湯景華縱火燒死6人案,最高法院今天「自為改判」,改判無期徒刑定讞。
理由是:……屬於殺人的間接故意,而不是直接故意,不符合判《兩公約》規定要處死刑啊要具備殺人直接故意的要件。所以本院依法撤銷原審判決,改判無期徒刑,褫奪公權終身。(最高法院刑事發言人徐昌錦庭長)
首先,我先看了《公民與政治權利國際公約》第六條,並沒有必須直接故意殺人才可以判死刑這樣的要件。再到處查,只有查到台灣廢除死刑推動聯盟《台灣死刑判決報告~75位死刑犯判決綜合分析》裡面有以下這段:
「……
其中所謂「情節最重大之罪」,依人權事務委員會相關解釋,雖限於「蓄意殺害並造成生命喪失」(there was an intention to kill which resulted the loss of life),然此僅屬公政公約因應不同國家刑事法制度所設之「最低度要求」。
依此,非謂凡犯「殺人罪」者即均應處以死刑;又應將「未發生死亡結果」或「不確定故意」之犯罪排除於「情節最重大之罪」範圍外
……」
經由一些文獻指引,找到公民與政治權利國際公約第36號一般性意見第35點,原文節錄:「The term “the most serious crimes” must be read restrictively and appertain only to crimes of extreme gravity, involving intentional killing.(僅限於涉及故意殺人的極嚴重罪行。) Crimes not resulting directly and intentionally in death,(未直接和故意導致死亡的罪行,) such as drug offences, attempted murder, corruption and other economic [and political] crimes, armed robbery, piracy, abduction, and sexual offences, although serious in nature, can never justify, within the framework of article 6, the imposition of the death penalty.」簡而言之,必須「故意殺人」,而且「直接、故意地導致死亡」,才能判處死刑。本段落並列舉包含毒品罪、殺人未遂罪、武力強盜、海盜及性侵害犯罪等罪,不能宣告死刑。
這段英文出自A/HRC/4/20,解釋「情節最重大之罪」:「The requirement of human rights law that the death penalty should be imposed only for the “most serious crimes” continues to be interpreted subjectively by certain States. The report examines the travaux of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, surveys the jurisprudence of the Human Rights Committee, and analyses the comments by the Secretary-General, principles declared by the Economic and Social Council and the Commission on Human Rights and concludes that, if it is to comply with the most serious crimes restriction, the death penalty can only be imposed in cases where it can be shown that there was an intention to kill which resulted in the loss of life. 」
首先,第一個問題是,英文「intentional/intentionally」,是否包含「不確定故意」?如果從英美法的角度,犯罪的主觀要素分類大致上有intentional, reckless, negligence等,如果並沒有強烈的意圖(intention),但是能預見而去做某些行為會侵害法益,仍然去做,也會構成魯莽(reckless),以殺人罪為例,魯莽行為致死會構成involuntary manslaughter(英美法的殺人罪有很多種,這邊姑且翻譯成「比較嚴重的過失致死」)通常會比murder(謀殺)的罪輕很多。
(這邊以美國為例)你以為美國刑法會用魯莽殺人(過失致死)輕易放下強盜致死、縱火致死、強姦致死的人嗎?在大部分的立法例裡,只要犯下重罪(felony,能判超過一年徒刑的,全都是重罪)致人於死,而且沒有嚴重違背因果歷程的,都會被被擬制為「謀殺」,稱為「重罪謀殺」(felony murder),所以即使行為人在強盜過程中,被害人嚇到跌倒死亡,或者結夥搶劫,你的同伴把被害人槍殺,自己也要成立「重罪謀殺罪」。這個理論是基於「移轉的故意」(transferred intent),意思是說,你在做某些危險的事,就該知道那件事可能發生的危害,對實際發生的危害直接當成是故意所為的。
言歸正傳,我國除了毒品罪、海盜罪還有很多奇奇怪怪的罪不用殺死人就可以判死刑以外,強盜致死、擄人勒贖致死,都不用殺人故意,就可以判死刑。
運輸一級毒品,或者強盜沒有殺人故意,根據《刑法》都可以判死刑,更遑論不確定故意的殺人了。不過根據「《兩公約》規定必須具有殺人的直接故意」才能判處死刑的這個說法,以上這些通通不能判死刑,所以應該可以說,《刑法》裡面許多死刑的規定,是只能嚇人用。
或者說,《兩公約》真的是當年總統、立法者、學者們想的這樣嗎?
歡迎指正與提供意見。
同時也有1部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過35萬的網紅阿兜仔不教美語,也在其Youtube影片中提到,👉 Facebook➪ http://pics.ee/c7z0 👉 InstaGram ➪ http://pics.ee/1IhQ 👉 虎記商行 ➪ https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCcCtlMtKy1nr1-GUly9ZMxw 👉 虎記商行 ➪ https://w...
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only human意思 在 Facebook 的最佳解答
@surfaceapparel 2021 Campaign #englishbelow
✨在這個大城市中我們是否曾經迷惘曾經迷失自己呢?
「我 17 歲一個人來台灣的時候 其實已在面對憂鬱症兩年 在有壓力的狀況下 每天想著為何當人那麼難」
「但來到台灣後認識了大海 , 學習不同文化 我開始衝浪又創業 我給了自己多一些機會去做我熱愛的事情 後來的轉折點是透過行動 找回了原本一直存在心裡的火花」
✨「人生的意義是每個人自己給它的 在我眼裡能活著這本身就是一個禮物」
「但做個現代的都市人 我們常把自己綁在一個太小的世界裡 我們容易忘記 大環境的意思,大自然的重要性,還有它的能量」
「像地球不只是資源,它也是我們的家 社會也是 ... 身邊的人都是像兄弟姊妹 而就像環境 , 我們要彼此照顧、互相幫忙 大家才能享受這趟短短的人生」
「雖然要面對很多的高低潮,但其實就是有這些成長會讓我們感到活著」
「我們來的時候 , 什麼都沒有 要走的時候 , 什麼都帶不走 我們唯一花了而拿不回來的資源是時間 ,我們沒得贏沒得輸 所以不管好與壞 要勇敢付出、勇敢愛,這樣活在當下,才是活的 『無後悔』」
- by 艾玲
🏄🏽♀ @eileen.carls
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~~~english ~~~
"When I came to Taiwan at the age of 17, I had been facing depression for two years. During that stressful phase of life,I always wondered why it’s so complicated to be a human.
But after moving to Taiwan, I got to know the ocean and learn about the culture.
�I got into surfing and started a business.
�I gave myself more chances to do what I love.
And it was only through action,That I rediscovered the spark of life that had always existed in my heart.
The meaning of life is given to it by every person him/herself. And in my eyes, being alive is a gift in itself.
While living a modern urban life,�Many get lost in a small world view.
�We tend to forget about the meaning of the environment, the importance of nature and its energy.
The earth is not only a resource, it is also our home.
�So is society - to me, we are all nothing but brothers and sisters. And just like caring for the environment, we could care for each-other.
�I believe that this is the way we could all love in harmony together.
In life there are many ups and downs, but it’s these hurdles that result in growth - They are what make us feel alive!
When we were born, we came with nothing.�And when we leave, we will leave with nothing.
�The only resource that we spend and will never come back is “time”.
There’s nothing to win and nothing to lose. So come good or bad, be brave to give and brave to love.
💫“Live in the moment.�Live a life with no regrets"
- by me 💛🙏🏽
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only human意思 在 Goodbye HK, Hello UK Facebook 的最佳解答
仲好意思出黎講呢啲...衝出黎X
(英國政府即時秒回)
世衛總書記今日話啲富裕國家嘅「自己人打先」("Me First Approach" )疫苗政策會令國際上最窮嘅人受害,將會令疫情同痛苦延長之如此類,講到係道德災難咁("catastrophic moral failure")。擺明比說話比近日打疫苗打得最行嘅英國政府聽。
“Not only does this "Me First Approach" leave the world's poorest and most vulnerable people at risk. It's also self-defeating and ultimately these actions will only prolong the pandemic, prolong our pain, the restrictions needed to contain it and human and economic suffering.”
咁英國衛生大臣唯有即時回應,
"The UK is the world's biggest supporter, financial supporter, of the global programme to ensure access to vaccines in all countries in the world."
(喂,英國係國際疫苗計劃最大支持者喎,即係比最多錢嗰個呀!)
最正都係《BBC》,响報導最尾加多段"What about the criticism of the WHO and China? "。
#衝出黎X
#講錢問錯人
報導:
《BBC》Covid vaccine: WHO warns of 'catastrophic moral failure'
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-55709428
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only human意思 在 阿兜仔不教美語 Youtube 的最讚貼文
👉 Facebook➪ http://pics.ee/c7z0
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👉 虎記商行 ➪ https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCcCtlMtKy1nr1-GUly9ZMxw
👉 虎記商行 ➪ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wdG5jLLQs2M
【簡介description】
Hi everyone
大家好
I´m Jesús
我是黑素斯
Have you seen my videos?
看過我的影片嗎?
Yesterday when I was meditating
昨天我在冥想的時候
And I have something that needs to tell you
我想到一個需要告訴你的事情
Really, I really need to tell you this
真的,我不得不跟你說
Thank you Taiwan
謝謝台灣
Actually, many people say thank you, but means nothing
其實,很多人說謝謝沒有什麼特別的意思
So I want to explain you
所以我要跟你們解釋
Why do I want to thank Taiwan?
為什麼我要感謝台灣?
Many Taiwanese netizens misunderstood me
很多台灣網友誤會我
Because I often talk about cultural differences
因為我常常討論文化差異
And I won't always say
而且我不會一直說
Taiwan is awesome!
台灣棒棒!
Taiwan is perfect!
台灣完美!
I love Taiwan!
我愛台灣!
This is too fake
這樣太假的啦
However, because I didn’t say that
但是,我沒有這樣說
Some people think I don't like Taiwan
有人覺得我不喜歡台灣
Listen
我告訴你!
You were born in Taiwan just by chance
你們是不小心在台灣出生
Be a resident is my decision
當新住民是我的決定
Who cherishes this country more?
誰比較珍惜這個國家?
Recently I´m travelling a lot
最近常常出差
Last time I went to Shanghai, I found that the life there is tough
上次去上海發現那邊的生活多幸苦
Dear Chinese friends, please
親愛的中國網友,拜託
Don't start to throw shit on me. It's boring. OK?
現在不要開始罵我,很無聊,好不好?
And I don't care
而且我不在乎
Chinese are confident, great!
中國人很有自信,讚!
However, if we don´t talk about problems
但是,沒有討論哪裡問題
problems won´t disappear!
問題也不會不見!
I admire people who can live in Shanghai
我超佩服能夠住在上海的人
That place is too big
那個地方太大了
Everyplace is far away
什麼地方都很遠
They only like new things
全部都要改新的
Hey, only old things have a soul
欸,舊的才會有故事
Is terribly expensive, how can poor people lives there?
貴得要命,窮人怎麼過生活?
Taxi drivers wanna rape me off every day
計程車司機每天都想要騙我的錢
Aunts are very aggressive
那邊的阿姨,很兇
Internet, Internet. . .
網路,互聯網。。。
Wall (VPN) is not easy to pass
牆不好翻
Do not take it wrong, Shanghai also has its beauty
別誤會,上海也有上海的美
After all, my friend and ex-girlfriend are all Shanghainese
畢竟我好朋友,前女友都是上海人
But when I returned to Taiwan, I felt
但是我回來台灣的時候覺得
Very thankfull
充滿了感謝
Thank you for reasonable living expenses
謝謝合理的生活費
Thanks for the convenient internet
感謝方便的網路
Convenient transportation
方便的交通工具
Thank you for Taiwanese cuisine
謝謝台灣的美食
Thanks for Taiwan's security
感謝台灣的安全
But most of all thank you for:
但是最要感謝你們的是:
Taiwan’s human touch
台灣的人情味
Let me live my life here feels great
讓我在這邊過生活很蘇胡
Did you realize about it
有沒有發現
People doesn´ t cherish the everyday life things
我們已經習慣一個東西,就不珍惜?
Right?
是不是?
If there is food at home
家裡有東西吃
You take it for granted
你覺得理所當然
Your boyfriend gives you a macchiato every day
男朋友每天送給你一杯焦糖瑪奇朵
Yout think it is his job
妳覺得是應該的
if he doesn´t, you will complain
沒有送,妳也許會罵她
Actually, there is no such thing as "obviously"
其實,沒有所謂的『理所當然』
I lived in Taiwan for 12 years and got used to everything
住在台灣12年,我什麼都很習慣
So, needs to remind myself
所以,要提醒自己
Cherish the benefits of living in Taiwan
好好珍惜住在台灣的好處
Every day people tell me
每天都有人跟我說
Thank you for loving Taiwan so much
謝謝你那麼愛台灣
do you need thank me for liking Taiwan?
我喜歡台灣需要謝謝嗎?
When I go to the cafe for coffee, the boss won´t say
我去咖啡廳喝咖啡的時候,老闆不會說
Thank you for like our coffee
謝謝你喜歡我們的咖啡
right?
是不是?
Probablily he will way
他比較會說
Do you like it?
喜歡嗎?
Come back again
那以後常來喔
I want to thank Taiwanese government for my ID
我要感謝台灣政府給我台灣身分證
That wasn´t Wu Feng?
那不是吳鳳嗎?
Jesús, you talk a lot of bullshit!
黑素斯,你亂講一大堆!
Don´t compare yourself with Wu Feng
你不要再跟吳鳳比較
Congratulations to Wu Feng!
吳鳳恭喜!
Question
問題
Do you value living in Taiwan?
你珍惜住在台灣嗎?
What about caramel macchiato from your boyfriend?
男朋友送給你的焦糖瑪其朵呢?
What about your girlfriend´s attention?
女朋友的關心呢?
What about the food I cook for you?
阿嬤幫你煮的菜?
Oh!
唉呦!
Jesús, do you cherish me?
黑素斯,你珍惜我嗎?
Did you thank me?
有感謝過我嗎?
S***t
靠腰!
Okay
好啦
You know, right?
你知道吧
Like, Subscribe, Share with your Cat
按讚,訂閱,跟你家裡的貓咪分享
Meow!
喵!
I said Meow!
我說喵!
Meow means do it now
喵的意思是快一點啦
Meow! Meow!
喵喵!
Bye
拜!
I'm curious, do you know I'm sharing photos in IG everyday?
我好奇,你知道每天我在IG PO照片嗎?
Check it out
去看啦
I reply msn by myself
回答是我本人耶
Next week
下個禮拜
Meow!
喵!
Bye
賤!
【音樂MUSIC】
Funk Down
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