國政府是分開的
It’s easy to say, well the Hong Kong government is separate from the Chinese government because of the principle of one country two systems
我們可以實行自己的政策,這不是中國政府的問題,而是香港政府本身的問題
And we can implement our own policies so it’s not the fault of the Chinese government but of our own government
也許是吧,但我們的選舉制度確保香港行政長官是忠於北京的
That is partly true, but remember we have a system as such where our Chief Executive is guaranteed to be pro-Beijing
因此香港政府和中國政府密不可分
That’s why it has an incentive to side with the Chinese government
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以現任行政長官梁振英為例 他自上任以來都在替北京擦鞋
For example, our current Chief Executive, CY Leung, he has been keen to please Beijing wherever possible
他重視中國的利益多於香港的利益
There are lots of policies where he appeared to have put Mainland’s interest above Hong Kong’s interest
如2012年,政府打算推行強制國民教育
For example, in 2012, the government tried to introduce mandatory National Education classes
想加強學生的國家認同感
…so that students can strengthen their national identity about China
但這被大眾反對,因為很多人都擔心這是偏向共產黨的洗腦教育
This was met with huge public protests as many fear that it would simply be a brainwashing curriculum biased towards the Chinese Communist Party
其他情況還包括否決香港電視的牌照申請,梁振英的5,000萬元賄款醜聞等等
There are also other instances such as the rejection of HKTV, CY Leung’s $50 million corrupt scandal – etc
我們極不滿意現在的政府
Basically, we are extremely unsatisfied with our current Government
制度本身容許我們的政府恣意妄為
The system itself allows for our government to potentially be arbitrary and self-serving
而我們沒有有效的方法向政府問責
And there’s no way we could hold our government accountable in any shape or forms
這就是我們想要普選的原因:我們想選擇自己的領袖
That’s why we want universal suffrage so much – so that we can choose our own leader
當然,這不會在一夕間解決所有問題,但會是一個通往更民主和平的制度的開端。
Yes it won’t solve everything but it will be a start to a more democratic and fair system
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雨傘運動是前所未有的
The Umbrella Movement was a first of its kind
雨傘運動一開始十分和平
It started off extremely peacefully
強調非暴力、理性、愛與和平等等
With an emphasis on being non-violent, rational, love and peace and all that
但隨着時間經過,梁振英政府拒絕回應
But as it went on, the CY Leung’s government managed to remain unresponsive
過了兩個月,人們都不知道要怎麼辦
Two months into occupying the streets, people simply didn’t know what to do
而示威者和警察之間的關係則每況愈下
And the relationship between the protesters and the police got worse by days
有警察使用暴力對待示威者
There was alleged police violence
其中有七個警察將一個示威者拖到暗角施暴
Seven police officers took a protester to a dark corner and beat him up
無可避免地,雨傘運動最終演變成示威者和警察之間暴力的衝突──市民被打、被捕
Inevitably the movement turned into something more violent with protesters clashing with the police – people were beaten up and arrested.
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自雨傘運動以來,社會處於嚴重撕裂的狀態
Since the Umbrella Movement, the society has been hugely divided
市民對警察的信任度跌至新低
Police confidence has gone to an all-time low
一方面,我們發現和平的示威遊行再沒有用
On one hand, we realize peaceful protest no longer does a damn thing,
另一方面,人們正在尋找抗衡警力的方法──亦即採取更激進的行動
…while on the other hand, people are finding ways to counter police force – essentially resorting to more radical actions
這也引致部份市民在意識形態上與傳統泛民主派分道揚鑣
It also led to an ideological separation within the pro-democracy camp
香港的傳統泛民主派視建設民主中國為己任
Traditionally pro-democracy activists in Hong Kong felt it was their duty to build a democratic China
他們其實比任何人都更愛中國
If anything they are more patriotic to China than anyone
他們是對六四天安門事件最大感觸的人
They are the people who felt most strongly about stuff like Tiananmen Square
但在過去20年,香港民主沒有寸進,也看不到中國民主化的希望
But for the last 20 years, democracy has not been advanced for Hong Kong nor does it look likely for China
所以有人開始說
That’s why new advocates are saying,
建設民主中國是不切實際的
Well there’s no real possibility of so-called building a democratic China
我們要先自救
We need to start rescuing ourselves first
因此本土和香港獨立的概念開始萌芽,因為人們對一國兩制開始失去信心
So, there emerges the idea of localism and Hong Kong independence because people are simply losing faith in the so-called One Country Two Systems.
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這些社會不穩和躁動最終導致今年初在旺角發生的事件
All this social unrest has led to what happened earlier this year in Mongkok
那是農曆正月初一
It was the first day into Chinese Lunar New Year;
街上有小販在賣熟食
There were some street hawkers selling street food
這些小販雖是無牌經營,但他們一向都在農曆新年頭幾天擺賣,賺幾個快錢
They are unlicensed but that’s what they have always done in the first few days of Chinese New Year, just trying to make a few extra bucks
這就像香港的小傳統
It’s like a little local tradition in Hong Kong.
但今年警察突然執法,引發示威者與警察之間的衝突
But somehow this time the police decided to confront them – which has led to protesters confronting the police
突然間,小販擺賣演變成騷動,或暴亂,視乎你怎麼看
Suddenly it has turned into a huge unrest, or riot, depending which side you are on
街上有雜物起火,市民撿起磚和樽扔向警察
There were fire on the street, people picking up bricks and bottles throwing at the police
警察向天開了兩槍以鎮壓人群
Two shots were fired in the air for crowd control
這是香港二十年來都未見過的暴力
It was violence on a scale that has never been seen in Hong Kong for the last 20 years
的確 暴力的程度與本身的小販問題根本完全不相稱
In no way was the violence proportional to the whole street food and street hawker issue
但你必須明白背後的原因
But you have to be able to understand it in the light of the whole circumstances
那種自雨傘運動以來積累的憤怒和不滿
The sort of anger that has been accumulated since the Umbrella Movement
社會民怨達臨界點
Social unrest is now at its highest point
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雨傘運動後,各種事情由壞變更壞,北京加重了對香港的控制
Things have gotten from bad to worse for Hong Kong since the Umbrella Movement. Beijing has tighten up control of Hong Kong
我們曾經享有的自由受到嚴峻挑戰
Our once enjoyed freedom has been put to some serious doubt
去年,五個在香港出售中國敏感話題的書籍的書商消失了
Five Hong Kong booksellers who sell sensitive stuff about the Chinese Communist Party went missing last year
他們沒有任何出境記錄,憑空消失了
There were no record of them going out of Hong Kong, and they just disappeared
有好一段時間,沒有人知道他們到哪裡去了,然後……
For a while no-one really knows where they went, and then…
好像魔法一樣,他們出現在中國的電視台,承認他們所謂的罪行
Like magic, there they are in Mainland China appearing on TV, confessing their guilt
其他事情還包括廉政公署(香港引以為傲的反貪污機構)大地震
Other stuff such as the ICAC, an anti-corruption body that we have always been proud of, has also been involved in some major shake-ups
更近期的有立法會選舉有六位候選人被取消資格
More recently, six candidates have been disqualified from running the Legislative Council election
他們被取消資格的原因是因為他們提倡香港獨立
They have been disqualified because they advocate for Hong Kong Independence
沒有法例授權行政機關以政治原因篩選候選人
There is nothing in the law that allows the administrative to screen out candidates running for the legislative council for political reason
這根本違反言論自由
That’s just simply grossly against freedom of speech
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還記得四年前,港獨根本無人提及
And remember, four years ago, Hong Kong independence was not even an idea to start with
現在卻成長為一個熱議的社會話題,越來越多人支持香港獨立
Now it has turned into a whole serious social movement – more and more people are turning to Hong Kong independence
背後的原因?
And the reason behind that?
不久之前有一個網上比賽,讓人用六個字寫悲慘故事。有人寫:
A while back there was a post asking people to write sad stories in six words, and someone wrote this:
「一國,兩制,笑話。」
“One Country, Two Systems, Just kidding.”
這就是香港的現況
And that pretty much sums it up for Hong Kong.
主權移交時,曾經有人承諾我們會有
When Hong Kong got handed back over to China, we were guaranteed of all these things:
言論自由、新聞自由和法治
...the freedom of speech, the freedom of press and the rule of law
但這些都一直被破壞
But these things have been undermined hugely
北京的訊息很清晰:
The message from China is clear:
你想要高度自治嗎?
You want your high degree of autonomy and you want to feel special right?
可是你只能在我容許的限度裡享有自由
But you are only as free as we allow you to be
這些自由是我給你們的,我現在要取回你也不能作聲
We gave you that stuff so shut up if we want to take them back. Period.
但事實上中國沒有給予我們自由
But the truth is China didn’t give us freedom of speech\\
我們的人權都不是中國給予的
You didn’t give us any of our fundamental rights. Period.
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我的理解?
The way I understand it?
香港獨立是被動而不是主動的
Well Hong Kong independence is reactive rather than proactive
這是對中國收緊香港的控制所走的一步
It’s a response to the Chinese government for increasingly tightening up control of Hong Kong
我們已經對一國兩制完全失去信心
We’ve completely lost faith in One Country Two systems
所以我們要求更多自主
As a counteractive response we are demanding for more autonomy
我們想要把握自己的命運
We want to be able to grasp hold of our own fate
所以這就是香港的現狀
So this is where things are right now in Hong Kong
這是一個死結
It’s in a complete deadlock
我們只能二擇其一:接受一國一制或更激進地抗爭
We either accept for one country one system or we have to fight in a more radical manner
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星期日是下屆立法會的選舉投票日,是雨傘運動以來的第一次選舉
On Sunday, it will be our next Legislative Council election – the first since the Umbrella Movement
天知道會發生甚麼事
God knows what’s going to happen
我希望你能去投票,好好考慮要投給誰
But I do urge you to vote, and to think about your vote
Because in a perfect world
你試想,在完美的世界裡
當立法會可以處理大多數事情的話,市民便不需要走上街頭暴力抗爭
…if things can get done in the Legislative Council, then people wouldn’t need to take to the street and to resort to any kind of violence
我們極需立法會抗衡行政機關的權力,而你的一票有莫大的幫助
We desperately need a balance of power right now – and your vote can contribute to that
我們需要議會內有更大的聲音──我們需要更多人去尋找不同的可能
We need more voice in our Legislative council – we need people to look for different possibility
呼。就是這樣。
Phew, so that’s it.
無論你來自香港或香港以外的地方
Whether you are from Hong Kong, or from outside of Hong Kong,
這段和上一段影片都對我以及很多香港人來說很重要。
This video and the last video is important to me, and to a lot of people in Hong Kong
霎時之間這可能難以消化
This is probably a lot to take in if you’re new to this, but don’t just take my words for it
但請繼續留意新聞,和其他人一起討論,做更多的資料搜集,這些東西都可在網上找到
Keep reading the news; keep talking to people about it; go research about this, it’s all over the internet
最後,謝謝收看
And lastly, thanks for watching.
天祐香港
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