關於 she is on fire意思 ，我們在網路上蒐集到這些相關的討論、資訊與評價

［翻轉視界 8］逃離禁錮之地：離開北韓我學會自由與憐憫
　
“If you don't know the words, that means you don't understand the concept, and therefore, you don't even realize that concept is even a possibility.” —— human rights activist Yeonmi Park。
　
「如果你不知道某些詞彙，那就意味著你並不了解某些概念，因此你也不會意識到，那些概念可以是一種可能。」——人權鬥士朴延美
　
對出逃前的她而言，自由與溫飽是很奢侈的理念，更無法了解「愛」的全貌。當我們無法得知世界發生了什麼，無法想像那超越自身認知的世界，我們便無法真正地同理他人。今天我想邀請大家，以不同的角度，重新感受自由、溫飽與愛的可貴。
　
★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
I was born in 1993 in the northern part of North Korea, in a town called Hyesan, which is on the border with China. I had loving parents and one older sister. Before I was even 10 years old, my father was sent to a labor camp for engaging in illegal trading. Now, by "illegal trading" -- he was selling clogs, sugar, rice and later copper to feed us. In 2007, my sister and I decided to escape. She was 16 years old, and I was 13 years old.
　
1. on the border with 鄰近邊界
2. labor camp 勞改營
3. illegal trading 非法的交易
　
１９９３年我出生在北韓的北部，一個名叫惠山的小鎮，鄰近中國邊界。我有愛我的父母與一位姐姐。在我１０歲大的時候，父親就被送去勞改營，因為他非法買賣一些東西。所謂的非法買賣，其實他是賣一些木鞋、糖、米，之後還賣了銅，只為了餵飽我們。２００７年，姐姐和我決定逃跑。她當時１６歲，而我１３歲。
　
★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
I need you to understand what the word "escape" means in the context of North Korea. We were all starving, and hunger means death in North Korea. So it was the only option for us. I didn't even understand the concept of escape, but I could see the lights from China at night, and I wondered if I go where the light is, I might be able to find a bowl of rice. It's not like we had a grand plan or maps. We did not know anything about what was going to happen. Imagine your apartment building caught fire. I mean, what would you do? Would you stay there to be burned, or would you jump off out of the window and see what happens? That's what we did. We jumped out of the house instead of the fire.
　
4. in the context of 在⋯⋯的情境中
5. concept 概念；觀念；思想
6. a grand plan 一個遠大的計畫
7. catch fire 著火
　
你們要知道，「逃跑」這兩字在北韓意味著什麼。我們天天挨餓，而飢餓在北韓意味著死亡。所以逃跑是我們唯一的選擇。我當時還不了解逃跑是什麼意思，但晚上我能看見中國那邊的燈光，我想著如果我能到有光的地方，也許就能找到一碗飯。我們沒有什麼遠大的計畫或地圖。我們完全不知道，接下來會發生什麼事。想像一下，你的公寓失火了，你會怎麼辦？你會坐以待斃，還是跳窗然後再看著辦？我們就是那樣。我們從大樓上跳了下來， 而不是等火燒上來。
　
★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
North Korea is unimaginable. It's very hard for me when people ask me what it feels like to live there. To be honest, I tell you: you can't even imagine it. The words in any language can't describe, because it's a totally different planet, as you cannot imagine your life on Mars right now. For example, the word "love" has only one meaning: love for the Dear Leader. There's no concept of romantic love in North Korea. And if you don't know the words, that means you don't understand the concept, and therefore, you don't even realize that concept is even a possibility.
　
8. unimaginable 無法想像
9. no concept of... 沒有⋯的概念
10. romantic love 浪漫愛
　
北韓是難以想像的。對我來說，要回答住在北韓是什麼感覺，非常困難。老實說，我可以告訴各位——你無從想像。沒有任何語言可以描述，因為那是個截然不同的星球，就像你現在無法想像自己在火星上的生活一樣。比如說，「愛」只有一個意思：愛偉大的領袖。在北韓沒有那種浪漫之愛的概念。如果你不知道某些詞彙，那就意味著你並不了解某些概念，因此你也不會意識到，那些概念可以是一種可能。
　
★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
Let me give you another example. Growing up in North Korea, we truly believed that our Dear Leader is an almighty god who can even read my thoughts. I was even afraid to think in North Korea. We are told that he's starving for us, and he's working tirelessly for us, and my heart just broke for him. When I escaped to South Korea, people told me that he was actually a dictator, he had cars, many, many resorts, and he had an ultraluxurious life. And then I remember looking at a picture of him, realizing for the first time that he is the largest guy in the picture. And it hit me. Finally, I realized he wasn't starving. But I was never able to see that before, until someone told me that he was fat.
　
11. an almighty god 一個全能的神
12. tirelessly 不屈不撓地；堅忍地
13. a dictator 獨裁者
14. it hit me 突然想到、意識到 
15. resort 度假地（此處係指北韓獨裁者有很多度假別墅）
16. ultraluxurious 極其奢華的
17. have a…life 過著⋯⋯的生活
　
讓我再舉一個例子。在北韓長大，我們真心相信我們偉大的領袖是全能的神，他甚至能看穿我在想什麼。我在北韓甚至不敢思考。我們聽說他為我們挨餓、不眠不休地為我們工作，而我為此感到心痛。我逃到南韓後，有人跟我說他其實是獨裁者，他有很多車、很多很多渡假別墅，他的生活極為奢華。我記得自己看著一張有他的照片，第一次意識到他是照片裡體型最大的那個。這件事讓我大受打擊。那時我才終於了解，他沒有挨餓。但我以前總無法看清這些，直到有人跟我說他很胖，我才恍然大悟。
　
★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
Really, someone had to teach me that he was fat. If you have never practiced critical thinking, then you simply see what you're told to see. The biggest question also people ask me is: "Why is there no revolution inside North Korea? Are we dumb? Why is there no revolution for 70 years of this oppression?" And I say: If you don't know you're a slave, if you don't know you're isolated or oppressed, how do you fight to be free? I mean, if you know you're isolated, that means you are not isolated. Not knowing is the true definition of isolation, and that's why I never knew I was isolated when I was in North Korea. I literally thought I was in the center of the universe.
　
18. critical thinking 批判性思考
19. revolution 革命
20. dumb 愚蠢的*
21. oppression 壓迫；壓制；欺壓
22. isolated and oppressed 與世隔絕的與被壓迫的
　
真的，要有人教我，他這樣叫做胖。如果你沒學過批判性思考，你看到的就只會是別人跟你說的。其他人對我提出的大哉問還有：「為何北韓沒有革命？我們傻嗎？為何歷經７０年的壓迫，卻沒人發動革命？」我回答：「如果你不知道自己是奴隸，不知道自己被與世隔絕、壓迫，你要如何為自由而戰？我的意思是，如果你知道自己被與世隔絕，那就表示你並非真的與世隔絕。與世隔絕的真正定義是無知，所以我從不知道，在北韓的我與世隔絕。我真的以為我們是宇宙的中心。

*dumb: https://bit.ly/3fG5XOk
　
★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
So here is my idea worth spreading: a lot of people think humans inherently know what is right and wrong, the difference between justice and injustice, what we deserve and we don't deserve. I tell them: BS. Everything, everything must be taught, including compassion. If I see someone dying on the street right now, I will do anything to save that person. But when I was in North Korea, I saw people dying and dead on the streets. I felt nothing. Not because I'm a psychopath, but because I never learned the concept of compassion. Only, I felt compassion, empathy and sympathy in my heart after I learned the word "compassion" and the concept, and I feel them now.
　
23. inherently 與生俱來地
24. justice and injustice 正義與不義
25. psychopath 精神病患者
26. compassion, empathy and sympathy 憐憫、同理與同情*
　
我覺得值得分享的想法是：很多人以為，人類生來就能分辨是非對錯，懂得正義與邪惡的差別，我們值得被怎樣對待。我跟他們說：放屁。所有的事，所有的事都得經過教導，包含憐憫。如果我現在看見有人在路邊奄奄一息，我會不顧一切來救他。但我在北韓的時候，會眼睜睜看著有人橫死街頭，卻沒有任何感覺。並非因為我是心理病態，而是我從未學過憐憫的概念。只有在我的內心感受到憐憫、同理與同情，我才學會「憐憫」一詞與其概念，而如今我已能感受到這些。
　
*compassion: a strong feeling of sympathy and sadness for the suffering or bad luck of others and a wish to help them

empathy: the ability to share someone else's feelings or experiences by imagining what it would be like to be in that person's situation

sympathy: (an expression of) understanding and care for someone else's suffering
　
★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
Now I live in the United States as a free person.
　
現在我以自由人的身分住在美國。
　
★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
And recently, the leader of the free country, our President Trump, met with my former god. And he decided human rights is not important enough to include in his agendas, and he did not talk about it. And it scares me. We live in a world right now where a dictator can be praised for executing his uncle, for killing his half brother, killing thousands of North Koreans. And that was worthy of praise. And also it made me think: perhaps we all need to be taught something new about freedom now. Freedom is fragile. I don't want to alarm you, but it is. It only took three generations to make North Korea into George Orwell's "1984." It took only three generations. If we don't fight for human rights for the people who are oppressed right now who don't have a voice, as free people here, who will fight for us when we are not free? Machines? Animals? I don't know.
　
27. agenda 議程
28. be praised for 因⋯⋯獲得讚揚
29. execute (v.) 處決
30. worthy of sth 適合某物或具有某物的特徵
31. fragile 脆弱
　
最近，自由國度的領袖，我們的川普總統，和我以前的神會面。他認定，人權沒那麼重要，不需排進議程中，所以對此他隻字不提。這嚇壞我了。我們竟身在一個獨裁者處決伯父還能獲得讚揚的世界裡，他殺害同父異母的哥哥、殺害成千上萬的北韓人民，竟還能得到讚揚。這不禁使我開始思考，也許我們現在都要學習自由的新涵義。自由很脆弱。我不想嚇你，但事實如此。短短三個世代，就讓北韓淪為喬治．歐威爾筆下的《１９８４》。只花了三個世代。如果我們不為人權而戰，不為受壓迫、不為無法發聲的人而戰，當身為自由人的我們不自由時，誰還願意為我們而戰？機器嗎？動物嗎？我不知道。
　
★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
I think it's wonderful that we care about climate change, animal rights, gender equality, all of these things. The fact that we care about animals' rights, that means that's how beautiful our heart is, that we care about someone who cannot speak for themselves. And North Koreans right now cannot speak for themselves. They don't have internet in the 21st century. We don't have electricity, and it is the darkest place on earth right now. Now I want to say something to my fellow North Koreans who are living in that darkness. They might not believe this, but I want to tell them that an alternative life is possible. Be free.
　
32. speak for oneself 為某人發聲
33. alternative life 另一種生活
　
我覺得我們能關心氣候變遷、動物權益、性別平等諸如此類之事，真的很美好。因為，我們關心動物權益，就代表了我們的心地有多善良，也代表我們關心無法為自己發聲的對象。北韓人民現在無法為自己發聲。身處２１世紀的他們，沒有網路可用。我們沒有電，那裡是當今地球上最暗的地方。現在我想告訴那些生活在北韓黑暗中的同胞。也許他們不會相信我，但我想告訴他們，生命仍有其他可能——意即自由的生活。
　
★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
From my experience, literally anything is possible. I was bought, I was sold as a slave. But now I'm here, and that is why I believe in miracles. The one thing that I learned from history is that nothing is forever in this world. And that is why we have every reason to be hopeful. Thank you.
　
34. slave 奴隸
35. miracle 奇蹟
　
就我的經驗，真的什麼事都有可能發生。我被人買走，賣給別人當奴隸。但我現在在這裡，這也就是為什麼我相信奇蹟。我從歷史上學到的一件事，就是世上沒有什麼是永恆的。而這也是我們無論如何都能懷有希望的原因。謝謝大家。
　
資訊出處：https://bit.ly/32p5HiK
　
圖片出處：https://bit.ly/32n2zEe
　
★★★★★★★★★★★★
　
如何增進同理心：https://bit.ly/34qSKnC
　
#ChangingPerspectives
#翻轉視界

★★★★★★★★★★★★

翻轉視界系列文章: https://bit.ly/3fPvKUs

《玳瑚師父的看見（二）》(English version below)
THE SIGHTINGS OF MASTER DAI HU 2

吾，玳瑚師父的看見，嚴格上來講，不單指，當年八方雲遊渡眾生的那一段歲月而已，而是到將來吾返回太虛前的種種看見。因此，這應該會是世間上，最長的「劇本」。（一笑）其實啊！吾撰寫「玳瑚師父的看見」，不是向全世界宣示，吾的那麽一點能力，主旨是告訴眾生，我們一生的成敗榮枯，跟我們的起心動念，有著不可分隔的因果。撰寫這文章，慈悲喜捨於眾生的同時，也警惕自己一定要常在禪定中，不要一失足成千古恨。恨是恨自己，沒有全力以赴的修行。

吾的其中一位門生，介紹她的一位女同事，來詢問吾的專業服務。這位女有情已婚，是位在職的女性，先生是高薪職員，她他倆育有一千金。她及她的千金名字，是由吾應她之請求，重新撰於她母女倆，出類拔萃的吉祥良名。後來我們較熟絡了，她就向吾透露些心事，吾也就傾耳聆聽，並給於她吾真心的慰籍與慧見。事情是這樣的，她的先生到了晚上，某個特定的時間，總是要出門。說實在的，結了婚有妻有女的男人，三更半夜一直往外開溜，在情在理真的較難說得過去啊！紙果然保不住火。原來是跑到別的女人的溫柔鄉也。

吾見她並無下堂求去的執意，就問她信不信風水，她回曰她信，她先生就不怎麼信。她其實也有意思，請吾到其位於黃金地帶的寓所，勘察勘察，看看到底是DNA出錯（一笑），還是陽宅出了差錯。立在她家門口，「還未亮劍」之時，她家裡頭的「不速之客」，即不善之靈，已早準備給吾一點顏色瞧瞧。真感恩傳承偉大，傳承大加持啊！要不然，恐怕吾將會有一段時日，無法服務眾生。在客廳中，吾一眼就得到答案，爲何已擁有美麗性感嬌妻的男人，三更半夜還跑到別的女人的溫柔鄉，且已到了無法自拔的地步。

吾，玳瑚師父，在此奉勸大家：勿將來歷不明的物品，帶回家擺放。在這婦人的客廳，吾看見有「靈氣」的木雕櫥櫃、含情脈脈的女子畫像、裸體打火機，等等。重點就在女子畫像及印有裸體的打火機。難怪吾在門口時，已覺察到屋內的邪氣。這屋子的男主人，淫念大動而迎來更多的邪氣，慾火焚身以外，更犯了淫戒，即邪淫也。據吾所知，犯邪淫不及時懺悔還淨者，死後會進入傍生（禽獸門），轉世成飛禽走獸，如：鳥、雞、豬、狗等等。五百劫後出生爲下等人，如：妓女、婢女、賤命之人等等。邪淫所生子女，也較容易沖犯。至於那些畫淫畫的人，未離世福田已削盡，死後或入蛆糞地獄，身臭無比，肚餓食蛆蟲，皮破血流、肚脹蛆出、全身腐爛而死。正心正念太重要了。

.....................

Strictly speaking, my sightings are not just from my past years of travelling in eight directions delivering sentient beings. It also encompasses what I see in the future before I return to the Ultimate Void. Thus, this should be the world's longest script! (laughs) Actually, I wrote this "The Sightings of Master Dai Hu" not to declare to the world that I have this little power. The main objective is to tell sentient beings that the rise and fall in our fortunes are karmically inseparable with our every thought and intention. When I wrote this article, it is out of compassion to benefit all sentient beings, as well as to remind myself to be always in a meditative state, and not take a wrong step only to end in eternal regret. Regret that I did not give my best effort in my spiritual cultivation.

One of my disciples recommended her colleague to engage my professional services. This lady colleague of hers was a working married woman. Her husband was a high-salaried employee. They had a daughter. I acceded to her request to give new outstanding and auspicious Chinese names for herself and her daughter. As we got to know each other better, she confided some of her worries in me. I lent her my listening ear, and provided her with my genuine consolation and wisdom.

This was what happened. She told me that her husband always left the house at a certain timing in the night. Frankly speaking, it is inappropriate for a married man with a daughter to always slip out of the house in the middle of the night. No matter what, it was indeed hard to justify such behaviour! Alas, paper cannot wrap up fire. The truth was the husband sought comfort in the tender arms of another woman.

I saw that she did not want to give up on her marriage, hence I asked if she believed in Feng Shui. She said yes, but not her husband. She actually had the intention to invite me to audit the Feng Shui of a residence in a high-valued area. She wished to know if there was something wrong with the DNA (haha!) or the Feng Shui of her house.

As I stood at the entrance of her house, before I could pull out my "treasured sword", the "unwanted guests" in her house, a.k.a. evil spirits, had long prepared to show me their displeasure. I am truly grateful to the great linage empowerment of my noble Root Guru! If not, I would be out of service for quite some time. In the living room, I immediately saw the answer why a man with a beautiful and sexy wife would go out late at night to seek comfort in another woman's arms, and the situation had became Inextricable.

Master Dai Hu wishes to advise everyone: Do not bring any object of unknown origin home. In this lady's house, I saw a wooden wardrobe with active energies, drawings of coy female figures, a lighter with a nude lady, etc. The items of significance were the drawing of women and the lighter with the nude figurine. It was no wonder I sensed an air of negative energies when I was at the door. The man of this house allowed his lust to grow, attracting more negative and evil energies. The fire of lust consumed him, and he broke the precept and committed sexual misconduct.

From what I know, a person who commits sexual misconduct and does not repent for it to resume his/her purity in time will be reborn into the realm of animals, like birds, chickens, pigs, dogs, etc, for the next 500 rebirths. After which, he or she will return to the human realm as a person of lowly status, such as a prostitute, a maid, a wretched person etc. Children borne out of sexual misconduct are more prone to vile energy clashes. As for those who produce books with sexual contents, their merits would have already been slashed even before their death, and upon dying, they may enter Hell and suffer the fate of foul-smelling body, with only maggots to eat when hungry, have broken and bleeding skins, bloating stomach bursting with maggots, and finally dying from a fully rotten body. Having the Right Intention and Right Thought is indeed extremely important.

**************************

【開放預購】PRE_ORDER OPEN
《向善向上 2》Towards Kindness, Towards Betterment 2

30則真人真事的度眾故事 30 real-life deliverance stories of Master Dai Hu
全彩色的漫畫 Full colour illustration
中英文翻譯 In both English & Mandarin
約200頁 About 200 pages

此書將於2018年11月底抵達新加坡，目前開放預購，預計11月30日之前以Smartpac寄出 （本地郵寄），屆時也會在台灣金石堂書局同步上架。價格大眾化，包涵全球運送，無需再付郵資。

歡迎大家踴躍支持，人手一冊，也可將此書贈送給鄉親父老、親朋好友，帶領他們向善向上，迎接更美好的未來！

https://booklaunch.io/masterdaihu/towardskindness2
.

This book will reach the shores of Singapore in end-November 2018. Right now, the pre-order is open and the books are estimated to be mailed out through Smartpac, by 30 November. At the same time, it will be on the shelves of Taiwan KingStone bookshop.
The economical price includes global delivery (Smartpac mailing for Singapore addressees, registered mail for overseas mailing).

https://booklaunch.io/masterdaihu/towardskindness2

【關於相似字、同類字－－以「烤」為例】#翻譯工作心得
最近正在翻譯一本飲食相關的書，書中出現許多有關「烤」的動詞，主要出現的有：bake、toast、roast、grill和broil。這些字都不會太難，但是究竟有何差別呢？每個字會存在，必定是與其他詞彙有相異點。這篇就來帶大家認識這五個動詞，並談談翻譯時所使用的策略。
要正確認識相似字，除了查字典外（而且一定要是英英字典），個人還會利用「語料庫」。語料庫簡單來說，就是一種蒐集某一語言的資料，有點類似語言的搜尋引擎，只要輸入某一字詞，就會出現該字曾經使用於某些文本中的真實語境。這些文本通常是具有權威性的報章雜誌期刊，像是紐約時報。透過語料庫的搜尋結果，可以知道某個字通常是怎麼使用在現實生活中的。

首先，讓我們來看看這五個動詞在著名的韋氏英英字典中個別的意思（例句取自奇摩字典）：
bake - to make (food, such as bread and cake) by preparing a dough, batter, etc., and cooking it in an oven using dry heat
EX: We bake bread and cake in an oven.
toast - to make (as bread) crisp, hot, and brown by heat
EX: She toasted bread for breakfast.
roast - to cook (food such as chicken, potatoes, or beef) with dry heat in an oven or over a fire
EX: He roasted a chicken for dinner.
grill - to cook (food) on a metal frame over fire
EX: Grill the burgers for eight minutes each side.
broil - to cook by direct exposure to radiant heat
EX: They broiled a turkey over charcoal.

接著，試著用知名語料庫COCA (Corpus of Contemporary American English) 搜尋這些動詞，並各舉出搜尋結果的三個例子：
bake -
1. Grate fresh ginger (dried may not be as potent) into stir-fries or even bake it into cookies.
2. Defrost ­frozen spinach in a casserole dish, top with shredded Parmesan, and bake at 350 degrees until the top is golden brown.
3. Bake peppers until breadcrumbs are golden, about 10 minutes.
toast -
1. Brush ­baguette slices on both sides with­ olive oil; toast bread until golden, then flip and repeat.
2. Toast the bread until golden.
3. HEAT oil in small nonstick skillet over medium heat. Add mustard seeds, curry powder, and cumin. Toast, stirring, until fragrant, about 2 minutes.
roast -
1. Roast peppers directly under broiler or over an open flame, turning frequently until blistered and blackened on all sides, 6 to 8 minutes.
2. Roast until bacon is crisp, 15 to 20 minutes, stirring halfway through to break up any clumps.
3. Roast chicken until skin is golden brown and an instant-read thermometer reaches 167F when inserted into thickest part of thigh, 50 to 60 minutes.
grill -
1. Brush one side of each pizza with 1 tablespoon olive oil, season with salt and pepper, and grill with oiled side facedown on grates for 9 minutes.
2. That's why I grill lamb, usually a butterflied leg.
3. Grill or broil the meat 6 to 7 minutes, and then freeze the cooked beef for 5 minutes so you can slice it thinly with ease.
broil -
1. Arrange the sliced meat on a baking sheet, top with the vegetables, and add a few thin shavings of Gruyere cheese on top. Broil 1 minute.
2. Season fish with salt and pepper. Arrange in single layer on sheet pan lined with nonstick foil. Broil until cooked through, about 6 minutes.
3. Slice zucchini lengthwise into 1/8 " -to 1/4 " -thick slices with mandoline or sharp knife. Working in batches, arrange slices in single layer on prepared pans and coat tops with spray. Broil 6 " from heat until golden, 5 minutes.

最後，參考「母語人士」的說法，也是很可靠的。以下說法來自某位網友，當然，這只是其中一個我找到的：
bake - In the case of cakes or casseroles the food fills the pan so that you get even cooking but the food does not dry out. Also used as a general term for cooking almost anything in the oven.
toast - Generally the heat is both top and bottom (or side to side in a toaster) and it is a dry cooking method with a food that has little moisture, bread for example.
roast - Higher temperature with the intent to caramelize the outer portion of the food to bring out flavor. An example of this would be roasting a piece of meat, or vegetables. The pan is large enough to allow heat to reach most sides of the food that is being cooked.
grill - The heat comes from the bottom to cook the food.
broil - The heat comes from the top to cook the food.

綜合以上，可以發現這五個動詞在「處理食材」、「烹調時間」、「使用器具」等面向差異甚大，歸納如下：
bake - 食材通常是麵糰，用來烤麵包、糕點、餅乾等，但也可以指魚肉、燉菜、馬鈴薯等多種食物；烹調時間長；使用器具為烤箱。
toast - 食材通常是水份極少的麵包（如法國長棍麵包、吐司）；烹調時間通常較短；使用器具基本上為烤麵包機；此外，這個動詞最終目的是將食材烤至金黃、酥脆。
roast - 食材通常是雞、豬、牛等，以一大塊肉或整隻動物的形式，也可指馬鈴薯、花生、栗子、咖啡豆、堅果類包覆在鋁箔中；烹調時間較長、溫度較高；使用器具為烤箱或炭火；若指肉類，最終目的是將食材烤至金黃、酥脆。
grill - 食材不拘；烹調時間較broil長；使用器具為烤箱或烤架，尤其是指放於鐵網上烤；熱源來自下方。
broil - 食材不拘；烹調時間很短；使用器具為烤箱，需先預熱；熱源來自上方，溫度極高，十分接近食材，以快速烤熟食物為目的，烤箱門通常打開來烤。

就算了解這些動詞的差別，中文不都是「烤」嗎？那麼譯者該如何處理呢？
我的想法是：若上下文已經點出「處理食材」、「烹調時間」、「使用器具」等區別這些動詞的面向，使讀者一看前後文就知道這道食譜要用哪一種方式烤，這個時候可以直接翻成「烤」就好，多加解釋反而累贅。
另外，可在「烤」字前面加上輔助字，描述烤的方式。例如：bake譯成「烘烤」、roast為「火烤」、grill為「燒烤」、broil為「炙烤」等。
如果以上兩種方式都不適用，且非得確實點明烤的方式、否則影響文意時，再多做解釋、區分差異。

各位大家好，歡迎來到HenHenTV的奇異世界，我是Tommy
離上次的六個童謠背後的恐怖故事之後，已經經過了兩年了，今天我就帶給大家六個童謠背後的黑暗故事，算是這個黑暗童謠的第二集。
童謠，朗朗上口的輕快的節奏，陪伴了我們的童年，以前只是記得哼那些童謠的旋律，但是卻不知道裡面的歌詞是什麼意思，大家知道什麼叫du du it de da di du, 你們沒有玩過？就是那種大家圍著把腳伸出來，然後就點到誰，誰就做鬼。有點像英國的black shoe game
其實正式它這首歌是： whose shoe is a dirty shoe.好像完全不同的讀音哦～～
那麼今天我們就來講一些童謠背後的黑歷史。
先知道，東方國家和西方國家的想法完全不同，西方國家會將一些時事，或是一些轟動一時的案件，再用這些朗朗上口的詞配搭一些簡單的旋律，用這些童謠來傳達，或是諷刺當時的君主，或是一些名人等等。
第一首，Lucy Locket，露西的錢袋
Lucy Locket lost her pocket,
Kitty Fisher found it;
Not a penny was there in it,
Only ribbon round it.
Lucy locket 不見了她的錢袋，被Kitty fisher找到了，但是錢袋裡面沒有錢，只有ribbon綁在上面。
看起來詞沒有什麼問題啊～～但是究竟Kitty fisher和Locy locket是誰呢？
其實Kitty fisher是在18世紀當時非常出名的妓女，她揮霍無度，而Lucy locket 也是妓女，或者是講交際花，所以很多男士就成為了她的錢袋，所以她的錢袋裡面沒有錢就是暗指很多男士資助她的生活。
Only ribbon round it這裡其實是暗指Lucy Locket是一名妓女，
由於當時的妓女有把錢袋藏在群下面，為了安全，他們會用ribbon把錢袋綁在大腿上。
用Kitty Fisher來撿到她的錢袋，也是暗指Lucy Locket也是妓女。
原來我們唱了那麼多年的童謠，講的竟然是妓女。
第二首： Mary Mary quite Contrary 瑪麗小姐真倔強
Mary, Mary, quite contrary,
How does your garden grow?
With silver bells, and cockle shells,
And pretty maids all in a row.
原版的是這樣的
Mary, oh Mary, so quite contrary,
How does your garden grow?
These silver bells and cockle shells
And pretty men all in our room,
When you see contrary Mary,
Told hereye, refuse to terry.
We spoke very soft and slow
Without your pretty men,
Mary, Standing in a row.
Mary, Mary, Mary, Mary.


這麼簡單好聽的歌曲，後面竟然有那麼黑暗的歷史。
大家如果記得我在以前的影片有說過Bloody Mary，當時有兩個歷史傳聞，一個說伯爵夫人，另外一個就是瑪麗皇后，她迫害和折磨了很多新教徒，所以有血腥瑪麗的稱號。
這是所說的院子是影射充滿屍體的墳地，那什麼是silver bells and cockle shellls呢？其實這兩種都是折磨人的刑具，銀鐘是夾手指的而Cockle Shells是暗指這個刑具，叫Choke Pear，這個東西是插進你的口，或是你的菊花等等，然後菊花開。。。滿地傷。。。
想到都痛哦哦。。。
第三首：Goosey Goosey Gander， 鵝鵝鵝
Goosey goosey gander,
Whither shall I wander?
Upstairs and downstairs
And in my lady’s chamber.
There I met an old man
Who wouldn’t say his prayers,
So I took him by his left leg
And threw him down the stair

這裡你們有看到這個童謠最後四句是說：我找到一個老人，他不會讀他的禱告文，所以我拿起他的左腳，把他扔下樓。
這是其實是在中世紀政治逼害，天主教徒不能讀拉丁文的禱告文，就算在家裡也不行，那些鵝就是指當年宗教逼害的官員，他們上門來檢查，如果發現天主教徒在家禱告，他們就會抓了他們嚴刑逼供，這個的who wouldn’t say his prayers應該是這樣意思，還有為什麼是左腳呢？原來以前的刑罰就是將繩子綁在他們的左腳上，然後扔下樓，重複直到他們死為止。
你還要給你女兒唱這首歌嗎？
第四首，
Baa, baa, black sheep,
Have you any wool?
Yes, sir, yes, sir, Three bags full;
One for the master, And one for the dame,
And one for the little boy Who lives down the lane.
原版的最後一句是no no for the little boy who lives downs the lane.
這裡是指在當時英國對於羊毛施以重稅，當時的皇帝叫愛德華一世，就是在電影Braveheart裡面那個老人家，當時的戰爭令皇室財務陷入困境，而當時羊毛就是英國最大的收益，他就將羊毛獲利三分之一歸皇室，三分之一歸於貴族和教會，剩下的才留給農民，而黑色的羊毛則是暗指當時的黑暗時代。
第五首：Little Miss Muffet， 小馬費特小姐
Little miss Muffet she sat on her tuffet,
Eating her curds eating and whey
Along came a spider who sat down beside her
And frightened miss Muffet away
詞裡面就是說她吃著凝乳，然後一隻蜘蛛出現，嚇到她跑了。
其實這個是真人真事來的，以前有個醫生叫thomas Muffet湯姆馬費，他是英國的博物學家和醫生，他很喜歡研究蜘蛛，甚至拿自己的女兒來做研究，就是餵她吃蜘蛛。。。。令她從此非常懼怕蜘蛛，雖然我在網上找了很久，並沒有找到證據馬費醫生真的有餵她吃蜘蛛，不過給滿屋都是蜘蛛一定讓她也驚嚇不少吧！
第六首：Lady Bird， Lady Bird

Ladybird, ladybird fly away home,
Your house is on fire and your children are gone,
All except one, and her name is Ann,
And she hid under the baking pan.

這裡的lady bird是指瓢蟲，也是暗指母親，其實這是影射當年的獵殺女巫，很多女巫被活活的燒死，有時包括她和她的家人和兒子，在這裡最後一句有不同的版本，有的是Porridge pan，有個的Baking pan，Frying pan，都是一些燒的廚具，

原來這些童謠背後是那麼的黑暗。

在此謝謝我的朋友Chanty 幫我唱這些童謠，實在是大材小用了，她是一名創造歌手，會自己作詞寫曲，當中也有唱一些翻唱歌曲，大家記得去到她的Youtube頻道Chantaliamusic，聽聽她唱的歌曲，順便訂閱她的頻道哦！

有時不知道要怎樣去教小孩，究竟要給他們知道世界的黑暗，還是讓他們像白紙一樣純潔呢？有時讓他們了解世界的黑暗，他們才會知道所謂的灰色地帶，就好像每天給他們喝太乾淨的水，他們的身體哪裡可以抵抗細菌的入侵呢？教會他們，然後讓他們可以自行分辨對於錯，黑和白，我覺得這是更重要的。

好了！今天的影片就到這裡，在看回我以前的影片有所體會，以前的影片雖然沒有現在的綠屏，也沒有現在剪得那麼好，但是卻是我用心製作出來的，所以我提醒自己不要忘記當初為什麼開始Youtube頻道的，是因為喜歡和人分享這些奇奇怪怪的主題，或是一些我自己覺得好玩有趣的話題，我會更加的努力，做更好的影片給你們看！！

謝謝大家的支持，我們下個奇異世界見，Bye Bye。