[時事英文] 2020熱門英文單字
2020榜上有哪些熱門英文單字呢？
來看看柯林斯辭典(Collins Dictionary)怎麼說吧。
音檔: https://www.instagram.com/p/CJFFrpDlYS7/
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"Lockdown" has been declared the word of the year for 2020 by Collins Dictionary, after a sharp rise in its usage during the pandemic. It "encapsulates the shared experience of billions of people", Collins said.
1. declare 宣布
2. word of the year 年度熱詞
3. a sharp rise in its usage 使用率飆升
4. encapsulate (v.) 概括、濃縮
5. the shared experience of billions of people 億萬人的共同體驗
世界著名的英語辭典——柯林斯辭典率先宣布，「封城」因為在新冠疫情期間使用率飆升，成為2020年的年度熱詞。柯林斯辭典在宣佈「封城」為本年度熱詞時表示，該詞「概括濃縮了億萬人的共同體驗」。
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Lexicographers registered more than 250,000 usages of "lockdown" during 2020, up from just 4,000 last year. Other pandemic-linked terms on the 10-strong list include "furlough", "key worker", "self-isolate" and "social distancing" as well as "coronavirus".
6. up from… 從
7. furlough (n.) （員工或軍人的）休假，探親假 ; （v.) 准許…休假；強制…休假
8. key worker (n.)關鍵工作人員*
9. self-isolate (v.) 自我隔離
10. social distancing (n.)社交距離**
11. coronavirus (n.)冠狀病毒
詞典編纂者在2020年記錄人們查詢了超過25萬次「封城」，而去年只有4,000次。在十強名單中，其他與流行病相關的術語還包括「休假」、「關鍵工作人員」、「自我隔離」和「社交距離」以及「冠狀病毒」。
*A key worker/ critical worker is a public/ private-sector employee who is considered to provide an essential service, e.g., doctors, nurses, teachers, etc.
**social distancing: http://bit.ly/2WBRJGs
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Non-virus related words to make the list reflect the social and political upheavals of 2020. Following the death of the unarmed black man George Floyd in the US the abbreviation "BLM", for the Black Lives Matter movement, features having registered a 581% increase in usage, according to Collins.
12. social and political upheavals 社會和政治的變化
13. the Black Lives Matter movement 「黑人的命也是命」維權運動
14. an increase in usage 使用量增加
其他和病毒無關的排行單字則反映了2020年的社會和政治變化。其中如美國黑人喬治・佛洛伊德死亡後，柯林斯表示「黑人的命也是命BLM」一詞的使用量增加了581%。
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"Megxit", the term modelled on the word Brexit which was used for the withdrawal of the Duke and Duchess of Sussex from royal duties also makes the list. Social media also plays its part with "TikToker", describing someone who shares content on the platform TikTok and "mukbang" - a term originating in South Korea which describes a host who broadcasts videos of themselves eating large quantities of food.
15. be modelled on 以～為原型
16. the withdrawal of…from… 從～撤出
17. make the list 列清單；（組成）排行榜上
18. share content 分享內容
19. mukbang （大胃王）吃播
20. broadcast videos 播放影片
「抖音創作者」也在社群媒體佔有一席之地，其描述在抖音平台分享內容的人；而「吃播」這個詞起源於南韓，描述了播主播放自己吃大量食物的影片。「梅根脫英」是一個以英國脫歐一詞為原型的術語，該詞在排行榜上，並曾被用來形容薩塞克斯公爵和公爵夫人從王室職務中撤離一事。
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Helen Newstead, language content consultant at Collins, said: "Language is a reflection of the world around us and 2020 has been dominated by the global pandemic. "Lockdown has affected the way we work, study, shop, and socialize. “With many countries entering a second lockdown, it is not a word of the year to celebrate but it is, perhaps, one that sums up the year for most of the world."
21. a reflection of ～的體現、反映、表達
22. be dominated by 被～主宰
23. the global pandemic 全球疫情
24. enter a second lockdown （來到）第二次封城（抗疫）
25. sum up 總結
柯林斯辭典的語言內容顧問海倫·紐斯特德說：「語言是我們周圍世界的體現，2020年已經被全球疫情主宰。封城影響了我們的工作、學習、購物和社交方式。隨著許多國家第二次封城抗疫，這當然不是一個值得慶祝的年度熱詞，但卻算是能最好概括和總結今年的詞。」
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文章來自《BBC》
完整報導: http://bbc.in/37DQNay
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如何學習英文單字: https://bit.ly/3oFKFnS
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