關於 positive discipline for teachers ，我們在網路上蒐集到這些相關的討論、資訊與評價

【國立臺灣大學109學年度畢業典禮 致詞代表 資訊工程學系韓哈斯】
Student Address, National Taiwan University Commencement 2021
International student Seth Austin Harding from Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering

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校長、教授、以及在螢幕前的各位同學，大家好。非常感謝臺大給我這個機會。我是韓哈斯，來自美國華盛頓特區。我會以自身的真實經驗出發，來跟大家分享臺大帶給我的收穫。

我當初為什麼選擇來台灣求學呢？我小時候非常喜歡看武打片，然後我十歲的時候去看了一部電影叫做「功夫熊貓」。這部電影成為了我最喜歡的電影，主角「阿波」的故事跟我的故事很像。我看完了之後就決定要開始學功夫，所以去了「美國武術學院」。那個時候我每天都聽旁邊的人講中文，到了高中我就決定開始學中文。當時我遇到了一位貴人，她是從台北到美國來教書的中文老師，她教的課是我當時最喜歡的課，我每天去她的教室跟好朋友練習。到了高中畢業時，我是全高中中文最好的非母語人士。同時，我第二喜歡的課程是電腦科學，那時候我是程式能力數一數二的學生。後來在成功錄取夢寐以求的學校：臺灣大學之後，我感到雀躍不已，因為我既可以繼續學習中文，也可以持續在世界頂尖的學府中，往電腦科學的方向精進自我。

不過老實說，當我回顧大一的時期，我也曾迷失自我。雖然我修了很多很多的中文課，但是我那時只聽得懂大概一半的課程內容。跟大家對美國人的印象不同，我其實很害羞，也很害怕舉手提問，我甚至不太敢參與社交，所以當時朋友也很少。我開始想家，也變得有一點憂鬱。那時籃球是我唯一的紓壓方式。

但更不幸的是，我在打籃球時弄傷了我的前十字韌帶，做了兩次手術，需要一年半才能恢復。許多的負面情緒壓得我喘不過氣。我被困在人生的低谷，不知如何是好。我覺得我的中文不夠好，我也被診斷出失眠跟ADHD，另外，美國高中的數學太簡單了，來這邊不夠用。種種壓力讓我足不出戶，找不到自己的人生方向。後來，我向臺大心輔中心以及我的心理醫師尋求協助，然後我也開始跟系上有更多互動。有一位教授叫徐宏民跟我說，"Never give up"，雖然那時候我覺得這句話太過於簡化了我的問題，不過，在我仔細思考了一個禮拜之後，我下定決心，發誓不讓自己被這些事擊敗。我決定要克盡全力，認真做好每件事。這是我人生的轉捩點，我開始變得異常自律。當時廖世偉教授和洪士灝系主任帶我進入它們的研究室鑽研學術。這重燃了我對資訊工程的熱忱，提醒了我當初會愛上這個領域的原因。我開始研究人工智慧以及區塊鏈，也開始跟其他系上同學交朋友，一起成立臺大人工智慧應用社NTUAI。NTUAI現在是校內頗具規模的技術研究社團，致力於推廣人工智慧給任何對該領域有熱忱的學生。歡迎加入NTUAI，可以掃描我們的QR CODE。

最近，由於疫情的緣故，我已經一年半沒回美國了。但是沒關係，因為我已經找到了我第二個家。我很愛臺大，以及台灣的人事物。雖然我經歷了人生的低潮，但這裡的一切總是給我滿滿的祝福與協助。最後，我想送給大家「功夫熊貓」裡的一句台詞： "You just need to believe"。只要用樂觀的態度去面對困難，就有能力改變自己，甚至改變身旁所愛的人。就像阿波的父親說的，"心誠則靈，只要你相信，點石就能成金。根本沒有什麼秘笈。只有你。"謝謝大家。

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President, professors, and classmates, I'm very honored to be here. Thank you to NTU for giving me this opportunity. My name's Seth Austin Harding, and I'm from the D.C. metropolitan area. I'm going to tell a real story that's personal but that's relatable and what I see as the real me.

What motivated and guided me to take my undergraduate studies in Taiwan? When I was very young, I really loved watching kung fu movies, and when I was 10 years old, I went to the theater to watch "Kung Fu Panda". This became my favorite movie as I felt like the story of the main character Po was one to which I could very much relate. After watching this movie, I decided that I wanted to start learning kung fu, so I went to the United States Wushu Academy. At the time, I began hearing Mandarin on a daily basis, so when I was in high school, I decided to begin formally studying Chinese. It ended up being my Chinese teacher from Taipei who was my favorite teacher who taught my favorite class, so I decided I'd hang out in the Chinese classroom every day and practice lots. By the time graduation came around, I had attained the highest proficiency in Chinese among any non-native speaker in my school. My second favorite class was computer science, and I ended up attaining among the best coding skills in my school. After getting accepted to the school of my dreams -- National Taiwan University -- I felt honored, humbled, and excited; I could now spend time at among the world's finest universities studying Chinese and at the same time advancing my knowledge of computer science.

But when I look back at my freshman year, to be honest with you, I didn't know what I was doing. Despite having taken very many Chinese classes, when I went to the NTU lectures, I understood only about half of what the teachers were saying. Contrary to most people's impressions of an American, I was actually too shy to raise my hand, to ask questions, or to even meet with teachers after class, so I had very few friends at the time. I started to become homesick and depressed. At that time, I found that basketball was the only way I knew of relieving my stress. However, while playing basketball, I had torn my ACL and it would take two surgeries and a year and a half in time to fully recover. At this point, I felt caught between a rock and a hard place. In fact, this was the lowest point of my life, and I didn't know what to do. I felt like my Chinese wasn't good enough, I had been diagnosed with insomnia and ADHD, and I felt like the math taught in America was too simple to allow for me to keep up with my classmates. I was under immense pressure, and at this time, I lost any sense of purpose or direction. Later on, I went to seek help from NTU counseling, from my psychiatrist, and from my department. I reached out to Professor Winston Hsu from CSIE, and he told me this: "Never give up"; it was such an oversimplified way to approach such a complex series of problems, I had thought. However, I pondered these words intensely for one week, and by the end of that week, I had made a firm decision. This would NOT be another example of me giving up. I decided to go all out, to work diligently and passionately on all tasks at hand. This was the turning point of my life; I started to discipline myself to a very high degree. At this time, I met my then-to-become advisors Professor Shih-Wei Liao and Professor Shih-Hao Hung and entered their labs to begin research. Finally, the passion that I had for computer science that I had previously held in high school was kindled again, and I was finally reminded why I loved this field. I began my research life in blockchain and AI, and at the time I entered the lab, I also began creating NTUAI. NTUAI is now a large and highly successful NTU club that is dedicated to the research and public understanding of AI. Welcome one and all to join us; please scan our QR code here.

For a year and a half I haven't returned to America because of covid. But not to worry; I have found my second home, away from home. I love it here in NTU and I cherish all of the things I've had the privilege to experience in Taiwan. I've gone through the most difficult of struggles in my life here, but I've also had the most fortunate and blessed of experiences. To conclude, I'd like to quote a line from "Kung Fu Panda": "You just need to believe". As long as you are willing to adopt an optimistic attitude in facing challenges and hardships, you may become a positive force in changing the lives of those around you as well as your own life. It all depends on how you view it; just like what Po's father says, "there is no secret ingredient. It's just you." Thank you, everyone.

詳見：
https://www.facebook.com/NTUCommencement/posts/2718185771805180

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#臺灣大學 #畢業典禮 #NTUCommencement2021 #學生致詞代表 #臺大資訊工程學系 #韓哈斯 #SethAustinHarding

GIẢI ĐỀ IELTS WRITING CAM 10 TEST 1 - TASK 1 & 2
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✍️ Bài mẫu Writing Task 1:
The pie charts compare the percentages of energy consumed for various purposes and how much greenhouse gas is emitted by an average Australian family.
Overall, heating accounts for the highest energy consumption, yet the largest proportion of CO2 emitted belongs to water-heating.
42% of energy consumed in an Australian family is used for heating, which is the highest figure on the chart, followed by that of water-heating, at approximately 30%. In contrast, the figure for other appliances makes up merely 15% and the rest, including refrigeration, cooling and lighting, occupy trivial proportions, under 7% each.
In terms of greenhouse gas released, water-heating and other appliances are the major causes, with about 32% and 28% respectively. In comparison, the data of heating and refrigeration are lower, standing at about 15% each. Both cooling and lighting are responsible for the production of one-tenth of total gas emissions.

✍️ Bài mẫu Writing Task 2:
It is sometimes argued that punishments should be imposed on children so that they could differentiate between right and wrong in the early years of their lives. While I accept that punishments can sometimes have positive effects on children and therefore should be applied, I believe that parents and teachers should choose proper ways to punish their children.
Punishments could change awareness of children. Once they have wrong-doings such as disobeying or telling a lie, instant punishments are vital for them to realize their mistakes and eliminate bad behaviors. Parents could give their children warnings or light physical punishments if they are too stubborn. For instance, when I skipped classes at primary school, my mother asked me to walk to school rather than take a bus and do chores for a week. This not only helps me realize truancy is improper but also increases my self-discipline.
However, parents and teachers should choose appropriate ways to teach good behaviours to children. Harsh corporal punishments should not be used because they affect negatively children’s psychology, such as mental disorders and deep depressions, and pose a threat to their physical health. Instead, parents can opt for educational punishments such as doing housework, setting limit to recreational time, or reducing allowance to avoid money wasting for useless activities. Teachers, similarly, should not reinforce corporal punishment or humiliation but alternatively require them to write their wrongs to educate them about classroom’s disciplines or submit more homework.
In conclusion, it seems to me that punishment is of significance to educate children how to distinguish right from wrong, which punishments are applied should be carefully chosen.

古時候的人，如果要尋找上師，往往得經過口耳相傳的探訪，再歷經千辛萬苦跋山涉水後，才得以拜見隱居於深山洞穴的上師並向其虛心問教；而現在的我們，只要彈指間連上網路，便可以從youtube的影片中飽覽無數名師的教學頻道，欣賞他們輕盈優雅的體位姿態。這樣的我們是幸運的，但從某個層面來說，也可能不是，關鍵在於我們在這些爆炸的資訊中，在這些聲光影像的感官刺激中，能否保有清明的覺知來辨別學習最終的意圖。

我們要來與大家介紹一位老師-Sharmila Desai，她是一位優秀的女性練習者，你或許不曾看過她的體位法影片，也甚少看到她在社群媒體上宣傳自己的教學。她從1997年開始與Guruji及Sharath學習，是KPJAYI的認證老師(Certified)，也在Sharath的委託指示下，編撰了一本關於八肢瑜伽與母親的專書-Yoga Sadhanas for Mothers. 本就低調的她，在結婚成家之後，更有感於Guruji的諄諄提醒「活在當下」，因而決定全心陪伴孩子成長，所以在前些年鮮少有公開的教學活動。

我們有幸於2015年在Mysore認識她，也因為信安與她擔任同時段的助教，而有了更深一層的連結和默契；感謝這次她邀請我們參與她在首次在果亞Purple Valley舉辦的瑜伽營，讓我們有機會與她更近距離地互動，貼近感受她的溫柔力量，以及她多年專注於練習所自然呈現在生活中的從容和智慧。

以下將分享一份Sharmila老師的訪談，她接受中國一個瑜伽相關的網路平台的越洋郵件專訪，她花了非常多的時間，完全無私地分享她練習八肢瑜伽的歷程和體會，特別是以女性及母親的角度為出發點，相信能讓更多人更了解八肢瑜伽帶給我們生命的轉化意義；她總是謙虛地說，這些瑜伽的智慧都是她向前人所學習來的，因而她有義務要將這些智慧分享給更多的人。

訪談全文共分為五個部分，我將依序分段連載；以下為第一部份。

(以下英文原文為Sharmila老師提供連結，由我轉錄自該網路平台，中文部分也重新整理翻譯。原訪談之中英文可參考連結，附於文末。）

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Part 1: The Ashtanga Path
第一部分：八肢瑜伽之路

How do you find the practice? Can you tell something about your days with Guruji?

您是怎麼開始練習八肢瑜伽的？可以分享您與Guruji學習的故事嗎？

I was living in India on a fellowship from Columbia University and working on a project celebrating fifty years of Indian Independence in 1997. It was also the year that I met my Guruji, Shri K. Pattabhi Jois, in Lakshmipuram Mysore who introduced me to the path of Self knowledge through Ashtanga yoga.

Meeting and learning from Guruji was everything I had been searching for and more - a heightened amalgamation of all the dancing, prayer, community service and study I had done previously. Guruji had the ability to have his students fully harness a one pointed concentration (ekagrata) and feel the divine (ishvara pranidhana) when he taught yoga. He aptly dispelled any darkness through the Light of his teachings.

I began learning yoga from Guruji in the afternoon class for Indian students in Lakshmipuram. I did not own a yoga mat at the time so I practiced on the carpet and I learned very slowly. I remember simply practicing suryanamaskara and sitting in padmasana for a long while. Time stood still. Guruji taught me more over the years and I am so grateful for that very gradual growth. It properly established the foundation of the practice with everything gently flowing to and from that base.

1997年時，我正以哥倫比亞的獎學金在印度生活，並為一個慶祝印度獨立五十週年的計劃工作著，就在那年，我在邁索爾的Lakshmipuram遇見了我的Guruji(上師)—Shri K. Pattabhi Jois，他透過八肢瑜伽引領我走向追尋自我的道路。

遇見Guruji並能與他學習，深入融合了我過往在舞蹈、祈禱、社會服務和學術研究的所有經驗，這正是我一直以來所希冀追尋的。Guruji教授瑜伽時，能讓學生全心專注投入，並且從中感受到至上神性，他的諄諄教誨，有如驅散黑暗的一盞明燈。

我最初和Guruji練習瑜伽，是在Laximipuram開設給印度籍學生的下午班，那時我甚至還沒有瑜伽墊，只在地毯上練習，而且進度十分緩慢，我記得我就只練習拜日式和蓮花坐姿好長一段時間，時間有如靜止一般，年復一年，Guruji慢慢教我更多東西，我很感激這樣漸進式的學習和成長，一切皆由根基溫和而生、自在流動，奠定了我練習的基礎。

You are an accomplished dancer, how do you see the connection between dancing and yoga on both physical and spiritual level?

您是一位傑出的舞蹈家，您認為舞蹈與瑜伽在物質和精神層面有什麼樣的連結？

The everyday discipline of Indian classical dance prepared me for Ashtanga yoga as taught by the Jois family. As sadhanas rooted in India they share common elements - both are steeped in Indian mythology, are expressions of devotion and connect the inner and outer worlds of consciousness. Studying Indian dance required tremendous self motivation with a daily practice of two to four hours outside of class and much like Ashtanga yoga one could only move forward after mastery of the present lesson as the Guru saw it. The method to learn was slow and thorough, daily with an emphasis on foundational expertise and also not necessarily in a linear pattern. Only through precision in form, rhythm and rasa could the Divine be invoked.

印度古典舞中的每日紀律，讓我做好準備向Jois家族學習八肢瑜伽。印度古典舞和八肢瑜伽皆是根植於印度的一種修煉形式，因而兩者之間有許多相同的元素：富含印度神話的色彩、並為奉獻的體現形式，用來連結內在和外在世界的意識。學習印度舞需要強大的自我驅策力來堅持每天課外二至四小時的練習，並且，只有當你的老師認為你已經完全掌握了目前所練習的部分之後，才能進階到下一個練習，這正和八肢瑜伽不謀而合。這樣的學習是緩慢而透徹的，日復一日著重於對於根基的徹底掌握，不強求線性的前進，唯有透過精確的形式、節奏和精髓，方能喚醒內在的神性。

You are the only Indian woman to be certified (among 48 certified teachers globally), what this certification means to you?

在全球48位認證老師中，您是唯一一位獲得認證（Certification）的印度女性，這對您來說有什麼意義？

On a physiological level Certification represents a lived understanding of the subtle energies in the Ashtanga yoga system that happens through commitment, respect and concentrated discipline over many years at the source. On a human level the certificate means to me a responsibility to bring the limbs of yoga into all aspects of life - to be a good human being who lives the positive transformation everyday.

Certification is not a course - it is not something you can plan for or measure in hours. You simply dedicate yourself to learning the tradition under the auspices of the teacher without expectations; If Certification is meant to happen along your path it will. And if so, you then keep steady in further studying the tradition. The path of yoga is eternal and one must always continue to seek and to be humbled.

We students are so fortunate that Sharathji and Saraswatiji continue to share with the world the purity of the lineage so we can experience a direct link to the ancient wisdom transmitted through successive generations.

在生理層面，認證代表了對於八肢瑜伽系統裡的精微能量體現於生命中的了解，而這是透過許多年的承諾、尊重，並且回歸源頭，專注於紀律的練習才能發生的。在人文的層面，認證對我來說，意味著我有責任要將瑜伽中的每一肢練習融入生活的各個面向，帶來正向的轉變，成為一個更好的人。

認證並不是一門課程，這不是你可以計畫預期或者通過時間的計量累積來達到的目標，你只需要在老師的協助之下專注學習這套系統，不懷抱任何的期待，若你注定要拿到認證，你就會拿到；而即便拿到了認證，你仍要持之以恆地深入學習傳統，瑜伽之路學無止境，我們必須永遠謙卑地探尋。

作為學生的我們是如此幸運，有Sharathji和Saraswatihi持續與全世界分享純淨正統的八肢瑜伽，讓我們得以經驗這世代相承的古老智慧，並且親身感受與其直接的連結。

You have some of the most “famous” students, such as Sting and his wife Trudie, can you share how is that experiences of teaching celebrities?

您有一些非常「有名的」學生，例如Sting和他的妻子Trudie，您能跟我們分享與這些名人的教學經驗嗎？

Many of the people who I teach and who excel in what they do have a depth and seriousness in their professions that spills into their yoga practice. That silence, dedication, quality of attention that has lead them to success replicates in their practice and in their reverence for the gift of life. Most of the bonds I form with people through yoga become familial grounded in our shared human values based in compassion and a holistic lifestyle.

許多我所教過的、並且在他們的專業領域表現出色的學生，將他們在其專業中所展現的的深度和認真，也帶進他們的瑜伽練習之中。那些引領他們走向成功的人格特質：沈靜、奉獻、專注，同樣呈現在他們的練習以及他們對於「瑜伽」這份生命至禮的虔誠之中。我透過瑜伽與人們建立的關係，大多變得越來越緊密，因為我們有著同樣的人文價值，那是建在慈悲心以及追求身心靈整體的生活形態。

Asana is a tool for us to find inner divine and Self, but sometimes asana can lead to ego and injury, how should we avoid this during our practice?

體位法是讓我們找到內在神性和真我的一樣工具，但有時候體位法也會導致我們膨脹自我或致使受傷，我們應該如何在練習時避免這些情況？

Learning from a true teacher - one who keeps the intent centered on the eight limbs and connects the practice to inner spiritual development - is essential. Everything we are seeking already exists when we are truly present. As a practitioner there is no need to grasp for anything or to push oneself in an asana causing injury. When we practice yoga with devotion and patience developing the tools of the tristhana method the asanas unfold in a non harming unitive way.

I personally find reading the scriptures also helps keep our intention clear. Ancient epics and yoga treatises direct our mind to support the path of the practice. Mythology imaginatively assures us of why we practice, helps us clarify our intent and guides us so we do not become attached to the fruits of our work.

向一位真正的老師來學習，一位專心致志於瑜伽的八肢、並且將練習與內在心靈發展相結合的老師，是非常重要的。當我們真正處於當下時，會發現所有我們追尋的一切皆已然存在，作為一個練習者，沒有必要去強求什麼，甚或為了迫使自己達到某個體位法而導致受傷；當你以奉獻和耐心練習瑜伽，並且建立起結合三大要素的練習方法（Tristhana），體位法便會自然和諧地呈現出來。

我個人認為閱讀經典也有助我們維持清明正確的意圖，古老的史詩和瑜伽專文能引導我們的心念，更堅定練習的道路；神話故事以跳躍想像的方式確立我們練習瑜伽的目的，幫助我們釐清思路並且引領我們，對於表象的成果不過度執著。

＃Tristhana: Asana, Breathing, and Dristhi (體位法，呼吸，以及凝視點）

～待續～

預告：下一部份是「八肢瑜伽與女性」，Sharmila老師將談到女性練習者最關心的話題，如生理期是否該練習？練習八肢瑜伽會導致生理期不正常嗎？練習八肢瑜伽會不會影響受孕？有興趣的同學請持續關注粉絲頁喔！


原文載於：http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s…

圖片來源：http://www.sharmiladesai.com