關於 opportunity發音 ，我們在網路上蒐集到這些相關的討論、資訊與評價

「該不該放棄呢？」


現在有哪件事讓你思考這個問題嗎？

這次選的 podcast 節目，可以是英語學習材料，也可以是一個改變的起點
透過語言學習，我們一起討論如何回答這個問題 （ podcast 節目的資訊在最下方）


面對「我該不該放棄」這樣棘手的問題，像走進一間只塗了灰泥的毛胚屋，如果只是放任念頭隨意發散，容易無疾而終，思緒自由，但也無處著地
我們先來搭建三個骨架型詞彙，有了這三個概念做格局，會更容易決定進退

1️⃣ sunk cost fallacy
2️⃣ opportunity cost
3️⃣ emotional visualization


▌過去的付出 sunk cost fallacy
經濟學家稱過去付出、徒勞無益的成本為 sunk cost，照理我們應該把專注力投注於未來，無效的投資不應該只是因為不甘心而繼續，不過，實際情況是大部分的人都受制於已經付出的心血、已經看了一半的大爛片、已經交往多年但不適合的伴侶，我們希望繼續下去，並非有明確進展，而是犯了這個謬誤 (fallacy)，不喜歡落空的感覺。


▌現在的選擇 opportunity cost
即使你不是小孩，也無法全部都要。經濟學家認為，當你選擇了道路 A ，與此同時平行宇宙的那些道路 B, C, D (the roads not taken)，那些沒發生的事，都是你當下「放棄」的體驗，稱為機會成本 (opportunity cost) 。但討論機會成本有兩大難題，第一，討論沒發生的世界太過空泛抽象，很少人能具體描繪出另一條道路 B 會是什麼樣貌；第二，每一條道路都會遇上障礙，而在困境中，別條道路看起來總是特別順暢，當你檢視機會成本、考量是否要轉換道路時，是因為你嚮往另一條道路的終點，還是只是因為那條路看起來比較簡單輕鬆呢？


▌未來的想望 emotional visualisation
雖然檢視機會成本時，抽象地想像另一條道路是一件困難的事，但我們還有一個可靠的工具，能在抽象思考時，提供我們關鍵線索：你的情緒

有趣的是，某些社會普遍是這麼認為的：越能不被情緒左右的人就越是成功。心理學上有個臨床症狀叫做 perseveration ，指的是「過度執著、無法做出改變」的行為，注意，這個字的動詞 perseverate 跟 persevere 同源但不同義，發音也不同，persevere 是我們習慣褒揚的「有了目標動機、堅持不懈」，perseverate 則是「即使遺忘了目標動機，還是固執地反覆執行」

如果想要脫離規律化的反覆行為、無意義的毅力，我們必須開始想像未來，並且感受那樣的未來所帶來的情緒，visualisation 指的是在腦中形成畫面，想像辭去現在的工作或與一個人分開，如果產生的心情是感傷但期待的，也許你就能試著放棄，如果心情是悲傷且後悔的，也許你能留下，繼續增加更多不同的經驗與價值


有了這三個概念，現在要討論「我該不該放棄」就更有脈絡了：

我是否困在 sunk cost fallacy 裡？
我能否試著檢視 opportunity cost 、避免 perseveration 呢？
我夠不夠信任自己的情緒，嘗試 emotional visualisation 呢？


有興趣用這個主題來學英語的人歡迎私訊我，人數夠多我就來試試看開課討論，預計四人一班，四堂課四週上完這個主題



這次選的 podcast 節目名稱是 No Stupid Questions，主持人是兩位暢銷書作者，【蘋果橘子經濟學 】的作者之一 Stephen Dubner 與【恆毅力】作者 Angela Duckworth，這集的標題是 How Do You Know It’s Time to Quit?


* 語言選物推薦的是引發興趣的材料內容，想學好英文，我推薦上實體課找老師討論語言使用結構

#語言選物 #podcast選物

I miss the British colonial days.

【#迷上英式英文】英女皇的電視演說

蕭叔短評：This will go down in history as one of the best speeches ever to have graced the English language.

This is the power of language. It’s more than just beautiful words and carefully crafted sentences. It’s also about having the empathy to understand what your audience needs at this moment, and what you, in your unique position, can deliver.

這一段寫得尤其好：

"I hope in the years to come everyone will be able to take pride in how they responded to this challenge, and those who come after us will say that the Britons of this generation were as strong as any, that the attributes of self-discipline, of quiet good-humoured resolve and of fellow-feeling still characterise this country."

蕭叔叔

PS：聽還聽，女士們最好唔好學她發音，尤其是vowels。除了老一輩的英國皇室或貴族，正常英國人（即使是受過高等教育的）不會這樣說話。請另找模仿對象。

演說全文：

I am speaking to you at what I know is an increasingly challenging time. A time of disruption in the life of our country: a disruption that has brought grief to some, financial difficulties to many, and enormous changes to the daily lives of us all.

I want to thank everyone on the NHS front line, as well as care workers and those carrying out essential roles, who selflessly continue their day-to-day duties outside the home in support of us all. I am sure the nation will join me in assuring you that what you do is appreciated and every hour of your hard work brings us closer to a return to more normal times.

I also want to thank those of you who are staying at home, thereby helping to protect the vulnerable and sparing many families the pain already felt by those who have lost loved ones. Together we are tackling this disease, and I want to reassure you that if we remain united and resolute, then we will overcome it.

I hope in the years to come everyone will be able to take pride in how they responded to this challenge. And those who come after us will say that the Britons of this generation were as strong as any. That the attributes of self-discipline, of quiet good-humoured resolve and of fellow-feeling still characterise this country. The pride in who we are is not a part of our past, it defines our present and our future.

The moments when the United Kingdom has come together to applaud its care and essential workers will be remembered as an expression of our national spirit; and its symbol will be the rainbows drawn by children.

Across the Commonwealth and around the world, we have seen heart-warming stories of people coming together to help others, be it through delivering food parcels and medicines, checking on neighbours, or converting businesses to help the relief effort.

And though self-isolating may at times be hard, many people of all faiths, and of none, are discovering that it presents an opportunity to slow down, pause and reflect, in prayer or meditation.

It reminds me of the very first broadcast I made, in 1940, helped by my sister. We, as children, spoke from here at Windsor to children who had been evacuated from their homes and sent away for their own safety. Today, once again, many will feel a painful sense of separation from their loved ones. But now, as then, we know, deep down, that it is the right thing to do.

While we have faced challenges before, this one is different. This time we join with all nations across the globe in a common endeavour, using the great advances of science and our instinctive compassion to heal. We will succeed - and that success will belong to every one of us.

We should take comfort that while we may have more still to endure, better days will return: we will be with our friends again; we will be with our families again; we will meet again.

But for now, I send my thanks and warmest good wishes to you all.

"How old are you?" It may be weird to be asked this question by strangers in the US, but not in every culture.

5月24日，我來到亞塞拜然北邊深山裡、接近俄羅斯邊界的小村Xinalug，那時候整個村裡只有我和另一個背包客；我在建造於山頂上、全部用石頭砌成的房屋之間走著，村裡的男孩突然用發音還不錯的英文問我「你叫什麼名字？」「你幾歲？」「你從哪裡來？」我回答了他們所有問題然後就⋯⋯沒有然後了，或許這就是他們在學校學到基本英文的其中幾句吧？

他們不是村裡唯一嘗試和我搭話的人，也有些成年男性向我問好，並且問我需不需要地方住，猜想對他們來說這是賺外快的方法；不過當我向他們說明自己不過夜之後，他們就像正常的朋友那樣對話，絲毫沒有那種想無所不用其極從你身上榨出錢來的感覺。這種還沒被觀光業破壞、還未遭到銅臭味污染的人情味，是我喜歡高加索山的原因之一。

On May 24, I visited Xinalug, a remote village in the mountainous Northern Azerbaijan near the Russian border. While walking through stone built houses on top of a mountain as one of the only two visitors there, a couple of boys looked at me and asked "what's your name?" "How old are you?" "Where are you from?" Their English pronunciation was surprisingly good, but our conversation ended after these 3 Q&A's. I guess these are probably some of the few English sentences they learned from school.

To be honest, they're not the only locals who tried to talk to me with simple English. Several other adults also asked if I need a place to stay overnight, which is for them a business opportunity. But as soon as I said I didn't need it, they simply talked to me as guests without pushing me to spend money on anything. This is something I really liked about the Caucasus -- the locals are not yet contaminated by tourists, and you don't need to worry about being plundered by them.

取材片段：https://youtu.be/gALPaJn39FA

I’ve been here once before to shoot a travel show, but it was so quick and I didn’t really get to fully experience the city. So it’s just really nice to be back and just see all the things again. We’re really excited to see all the sights around here.

So usually when we film, we film everything in Hong Kong. We feel the Hong Kong audience a lot. But when we come to ...Well, it’s actually a really good opportunity for us to come overseas because usually we might see comments and things on our blogs and Instagrams from other fans across the world but it’s finally gonna be a day when we actually get to meet with them and interact with them. So I’m really excited. And we’ll be playing games and singing and stuff. I’m just excited to see them.


▍成人英語再起步
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第一期：初階文法
26/4 開班；逢星期五 7:15 pm - 8:30 pm（尚餘1個名額）
30/5 開班；逢星期四 7:15 pm - 8:30 pm

第二期：進階文法
18/4 開班；逢星期四 7:15 pm - 8:30 pm
31/5 開班；逢星期五 7:15 pm - 8:30 pm

第三期：基礎發音
26/4 開班；逢星期五 8:45 pm - 10:00 pm
30/5 開班；逢星期四 8:45 pm - 10:00 pm

第四期：語調
18/4 開班；逢星期四 8:45 pm - 10:00 pm
31/5 開班；逢星期五 8:45 pm - 10:00 pm

● 成人英語再起步、One-day course、說話/寫作實戰班 詳情 ► http://bit.ly/fla-adult-infosheet

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▍課程資料
● 成人英語再起步
⭐新班⭐時間表 ► http://bit.ly/fla-adult-infosheet
課程資料、報名表格 ► http://bit.ly/成人英語再起步

● 中、小學常規班
課程資料、時間表 ► http://bit.ly/fla-courses


訂閱與芬尼學英語 ► http://bit.ly/flayt-sub

喜歡我們的短片嗎？到 Patreon 支持我們！ ► http://bit.ly/fla-patreon

▍播放清單：
時事英語 ► http://bit.ly/2RqrMok
名人英語 ► http://bit.ly/2EUc8QO
Word Pairs 怎樣分 ► http://bit.ly/2hS1MCF
品牌名學英語 ► http://bit.ly/2qd3mUq
朗誦節特訓 ► http://bit.ly/2PBqZno

▍更多學習資源：
● 加入 Finnie's Facebook 群組：bit.ly/flafbgp
● 訂閱電子報：http://bit.ly/fla-nl
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▍Follow 芬尼：
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● Get a FREE first Uber ride (up to HK$50): https://www.uber.com/invite/tiffanys2213ue
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