口服抗凝藥vitamin K antagonist:Coumarin (Warfarin)
Coumarin(Warfarin) 類:是一種Vitamin K拮抗劑(VKA, Vitamin K Antagonist)
Coumadin®可邁丁錠(Warfarin):為coumarin(香豆醇)衍生物,早期作為滅鼠藥。
Warfarin競爭性的作用於 vitamin K epoxide reductase complex 1 (VKORC1, 維生素 K 環氧化物還原酵素),阻斷氧化型 (無活性)的vitamin K轉成還原型 (有活性)的 vitamin K,而活性型的 vitamin K參與了凝血因子 (coagulation factors) II (減少 prothrombin 凝血酶原產生), VII, IX, X的作用。可監測 PT (prothrombin time 凝血酶原時間)、INR (international normalized ratio 國際標準化比值)。
Warfarin 抑制了凝血因子 II, VII, IX, X,達到抗凝血作用。
Warfarin 經過肝臟的Cytochrome C-450 system代謝。
因此肝病及喝酒變會改變Warfarin的半衰期。
急性喝酒會減少Warfarin代謝,而慢性酗酒的人會延長Warfarin代謝。
本藥在體內才具有療效,又易與血中白蛋白結合,有蓄積在體內之現象。
Warfarin用藥監測
Warafrin半衰期約為36-42小時,藥效最高峰在36-72小時。停藥之後,藥效仍可持續2-5天。使用過量會產生出血,所以服藥期間須監測凝血酶(Prothrombin Time; PT)以調整劑量。
劑量及監測:以5mg/day開始。下來的5-7天需檢測INR值,位於2.0-3.0.之間來調整劑量。穩定1-2星期後,可以2-4星期檢測一次。
臨床用途:預防和治療各種血栓,肺栓塞、腦血管栓塞、下肢靜脈曲張及長期臥床之病人。
注意事項:
Warfarin會通過胎盤導致畸胎,可改用Heparin /LWVH。
Warfarin和其他藥物交互作用:
抑制代謝:INR上升:Acetaminophen, Allopurinol, Azole (imidazoles, triazoles), Macrolides, Fluroquinolones, SSRIs, Statins, Metronidazole, Amiodarone, Cimetidine
誘導代謝:INR下降:Carbamazepine, Griseofulvin, Phenytoin, Primidone, Rifampin
增加出血的危險:人蔘脂類"活血"的中藥也會增加Warfarin出血的危險。
Warfarin和其他食物交互作用:
避免攝取過多維生素K的食物:酪梨、木瓜、綠色奇異果。
勿食:納豆、大豆卵磷脂。人參、西洋參、花旗參、高麗參、東洋參、吉林參、紅棗、貫葉連翹
(金絲桃草)。靈芝、丹參、大蒜丸、當歸、含有當歸的補品(如八珍湯、十全大補湯、芎歸膠艾湯、薑母鴨、當歸鴨、羊肉爐、藥燉排骨)、川芎、地黃、白芍、牛膝、白芷、銀杏(白果)、銀菊、枸杞、南非釣麻、葫蘆巴、黃耆、甘菊、四物湯(其中含當歸、川芎、地黃)。
Warfarin中毒之治療
凝固固障(Coagulopathy)的INR >1.4;
Warfarin中毒的INR >3.0-3.5
急性中毒:每12-24小時測INR;如果36小時後,INR正常且無出血現象,代表無Warfarin中毒,不必再繼續測INR。
INR升高,沒有出血現象,不需要vitamin K。
INR > 10,或有出血現象,給予vitamin K。
沒有必要給予預防性的vitamin K。(Warfarin的作用時間比vitamin K長)
*無出血現象,不要給予FFP(Fresh Frozen Plasma,新鮮冷凍血漿)或 PCC(Prothrombin Complex Concentrate,凝血酶原複合濃縮液)
Warfarin中毒合併嚴重出血之處置
給予PCC;無PCC時,給予FFP。
Vitamin K10mg IV
給予止血劑Tranexamic acid
當 INR 過高,或出現大出血,給予vitamin K 通常6-12小時內 INR 會下降。如果6-8小時後再次 follow INR 沒有改善,可以再次給予vitamin K, 每次劑量可以給10 mg. 如果是某些需維持INR 高的疾病,可以給予低劑量vitamin K 1~2.5mg。非緊急狀況可以口服給予 vitamin K, vitamin K 如果情況允許,盡量口服或皮下注射,靜脈注射即使已經充分稀釋、緩慢注射,仍可能引起過敏性休克。(*http://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/nutritional_disorders/vitamin_deficiency_dependency_and_toxicity/vitamin_k.html)
PCC(Prothrombin Complex Concentrate)
*PCC有0.9%引起血栓栓塞。
*顱內出血時可給予FFP,15-30 ml/kg可以回復30-50%的基本凝血功能。
* Vit K需要4~8小時才能逆轉warfarin作用,FFP比較快,要20~25分鐘. 而PCC 比FFP快四五倍的速度.
*PCC主要成份是vitamin K依賴之凝血因子。
*4-factor PCC:是含有四種凝血因子I, VII, IX, and X及蛋白質S, and C的PCC
*3-factor PCC: 是含有四種凝血因子I, IX, and X及蛋白質S, and C,及很少量的factor VII的PCC,
* PCC 適應症:主要用於藥物引起INR過高造成大出血(生命危急)。多數是腸胃道和顱內出血。因濃度較高,用量比FFP少很多,可避免體液過量。另外,FFP內含有抗體,可能引起急性肺損傷。PCC在製造過程已經移除抗體,PCC製造過程有做病毒去活化處理,而FFP沒有(僅做篩檢).
*PCC使用量:1–2 ml/kg。可以回復50-100%的基本凝血功能。
*PCC在台灣有醫院進德國的Behring GmbH Beriplex®
Beriplex適應症:
1、治療及手術前後期間預防因後天性缺乏凝血酶原複合凝血因子,如因接受維生素K 拮抗劑治療造成之缺乏或維生素K拮抗劑過量,且須快速校正缺乏量時之出血。
2、治療及手術前後期間預防因先天性缺乏任一種維生素K 依賴型凝血因子的情況下,且無法供應純化之特定凝血因子濃縮製劑時之出血。
Ref:
Chap. 3: Vitamin K antagonists
https://oxfordmedicine.com/view/10.1093/med/9780198784906.001.0001/med-9780198784906ㄝApril 23, 2020ㄝESC CardioMed (3 edn)
DVT treatment Guideline: European Heart Journal (2020) 41, 543-603
http://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/nutritional_disorders/vitamin_deficiency_dependency_and_toxicity/vitamin_k.html
#INR #Warfarin #Coumadin #PCC
#FFP
#vit_K
#抗凝劑
同時也有16部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過2,210的網紅DJ Macky Suson,也在其Youtube影片中提到,Best Facial Treatments in Singapore Recommended by Dr. Shiau Ee Leng at ClearSK Aesthetics Singapore #Shorts Top 5 Facial Treatments in Singapore Aq...
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plasma treatment 在 DJ Macky Suson Facebook 的最佳貼文
Best Facial Treatments in Singapore Recommended by Dr. Shiau Ee Leng at ClearSK Aesthetics Singapore
Top 5 Facial Treatments in Singapore
Aqua Clear Skin Facial For Clear Skin
Achieve a visible glow and clearer skin with Aqua Acne Peel, based on the Aqua ST system. This treatment provides both non-invasive exfoliation and delivery of topical solutions safely and painlessly to cleanse, exfoliate, extract and hydrate the skin. The Aqua ST system allows customers to achieve optimum results at an accelerated basis, without the complications and discomfort usually associated with invasive procedures.
Plasma-powered Infusion Anti-bacteria Acne-clearing
It removes the bacteria and helps absorb essential drug to the skin tissue. A strong low-temperature atmospheric plasma on the surface of the skin sterilize the skin and the ionized radicals stimulates the skin treatment process such as skin regeneration, anti-bacteria, TDDS (Transdermal Drug Delivery System), skin whitening and collagen generation.
Flawless Bright Skin (3rd Generation Pico Laser)
If you are looking for a pain-free, safe and effective solution, you must try our Pico Laser!
Reduces pigmentation to achieve smooth clear skin
Comfortable, no pain!
Largest spot size in market so treatment time is shorter
FDA-approved so you can be assured of its safety and effectiveness
1. If you’re First Time User (FTU), you may enjoy the above price with no minimum purchase. FTU means you are buying this item from our clinic for the first time.
2. For non-FTU, minimum quantity of order stated in each product listing has to be fulfilled otherwise management reserves the rights to void the order.
3. Full payment must be made before utilising the treatment.
4. Item is not transferable.
Ultrasonic V-Face Hifu $115 I Member $98
The above price is for 1 session of Korean V-Face Hifu
Anit-Aging
Profhilo is a revolutionary bio-remodelling “injectable skincare” that addresses skin laxity and signs of aging
5 Unique BAP Injection Points
Key Benefits (Profhilo)
1. Firms, tightens and lifts the skin
2. Stimulates elastin and collagens
3. Improves skin quality and hydration
4. Repairs damaged tissues
About
DR. SHIAU EE LENG
Medical Director
Panelist in International Medical Team (iMAP) of ClearSK Healthcare
Med (FM) Spore
Dip Dermatology (FP)
MCFP (Singapore)
Professional Membership
Currently, she is serving as part of the Executive Committee for the Society of Aesthetics Medicine (Singapore) and is also part of the organising committee for this year’s Asia Aesthetics conferences held at Marina Bay Sands.
As Medical Director of CSK Group of Aesthetic Clinics, she believes that true beauty is about feeling good and living well. It has always been her passion to make everyone feel and look their best at any age. Her well-rounded training and years of experience in medical aesthetics has positioned her as the professional to look for to perfect your skin and body.
plasma treatment 在 Facebook 的精選貼文
華山論劍⚔️!
值得注意的新冠病毒進化
2月5日,(Nature)在線發表了一篇關於新冠病毒的重要論文。
題目是: SARS-CoV-2 evolution during treatment of chronic infection
這是英國劍橋大學領銜的研究團隊報導了一個特殊的病例,值得大家注意。
簡單的病史如下…..
這個病人是一名七十多歲的男性,他先前曾被診斷出淋巴瘤,接受過化療,因此有免疫功能低下。
2020年夏季,這名患者因感染新冠病毒而入院治療。
這名病人確診後接受了多項治療,包括抗生素,類固醇,幾個療程的抗病毒藥瑞德西韋,還有恢復期血漿,100多天內接受過多種治療,但最終仍然不治身亡。
最重要的發現是,新冠病毒在這名患者體內不斷進化,出現了不同的變異毒株。
原來,這段住院期間,醫療研究人員共在23個不同的治療時間點採集了病人的病毒樣本,做了全基因組深度測序。根據這些序列,研究人員觀察到,在最初的57天內,接受了兩個療程的瑞德西韋後,總體病毒種群幾乎沒有變化。
但在病人住院第66天到第82天,接受了兩輪恢復期血漿治療後,體內的病毒種群結構發生了顯著改變。
這意味著在血漿治療給病毒帶來的生存壓力下,讓病毒產生變異,這變異為病毒提供了生存下來的條件。
這個變異株的刺突蛋白上出現了兩個突變:一個是位點69/70的缺失突變(ΔH69/ΔV70),還有一個突變造成D796H替換。
D796H發揮了逃逸抗體中和作用的主要作用,而ΔH69/ΔV70缺失突變則讓病毒的感染力翻倍。
可以說,新冠病毒非常的“狡猾”,利用兩種突變取長補短,最終增強了適應性。
研究人發現在英國正在快速傳播的變異株B.1.1.7上也有同樣的缺失突變。
而且倫敦衛生與熱帶醫學院的數據指出,B.1.1.7不僅比以前的變異毒株傳播速度更快,而且被感染者的死亡風險大約提高了35%。
這會不會太可怕啊!
還好這是單一病例的研究報告!
若病人是免疫系統功能正常的個體,由於免疫控制較好,體內的病毒多樣性可能較低。
但雖然是case report,還是引起大家的關切,因為這項研究結果提醒醫療人員一件事情,就是對於免疫功能低下的患者,若出現長期病毒複製時,他們體內的新冠病毒是可能會發生進化。
因此在「治療策略」上,需要有更謹慎考慮的態度,以免為病毒變異提供更大的機會。
新冠病毒與人類的華山論劍會有幾次呢?
plasma treatment 在 DJ Macky Suson Youtube 的精選貼文
Best Facial Treatments in Singapore Recommended by Dr. Shiau Ee Leng at ClearSK Aesthetics Singapore #Shorts
Top 5 Facial Treatments in Singapore
Aqua Clear Skin Facial For Clear Skin
Achieve a visible glow and clearer skin with Aqua Acne Peel, based on the Aqua ST system. This treatment provides both non-invasive exfoliation and delivery of topical solutions safely and painlessly to cleanse, exfoliate, extract and hydrate the skin. The Aqua ST system allows customers to achieve optimum results at an accelerated basis, without the complications and discomfort usually associated with invasive procedures.
Plasma-powered Infusion Anti-bacteria Acne-clearing
It removes the bacteria and helps absorb essential drug to the skin tissue. A strong low-temperature atmospheric plasma on the surface of the skin sterilize the skin and the ionized radicals stimulates the skin treatment process such as skin regeneration, anti-bacteria, TDDS (Transdermal Drug Delivery System), skin whitening and collagen generation.
Flawless Bright Skin (3rd Generation Pico Laser)
If you are looking for a pain-free, safe and effective solution, you must try our Pico Laser!
Reduces pigmentation to achieve smooth clear skin
Comfortable, no pain!
Largest spot size in market so treatment time is shorter
FDA-approved so you can be assured of its safety and effectiveness
1. If you’re First Time User (FTU), you may enjoy the above price with no minimum purchase. FTU means you are buying this item from our clinic for the first time.
2. For non-FTU, minimum quantity of order stated in each product listing has to be fulfilled otherwise management reserves the rights to void the order.
3. Full payment must be made before utilising the treatment.
4. Item is not transferable.
Ultrasonic V-Face Hifu $115 I Member $98
The above price is for 1 session of Korean V-Face Hifu
Anit-Aging
Profhilo is a revolutionary bio-remodelling “injectable skincare” that addresses skin laxity and signs of aging
5 Unique BAP Injection Points
Key Benefits (Profhilo)
1. Firms, tightens and lifts the skin
2. Stimulates elastin and collagens
3. Improves skin quality and hydration
4. Repairs damaged tissues
plasma treatment 在 DJ Macky Suson Youtube 的最佳解答
Best Facial Treatments in Singapore Recommended by Dr. Shiau Ee Leng at ClearSK Aesthetics Singapore #Shorts
Top 5 Facial Treatments in Singapore
Aqua Clear Skin Facial For Clear Skin
Achieve a visible glow and clearer skin with Aqua Acne Peel, based on the Aqua ST system. This treatment provides both non-invasive exfoliation and delivery of topical solutions safely and painlessly to cleanse, exfoliate, extract and hydrate the skin. The Aqua ST system allows customers to achieve optimum results at an accelerated basis, without the complications and discomfort usually associated with invasive procedures.
Plasma-powered Infusion Anti-bacteria Acne-clearing
It removes the bacteria and helps absorb essential drug to the skin tissue. A strong low-temperature atmospheric plasma on the surface of the skin sterilize the skin and the ionized radicals stimulates the skin treatment process such as skin regeneration, anti-bacteria, TDDS (Transdermal Drug Delivery System), skin whitening and collagen generation.
Flawless Bright Skin (3rd Generation Pico Laser)
If you are looking for a pain-free, safe and effective solution, you must try our Pico Laser!
Reduces pigmentation to achieve smooth clear skin
Comfortable, no pain!
Largest spot size in market so treatment time is shorter
FDA-approved so you can be assured of its safety and effectiveness
1. If you’re First Time User (FTU), you may enjoy the above price with no minimum purchase. FTU means you are buying this item from our clinic for the first time.
2. For non-FTU, minimum quantity of order stated in each product listing has to be fulfilled otherwise management reserves the rights to void the order.
3. Full payment must be made before utilising the treatment.
4. Item is not transferable.
Ultrasonic V-Face Hifu $115 I Member $98
The above price is for 1 session of Korean V-Face Hifu
Anit-Aging
Profhilo is a revolutionary bio-remodelling “injectable skincare” that addresses skin laxity and signs of aging
5 Unique BAP Injection Points
Key Benefits (Profhilo)
1. Firms, tightens and lifts the skin
2. Stimulates elastin and collagens
3. Improves skin quality and hydration
4. Repairs damaged tissues
plasma treatment 在 DJ Macky Suson Youtube 的精選貼文
Best Facial Treatments in Singapore Recommended by Dr. Shiau Ee Leng at ClearSK Aesthetics Singapore #Shorts
Top 5 Facial Treatments in Singapore
Aqua Clear Skin Facial For Clear Skin
Achieve a visible glow and clearer skin with Aqua Acne Peel, based on the Aqua ST system. This treatment provides both non-invasive exfoliation and delivery of topical solutions safely and painlessly to cleanse, exfoliate, extract and hydrate the skin. The Aqua ST system allows customers to achieve optimum results at an accelerated basis, without the complications and discomfort usually associated with invasive procedures.
Plasma-powered Infusion Anti-bacteria Acne-clearing
It removes the bacteria and helps absorb essential drug to the skin tissue. A strong low-temperature atmospheric plasma on the surface of the skin sterilize the skin and the ionized radicals stimulates the skin treatment process such as skin regeneration, anti-bacteria, TDDS (Transdermal Drug Delivery System), skin whitening and collagen generation.
Flawless Bright Skin (3rd Generation Pico Laser)
If you are looking for a pain-free, safe and effective solution, you must try our Pico Laser!
Reduces pigmentation to achieve smooth clear skin
Comfortable, no pain!
Largest spot size in market so treatment time is shorter
FDA-approved so you can be assured of its safety and effectiveness
1. If you’re First Time User (FTU), you may enjoy the above price with no minimum purchase. FTU means you are buying this item from our clinic for the first time.
2. For non-FTU, minimum quantity of order stated in each product listing has to be fulfilled otherwise management reserves the rights to void the order.
3. Full payment must be made before utilising the treatment.
4. Item is not transferable.
Ultrasonic V-Face Hifu $115 I Member $98
The above price is for 1 session of Korean V-Face Hifu
Anit-Aging
Profhilo is a revolutionary bio-remodelling “injectable skincare” that addresses skin laxity and signs of aging
5 Unique BAP Injection Points
Key Benefits (Profhilo)
1. Firms, tightens and lifts the skin
2. Stimulates elastin and collagens
3. Improves skin quality and hydration
4. Repairs damaged tissues
plasma treatment 在 Henniker Plasma - Plasma Cleaning Explained - YouTube 的推薦與評價
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