[關於反芻動物全身麻醉的風險,反芻動物中,全身麻醉的弊大於利。] 有興趣的朋友可以多了解一下喔! (中文翻譯的部分為Google翻譯的,能夠閱讀英文的朋友建議看原文會比較清楚喔)
還有很多很多相關的學術發表,就不貼那麼多出來啦!
Cooper結紮的日期是4月26日,他現在很健康很調皮。
(德叔真的超級超級愛看這些學術發表的文章,但是我還是相信醫生的專業。)
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/334673867_The_Use_of_Epidural_Anaesthesia_over_General_Anaesthesia_in_Ruminants
全身麻醉是現代醫學的重要組成部分。它是一種藥物誘導的可逆病症,包括特定的行為和生理特徵,包括無意識、健忘症、鎮痛和運動不能——伴隨自主神經、心血管、呼吸和體溫調節系統的穩定性。
[反芻動物全身麻醉具有內在風險,如瘤胃內容物反流、唾液分泌過多和肺部誤吸的可能性;因此並不總是推薦使用本地或區域技術。硬膜外麻醉是一種中樞神經阻滯技術,經常用於獸醫實踐中,用於治療家畜會陰、骶骨、腰椎和尾椎部位的不同產科和外科手術干擾。關於在反芻動物和其他物種的各種外科和實驗室程序中使用硬膜外麻醉的科學研究已經有幾項。總之,全身麻醉的弊大於利,特別是在反芻動物中。因此,硬膜外麻醉是首選。
General anaesthesia is an essential component of modern medicine. It is a drug induced reversible condition that includes specific behavioral and physiological traits unconsciousness, amnesia, analgesia, and akinesia- with concomitant stability of the autonomic, cardiovascular, respiratory, and thermoregulatory systems.
[General anesthesia in ruminants has inherent risks such as regurgitation of ruminal contents, excessive salivation and the possibility of pulmonary aspiration; therefore it is not always recommended and local or regional techniques may be used instead. Epidural anaesthesia is a central neuraxial block technique which is used regularly in veterinary practice for treatment of different obstetrical and surgical interferences in the perineal, sacral, lumbar, and caudal parts of the thoracic region of domestic animals. There have been several scientific researches on the use of epidural anesthesia in ruminants and other species for various surgical and laboratory procedures. In conclusion, the disadvantages of general anaesthesia outweigh the advantages especially in ruminant specie. Therefore, epidural anaesthesia is the most preferred.
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/9781118886700.ch1
瘤胃鼓脹、腹脹、反流和吸入性肺炎是與家畜全身麻醉相關的常見問題,應通過適當的預防措施和必要的麻醉前考慮來預見和解決。家畜在麻醉期間可能會出現胃內容物反流和誤吸,尤其是未禁食的動物。反芻動物在麻醉期間通常會大量分泌唾液。惡性高熱的觸發因素包括壓力(例如興奮、運輸或麻醉前處理)、鹵化吸入麻醉劑(例如氟烷、異氟烷、七氟烷和地氟烷)和去極化神經肌肉阻滯藥物(例如琥珀膽鹼)。同樣,氟烷似乎是豬惡性高熱的最有效和最常見的觸發因素。麻醉前禁食可能不能完全防止反流,但會減少瘤胃內容物中的固體物質數量。獸醫應將這些知識與適當的麻醉前準備和適當的圍手術期管理相結合,以確保這些動物的麻醉成功。
Ruminal tympany, bloat, regurgitation, and aspiration pneumonia are common problems associated with general anesthesia in farm animal species that should be anticipated and addressed with proper precautions and the necessary preanesthetic considerations. Regurgitation and aspiration of stomach content can occur in farm animal species during anesthesia, especially in nonfasted animals. Ruminants normally salivate profusely during anesthesia. The triggering agents of malignant hyperthermia include stress (e.g., excitement, transportation, or preanesthetic handling), halogenated inhalation anesthetics (e.g., halothane, isoflurane, sevoflurane, and desflurane), and depolarizing neuro-muscular blocking drugs (e.g., succinylcholine). Similarly, halothane appears to be the most potent and most frequently reported trigger of malignant hyperthermia in pigs. Preanesthetic fasting may not completely prevent regurgitation, but it will decrease the amount of solid matter in the rumen content. Veterinarians should incorporate the knowledge with proper preanesthetic preparations and appropriate perioperative management to ensure successful outcome of anesthesia in these animals.
同時也有10000部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過2,910的網紅コバにゃんチャンネル,也在其Youtube影片中提到,...
preparations中文 在 By Candiicexx Facebook 的最讚貼文
[婚禮業界聯合聲明]
近月,香港各處也充斥著催淚煙的氣味,無論大街小巷、商場食肆,或是屋村屋苑,甚至是婚禮場所,都無一倖免。撥開這一層白茫茫的霧霾𥚃頭,是市民的眼淚、市民的驚恐、市民的痛苦,甚至是市民的鮮血。
一直以來,我們婚禮界堅信及擁護香港的法治精神,但鑑於警察行為已經失控,出現大量濫權、濫捕、濫暴情況。相信這是我們,亦是你,更是大眾所不能接受的!
在良知的驅使下,即使我們如何努力地保持專業,也是很有限的,尤其是在警方濫捕及濫暴香港市民的同時,我們已經不能容許自己在婚禮上再給他們送上微笑祝福!縱使我們深信世上有好人壞人之分,警察也有所謂的黑與白之別,但我們更需要的,是公平、公正的去分辨服務對象!
因此,我們現在嚴正聲明:
在成立獨立調查委員會之前,所有警務人員的任何喜慶節目,一律不再接受預約!
以上是我們一班婚禮從業員的心聲,希望能為香港我們這個家,盡一點綿力;以及將一直以來的核心價值包括公平、努力、包容、相愛,好好保護下來。而且我們更希望,香港不同階層、不同行業、不同身份的左鄰右里,也可以一齊加入、一齊加油、一齊罷接警婚!
光復香港,時代革命
香港人,堅持!香港人,反抗!
2019年11月8日
#香港人 #反抗 #光復香港 #時代革命 #五大訴求 #缺一不可 #反送中文宣 #黃 #雨傘 #各行各業一起罷 #拒絕警暴 #我們一起罷 #你不配 #婚禮界 #良知 #黑白
Wedding Planner Industry
In recent months, the smell of tears has been everywhere in Hong Kong, regardless if on the streets, shopping malls, or housing estates.
Housing estates, even wedding venues, are not spared. Underneath the white mist, the public in panic suffers, shedding tears and blood.
Our wedding planner community has always believed and supported the rule of law in Hong Kong, but the police behaviour has been out of control.
There have been a lot of physical and verbal abuses and violence. These circumstances we the public will never accept.
Even if we work hard to maintain professionalism, our options are very limited, especially with the police as our conscience will not allow it.
At the same time that the police is indiscriminately arresting and violently harassing the people of Hong Kong, we do not bless these actions.
Even though we are convinced that there are good people and bad people in the world, the police also have the so-called black and white. But we will only provide service to those that are fair and balanced.
Therefore, we are now solemnly stating:
Before the establishment of the Independent Investigation Commission, any festive programs of all police officers will no longer be accepted!
The above is the voice of our wedding planner industry, hoping to make a little difference for our home in Hong Kong;
And the core values that have always been included are fairness, hard work, tolerance, and love, and these are well protected.
And we also hope that Hong Kong’s different sectors, different industries and different identities can also take the same position.
Join, refuel, and refuse the police wedding preparations together!
Liberate Hong Kong, the revolution of our times!
Hong Kong people, persist! Hong Kong people, resist!
8th November 2019
preparations中文 在 By Candiicexx Facebook 的最佳貼文
[婚禮業界聯合聲明]
近月,香港各處也充斥著催淚煙的氣味,無論大街小巷、商場食肆,或是屋村屋苑,甚至是婚禮場所,都無一倖免。撥開這一層白茫茫的霧霾𥚃頭,是市民的眼淚、市民的驚恐、市民的痛苦,甚至是市民的鮮血。
一直以來,我們婚禮界堅信及擁護香港的法治精神,但鑑於警察行為已經失控,出現大量濫權、濫捕、濫暴情況。相信這是我們,亦是你,更是大眾所不能接受的!
在良知的驅使下,即使我們如何努力地保持專業,也是很有限的,尤其是在警方濫捕及濫暴香港市民的同時,我們已經不能容許自己在婚禮上再給他們送上微笑祝福!縱使我們深信世上有好人壞人之分,警察也有所謂的黑與白之別,但我們更需要的,是公平、公正的去分辨服務對象!
因此,我們現在嚴正聲明:
在成立獨立調查委員會之前,所有警務人員的任何喜慶節目,一律不再接受預約!
以上是我們一班婚禮從業員的心聲,希望能為香港我們這個家,盡一點綿力;以及將一直以來的核心價值包括公平、努力、包容、相愛,好好保護下來。而且我們更希望,香港不同階層、不同行業、不同身份的左鄰右里,也可以一齊加入、一齊加油、一齊罷接警婚!
光復香港,時代革命
香港人,堅持!香港人,反抗!
2019年11月8日
#香港人 #反抗 #光復香港 #時代革命 #五大訴求 #缺一不可 #反送中文宣 #黃 #雨傘 #各行各業一起罷 #拒絕警暴 #我們一起罷 #你不配 #婚禮界 #良知 #黑白
Wedding Planner Industry
In recent months, the smell of tears has been everywhere in Hong Kong, regardless if on the streets, shopping malls, or housing estates.
Housing estates, even wedding venues, are not spared. Underneath the white mist, the public in panic suffers, shedding tears and blood.
Our wedding planner community has always believed and supported the rule of law in Hong Kong, but the police behaviour has been out of control.
There have been a lot of physical and verbal abuses and violence. These circumstances we the public will never accept.
Even if we work hard to maintain professionalism, our options are very limited, especially with the police as our conscience will not allow it.
At the same time that the police is indiscriminately arresting and violently harassing the people of Hong Kong, we do not bless these actions.
Even though we are convinced that there are good people and bad people in the world, the police also have the so-called black and white. But we will only provide service to those that are fair and balanced.
Therefore, we are now solemnly stating:
Before the establishment of the Independent Investigation Commission, any festive programs of all police officers will no longer be accepted!
The above is the voice of our wedding planner industry, hoping to make a little difference for our home in Hong Kong;
And the core values that have always been included are fairness, hard work, tolerance, and love, and these are well protected.
And we also hope that Hong Kong’s different sectors, different industries and different identities can also take the same position.
Join, refuel, and refuse the police wedding preparations together!
Liberate Hong Kong, the revolution of our times!
Hong Kong people, persist! Hong Kong people, resist!
8th November 2019
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