關於 resulted in用法 ，我們在網路上蒐集到這些相關的討論、資訊與評價

【喬的回顧系列：導致/引起/造成/促成】
喬今天要回顧的這篇在Blogger上很多人搜尋，同學們在追求艱澀的單字之餘，這類簡易的主題不可不熟練唷！

<超重要用法！「導致、造成、引起、促成」的片語整理！>
喬今天要跟各位同學分享的是「導致、造成、引起、促成」的「片語Phrase」整理，明天會繼續分享給各位此主題的「單字Vocabulary」整理唷！

【片語 Phrase】
(1) cause (V.) 引起、促成 (通常接負面的結果)
例: The issue caused severe problems. 這問題已造成很嚴重的問題。

(2) result in (V.) 導致、結果造成
例: The fire resulted in damage to their property.
他們的財產因火災蒙受了損失

(3) spark off (V.) 點爆; 成為…的導火線; 導致
(英英: to bring into being or action; activate or initiate)
- to spark off an argument
- to spark off new ideas and thoughts

(4) conduce to (V.) 有助益; 有貢獻於; 導致
例: The belief that technological progress conduces to human happiness.
對科技進步的信念有貢獻於人類的幸福。

(5) bring about (V.) 導致; 引起; 產生
例: He brought about his company’s collapse by his reckless spending.
他揮霍無度導致公司倒閉

(6) bring on (V.) 引起; 造成(通常是負面的)
(英英: to make something happen, usually something bad)
例: The loud music brought on another one of his headaches.
嘈雜的音樂使他的頭痛再次發作。

(7) give rise to (V.) 引起; 導致
例: International support has given rise to a new optimism in the company.
國際上的支援為公司上下帶來了新的樂觀情緒。

(8) lead to (V.) 導致; 引起
例: Reducing speed limits should lead to fewer death on the roads.
降低限速可以減少交通死亡人數。

(9) contribute to (V.) 促成; 導致
(英英: to help to cause an event or situation)
例: Smoking contributed to his early death. 吸菸導致他早逝。

(以上字典取自- dictionary.cambridge.org | google.com | dictionary.com )

【喬的回顧系列：導致/引起/造成/促成】
今天來回顧英文中表因果關係非常重要的主題。無論考試還日常生活，都是不可或缺的！

<超重要用法！「導致、造成、引起、促成」的片語整理！>
喬今天要跟各位同學分享的是「導致、造成、引起、促成」的「片語Phrase」整理，明天會繼續分享給各位此主題的「單字Vocabulary」整理唷！

【片語 Phrase】
(1) cause (V.) 引起、促成 (通常接負面的結果)
例: The issue caused severe problems. 這問題已造成很嚴重的問題。

(2) result in (V.) 導致、結果造成
例: The fire resulted in damage to their property.
他們的財產因火災蒙受了損失

(3) spark off (V.) 點爆; 成為…的導火線; 導致
(英英: to bring into being or action; activate or initiate)
- to spark off an argument
- to spark off new ideas and thoughts

(4) conduce to (V.) 有助益; 有貢獻於; 導致
例: The belief that technological progress conduces to human happiness.
對科技進步的信念有貢獻於人類的幸福。

(5) bring about (V.) 導致; 引起; 產生
例: He brought about his company’s collapse by his reckless spending.
他揮霍無度導致公司倒閉

(6) bring on (V.) 引起; 造成(通常是負面的)
(英英: to make something happen, usually something bad)
例: The loud music brought on another one of his headaches.
嘈雜的音樂使他的頭痛再次發作。

(7) give rise to (V.) 引起; 導致
例: International support has given rise to a new optimism in the company.
國際上的支援為公司上下帶來了新的樂觀情緒。

(8) lead to (V.) 導致; 引起
例: Reducing speed limits should lead to fewer death on the roads.
降低限速可以減少交通死亡人數。

(9) contribute to (V.) 促成; 導致
(英英: to help to cause an event or situation)
例: Smoking contributed to his early death. 吸菸導致他早逝。

(以上字典取自- dictionary.cambridge.org | google.com | dictionary.com )

馬英九以習近平為「他的（中國）國家主席」？疏忽還是惡搞？
　
　
剛剛在批踢踢英文板看到有人問([1])：原來英文中，一國的總統可以稱另一國總統為「his/her 國名形容詞 president」？真有這個用法？並指出有兩個媒體這麼寫：
　
1. （某新聞網站的圖片說明 [2]） Cuba's President Raul Castro, left, stands with his U.S. President Barack Obama.
古巴總統卡斯楚與「他的」美國總統歐巴馬並肩而站（？）
　
2. （美國之聲VOA學英文網站的文字稿 [3]） Taiwan's President Ma Ying-jeou told his Chinese president Xi Jinping that he was worried about China’s missiles deployed across the Taiwan Strait.
台灣總統馬英九告訴「他的」中國國家主席習近平……（？）
　
以上兩個英文說法若成立，則意味著歐巴馬對卡斯楚，或習近平對馬英九，是上對下、尊對卑、君對臣、中央對地方的關係。（但地方政府怎會有「總統」？）

但我認爲這英文的說法是不恰當的、是錯誤的，適當的說法應該是： his U.S. counterpart、his Chinese counterpart 才對，差了一字，含義大變。改成 counterpart 就讓雙方變成對等關係，這也才是外界對國家領袖的認知：關係對等。

卡斯楚的例子，我不好說什麼，只能說該圖片說明或許是一時筆誤，或者，該記者英文有問題。

馬英九的例子，則找到答案：各位聽一聽同一網頁中語音檔的唸稿，記者「巧妙地」把 his Chinese president Xi 唸成 Chinese president Xi，沒有不該有的 his，這表示該記者發覺文字稿有誤；或者也可能，記者本來製播時就是唸 Chinese president Xi，卻被哪個聽寫人誤寫還是惡搞，加上足以引起爭端的 his？這區區一個小字，錯得可真要命唷！

以下是VOA全文：
　
　　
Leaders from Taiwan and China met Saturday for the first time since the end of the civil war in China, more than 65 years ago.
　
　
The meeting was an effort to create goodwill between the two sides. In the past seven years, ties between the sides have increased. However, some Taiwanese say those ties have not resulted in economic gains or greater security.

China claimed sovereignty over self-ruled Taiwan when it formed the People’s Republic of China in 1949. Relations were icy until 2008. The two sides agreed to link the two economies.

Today in Taiwan, people are unclear about the benefits of the relationship. The island’s economy shrank in the third quarter of this year.

Many Taiwanese wanted progress from the meeting. Liu Yi-jiun is a public affairs professor at Fo Guang University in Taiwan. He said there were high expectations because these two leaders had never met. He said, after two years of planning, political and economic concessions were promised but none were seen.

Taiwan's President Ma Ying-jeou told his Chinese president Xi Jinping that he was worried about China’s missiles deployed across the Taiwan Strait. <== 這句話無故多了個「his」

He also said people in Taiwan were frustrated that China was blocking Taiwan’s foreign relations. China has 170 allies compared with 22 for Taiwan. This difference lets China keep Taiwan from developing its diplomacy further.

In response to Taiwan’s concerns about missiles, Xi Jinping said Saturday China’s missiles were not aimed at Taiwan.

However, economic concerns remain. Taiwan has signed free-trade agreements with Singapore and New Zealand. Both countries have relations with the two sides. But China has blocked Taiwan from joining the United Nations or other international organizations.

Taiwanese officials say deals with China have created 9,600 jobs among a population of 23 million. Agreements that opened tourism brought a total 2.8 million mainland Chinese to the island last year. That is up from almost no tourism in 2007.

Trade deals also have helped increase total imports and exports to $130 billion last year.

China remains Taiwan’s largest trading partner. And it is the top receiver of Taiwanese foreign investment.

Some people complain the benefits of 23 deals with mainland China covering trade and other areas are reaching mainly the owners of big companies.

In Taiwan’s capital markets, investment from China amounts to only a fraction of the island government’s quota, or the amount permitted.

Tseng Ming-chung is Chairman of the Financial Supervisory Commission in Taiwan. He said Friday that the Taiwanese government has approved almost every application for investment from China.

He says the amount of money is extremely small. He adds that the Taiwanese government is not refusing applications. Tseng says mainland Chinese institutions cannot freely set up qualified domestic institutional investors.

China insists on eventual unification with Taiwan. However, public opinion polls show most Taiwanese oppose that goal.

Nathan Liu says the future of relations between the sides is unclear.

“…They think that at least by the end of Ma’s term the two sides should at least reach some kind of agreement,” he said. He noted that, an understanding that the sides are going toward common goals is needed, although it may not be a signed agreement. “This is not complete yet,” he said.

President Ma Ying-jeou has supported closer ties with mainland China. But he and his KMT party have lost support. He must step down next year because of term limits.

A backlash against economic deals with China started mass street protests in March 2014. That anger has given the island’s top opposition party candidate a lead in opinion polls ahead of the January presidential election. Tsai Ing-wen of the Democratic Progressive Party has been highly critical of President Ma’s dealings with China.

Experts say the Saturday leadership summit appears not to have done enough to change voter opinion.

I’m Mario Ritter.

Ralph Jennings reported this story from Taipei. Mario Ritter adapted it for Learning English. Kathleen Struck was the editor.