關於 southern living home plans ，我們在網路上蒐集到這些相關的討論、資訊與評價

English version 「🇮🇸Budget to go Iceland🇮🇸」

In planning this Iceland road trip around I do not refer to other people's travels routes. So some attractions I might missed. Also, do not think Iceland will certainly see the aurora. We have 10 days there but only 2 days we have chance to see. One day is kp5, one day is kp1 Bale. There are also people who have not seen it in 10 days. In addition to the Aurora, Iceland is so beautiful of the landscape.

Day 1
Kuala Lumpur - Istanbul - London - Iceland
On October 24, 2017, we departed from Kuala Lumpur International Airport to Iceland because of the cheap airfare.
So we need to transfer to Istanbul from Istanbul.
Then transfer from London to Iceland.
Although it is a waste of time but save money, it does not matter!
From Kuala Lumpur to Iceland took a total of 24 hours.

Day 2
Arrived in London at 9:30 in the morning.
The flight time to Iceland is 12:55.
Worried about too many people waiting in line so we buy online Premium Passport Lane.
With that pass, we do not need to line up with the customs.
VIP Lane can go directly.
Feel like VIP!
From customs clearance to get baggage no more than 15 minutes.
Walk from South to North terminal, Icelandair in North.
About 3 hours flight from London to Iceland, the first thing to Iceland is to change the local currency.
After that we pick up the car and we have a 9-day car rental with Thrifty.
Last added unlimited wireless Internet access, 15 euros a day.
Car must buy full insurance, Iceland has too much sand accident, it is easy to scratch.
In order to save money, we rented a manual car.
Take the car directly to the nearby Bonus supermarket to buy some food for next few days.
We spent RM160.
After an hour and a half by car to our hostel.
This homestay is located in a remote downtown area.
We reached there about 7:30PM.
Quickly prepare dinner, friends shouted after dinner. Aurora!!!
Everyone ran out to see the aurora.
I did not expect so strong aurora, the naked eye directly saw.
Also lasted a few hours, due to too excited, forget the jet lag.
Can not sleep, 12 o'clock to sleep, 5 o'clock and got up and continue to see Aurora.
And the sky full of star, is the most beautiful night i have ever seen.

Day 3
Sleep for 2 hours and enjoyed bathtub outside the house.
Hot springs so comfortable!
The sky started to light up at about 8 o'clock.
Prepare our breakfast, then we started today's attractions.
We are taking the most basic Golden Circle attractions.
Geysir Fountain - Goldfoss Gold Falls --bingvellir National Park
We went to Geysir Fountain and Gullfoss Golden Waterfall
Geysir fountain is so special! Is the geothermal valley, water from the ground.
Gold Falls is spectacular, remember to bring a raincoat, or will be drenched.
As we live in the middle of these two attractions, we have lunch back home trip.
Then go to bingvellir National Park
This is UNESCO, a lot of scenery to see, if you like the wild scenery must come to this.
Feel the Soul Out Rip in the Rift Valley at Singgweler National Park.
From 10 am until 6 pm in the evening.
Dinner at home.
We do not spent any money today

Day 4
Slept early last night, so everyone got up early.
After breakfast will go to other place.
The sky was covered with rain clouds.
We left at 8:30PM and went to Keiro Crater.
Tickets are required here, one for 400 kroner.
After continuing to the east, on the way through the Volcano Experience Hall.
We do not know to buy tickets, the result we accidentally [free] into the museum to watch the video.
The beautiful Seljalandsfoss Falls pass on the way.
Very worth visiting ~
Come to today's highlight - D3 wreckage
This is the story I heard.
"It was a miracle that on November 24, 1973, a U.S. Navy aircraft (C-47 SkyTrain, also known as Dakota) was forced to land on Sólheimasandur's dark beach in southern Iceland and all crew members survived. It was said that due to the cost of repairs too It has been quietly staying in the corner of Iceland.
But since the plane's own metal lines matched the landscape of the Icelandic land, making it a must-see for many tourists, photographers visit the must-see places of Iceland and even plan their own exclusive routes, gradually becoming more lively. "
Iceland is really a place of praise like the explosion, any weather, she has become a landscape.
However, under the well-known, but also brought a lot of burden.
Last March, the owner of the area announced the closure of the road to the wreck because it could not afford to take any more damage.
Photographers and tourists love it, bring it to fame, but also brought loss. Although they are unintentional, this is an indisputable fact.
All along, everyone can only rely on GPS (google coordinates: 63.459523, -19.364618), go wild to find the location of the wreckage, strangers in unfamiliar places, drove a four-wheel drive (usually go to the wreckage need four-wheel drive) , Will inevitably cause some damage to the environment.
Now we all choose to park the car on the road around the island, 5 km on foot to see the wreckage.
Sometimes I have to admit that foreigners have a very strong sense of protection for the environment. In their eyes, people are the same as nature and need rest and love and need to get along well with each other.
If you give me a choice, I think I will still go in.
But it must be chosen in a sunny day rather than in a storm of wind that blows away people today.
To the last body, including underwear are soaked, the mood has also been destroyed, the next attractions do not want to go.
Just want to back to stay for a change.
Want to go to the wreckage, remember to choose the right weather, the wrong choice can make people very upset.
Tonight we will be staying in Kirkjubæjarklaustur, a beautiful little town that will allow us to travel to the eastern part of Iceland early tomorrow morning.

Day 5
As usual to prepare our own breakfast to go out today than usual out.
Because we want to drive 420 km, estimated 5 hours and a half drive.
Departure from the southern city of Kirkjubæjarklaustur to the eastern city of Reyðarfjörður.
We do not have any plans today.
What attractions stop, unexpectedly found the roadside unknown waterfall creek.
There will be glaciers along the way, so spectacular too!
The Glacier Lagoon will come again, but we will not go in the direction of the tourists.
We stopped in the car park 1 km before the entrance, and then climb down the mountain to Avoid crowded.
After that we continue our road trip to east.
Then you must not miss the fjord view to the east.
We all drive the car on the left side of the mountain, on the right is the Atlantic Coastal Road.
Fjord scenery super beautiful, super magnificent.
However, it should be noted that the wind in Iceland is very strong, and several times our car was displaced by strong winds.
It's hard to drive when the weather is not good, after all, there is no fence around the road.
Minute wind will blow the car down the Atlantic.
The most dangerous place than the 95 road.
Well, I carefully driving carefully to bring everyone to the east.
Reyðarfjörður is a small city.
In fact, choose to live here is not because of what attractions.
Instead, it is here as a rest stop before we heading to the north tomorrow.
Tomorrow will continue to open 297 kilometers about 3 hours and we already on half away.

Day 6
From the east to the north, 240 km and about 3 and a half hours away.
Iceland is a very interesting place, yesterday we saw the magnificent fjord style.
Today we cross a few snow-capped mountains actually came to Iceland's famous volcanic area.
Kaffle Volcano is Iceland's most active volcano.
We drive along the road so there is no attraction recommended, nor go to the waterfall of Iceland God Goðafoss.
Because we worry of road in the mountains, our 2WD car will be more difficult to drive.
We are moving along the Lake District.
Finally, we go to a small number of tourists, not commercial Mývatn Hot Springs.
Mývatn water quality is good, after all, not many people the most important price is half cheaper than the Blue Lake.
The most exciting things is from the toilet to the spa although there’s a short distance.
Super cold! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
After that we will continue to Akureyri, the second largest city in Iceland.
After a few days of running around, we will stay here for 2 days as a resting place.

Day 7
If longer holidays, I will arrange a half-day trip in the middle of the trip.
After a few days of long run, we still stay in Akureyri today.
And we do not have any plan, we wake up to sleep naturally.
Go to the local supermarket stroll, explore the price, buy ingredients.
Walk around Akureyri Botanical Garden, the famous local church.
Then decide to go to an unknown tourist spot.
We decided to go to Dalvik.
Since this is not Route 1, we drive Route 82, so the road is not that good.
But the beautiful scenery along the way is so beautiful.
Lake, sea, snow-capped mountains.
And the mirror-like lake reflected the shadow of snow-capped mountains on the water.
Nobody walked by the road as we sat in the middle of the road taking pictures.
Alpine waterfall directly down the sea to the scenery now feel unforgettable.
Due to the lack of itinerary, we will be staying in only 3 hours outside.
Today is easy and casual.
Charge good tomorrow continue to move north and west.
To stay in a farmhouse.

Day 8
Today's trip is easy, so we sleep later.
We are staying in a farm in the north today.
We also deliberately avoided the well-traveled Route 1 and headed for the cliff coastline.
The scenery along the way is so beautiful.
However, since the farm was not far away, we returned to the farm very early.
After lunch, we sneak into the farm and play with the cute Icelandic horse.
As the weather is too cold, we have been in the bed and breakfast where to go.

Day 9
Today it is necessary to drive back from the north to our last city, Reykjavik
On the way we turned into the Sea Lion Museum, in order to see wild sea lions.
We drove the car into Route 74.
Along the road are stone road, hard to open ah!
Finally, unfortunately did not meet wild sea lions.
But I saw the road map seems to be through the Snæfellsnes
So we decided to drive into the Sinai Peninsula, then do not take the 1st.
In order to reach the Sinai Peninsula more quickly, we choose to drive the car into the Route 59, the whole road is sand stone.
And no white lines, only allow a car to drive.
I drove the car into fearlessly.
The rolling hills are on our left hand side and the right hand side is the sea.
There’s no signal along the road.
There are not many people living along the road.
Up and down the ramp absolutely can not see the opposite of the car, there are also on the slope to a big turn immediately.
I accidentally put the car into the sea, I was serious.
As we went to the Snæfellsnes to see Kirkjufell, so we travel longer.
Because it’s too late. So that we rushed back to Reykjavik and failed to stop taking pictures.
After all, the sky quickly darkened.
Today is our last accommodation in Iceland and we have to enjoy tonight.
In order to save money, plus the flight at 6 o'clock in the morning, tomorrow will overnight at the airport.

Day 10
Today is our last day, we wake up naturally.
Due to the car parked in Reykjavik parking.
We need pay parking hourly.
First we went to visit Reykjavik Cathedral.
Nice church, and Akureyri's church is the same designer!
As there are still a lot of public funds, we decided to take to eat Buffet.
Iceland has a great value Buffet.
This restaurant is located in the city center, restaurant reykjavik.
There are pickled fish, shrimp, desserts have.
And a talent 2250 kroner.
We had eaten for nearly two hours before we came out because we had booked Blue Lake in the morning.
We have to arrive at the time of booking.
Too early to go out too cold, very uncomfortable.
After finally soak to the legendary Blue Lake it!
A lot of guests here, more business, water quality is relatively clean, but more water meters rice mineral.
As the plane is 8 am tomorrow, I specifically do not arrange accommodation.
Want to say we can drive to chase aurora, how to know a large cloud of sky, plus the outside of the cold.
We did not want to go out at all, so return the car early.
Waiting to the airport ~
In Iceland, our spending is really not much!
If you are willing to cook their own meals, we are absolutely able to afford the consumption of Iceland Oh!

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About transportation
I'm booking with Thifty
www.rentalcars.com

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About accommodation
If you have not registered Airbnb, then you can click on the link I gave.
Because you can get RM105 discount Oh!
Click on the following web page to register
https \: //abnb.me/e/Cp1WcwtYSH

Day 1 + 2 Laugarvatn's Cabin Accommodations RM1550
Location is located in the Golden Circle, to see the Golden Falls and the National Park are very convenient
The most important if the weather is good, you can see the Aurora outside
Finnish bath outside the house can be while watching the Aurora bath
A room, a bathroom kitchen, can accommodate up to 5 people, the house is relatively small
https \: //www.airbnb.com.tw/rooms/4821490? s = 51

Day 3 Kirkjubæjarklaustur Small House RM875
It is also a detached house, with 1 bedroom, 1 living room, kitchen and bathroom
Comfortable and quiet environment, can accommodate 4 people, spacious house
https://www.airbnb.com.tw/rooms/12113836?s=51

Day 4 Reyðarfjörður ultra cozy Nordic small room RM570
The owner lives downstairs and our suite is on the second floor.
There is kitchen, living room, room and bathroom.
Warm environment, the owner friendly, can accommodate 4 people, the house spacious
https://www.airbnb.com.tw/rooms/9488392?s=51

Day 5 + 6 RM930
The house is clean and tidy, the room and the kitchen are separated.
Can accommodate 4 people
https://www.airbnb.com.tw/rooms/5870156?s=51

Day 7 RM450
Live in the pasture, experience ranch life, hot springs can bubble.
Shared kitchen and shared bathroom.
https://www.airbnb.com.tw/rooms/13055866?s=51

Day 8 RM680
Agoda booking for Central Guesthouse
Super good location, easy to find.

Day 9
Sleeping airport, early morning return to London

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About spending
Round trip ticket Kuala Lumpur - London RM2100 / person Turkish Airlines
Round trip ticket Iceland - London RM900 / person Icelandic Airlines
Car rental 9 days RM2900 = 725 / person
Wi-Fi machine 9 days RM680 = 170 / person
8 days stay RM1265 / person
BlueLagoon RM400 / person
Keira crater tickets 400 kr = RM16 / person
Rice Lake Tickets 4300 Crowns = RM170 (person)
RM5746

The daily living expenses (in Iceland krona, all multiplied by 0.0395, for 4 people)
Day 1-0
Day 2 - daily necessities + ingredients 4000
Day 3-0
Day 4 - oil 4500, 2200 ingredients
Day 5 - Oil 6105
Day 6 - Ingredients 239
Day 7 - ingredients 2200
Day 8- Fighting 6404
Day 9 - ingredients 1200, 1000 tolls
Day 10 - Oil 8463, buffet 9000

CZK 45311 x 0.0395 = RM1790
Except 4 people = RM448

Total cost RM6191

PS: The above is the basic spending, does not include shopping buy souvenir.

Photo shooting: Northern Lights Canon G7X, all other photos shot by Note 8.

【臭氧的新威脅猶勝PM2.5
Move Over, PM2.5; Ozone is the New Black】

(myhealthbeijing.com, Jul. 21, 2015) —by Richard Saint Cyr MD

Just when I was getting hopeful about the dramatic improvement this year in Beijing’s PM2.5 levels, along comes a summer deluge of local press coverage about what they’re claiming is air pollution’s number two threat: ground-level ozone. Recent press reports and a campaign by the China National Environmental Monitoring Center have highlighted the fact that on some hot, sunny days this summer, the worst pollutant has been ozone and not the usual PM2.5. But is ozone really as much a threat to our health as the well-documented PM2.5? And if so, do our usual masks and indoor air purifiers help in any way?
就在我才對北京今年上半年的細懸浮微粒污染物(PM2.5)的污染指數有顯著改善此剛剛懷有希望的同時，就讀到一波接連其後的媒體報導提及的空氣中主要威脅的第二順位——也就是地表臭氧。（備註：地表臭氧的污染主要是來自於汽車廢氣裡的氧化物、工廠廢氣以及含有化學物質的煙霧與陽光進行的化學反應。）最近的媒體報導和中國國家環境監測中心所做的調查都明確地指出，這個夏天裡一些炎熱且陽光照射強的日子裡，指數最高的污染物往往是臭氧，而不是平常的PM2.5。不過，臭氧真的會比已被充分研究過的PM2.5更會對人體健康產生危害嗎？如果是的話，我們平時戴的口罩和室內的空氣濾清器會有任何防護的作用嗎？

Most of us know ozone when discussing global warming, as the thinning ozone layer in our upper atmosphere protects us here on the ground. But at ground level, ozone is quite destructive to our lungs, causing both immediate and long-term harm as well as increased death rates. Ozone levels are always highest during sunny summer afternoons, as the sun’s ultraviolet light creates ozone from airborne chemicals, especially from vehicle exhaust — most notoriously from old diesel trucks spewing out their toxic cocktail of fumes. The World Health Organization’s Air Quality Guidelines from 2005 recommend safest ozone levels under 100 ug/m3 (using 8-hour exposure limits), while over 160 ug/ m3 would be considered unhealthy for vulnerable people such as children and people with lung disease, and over 240 ug/ m3 especially unhealthy to all people. China’s MEP guidelines follow the WHO’s interim target of 160 ug/ m3, while the US EPA’s AQI “green zone” is under 120 ug/ m3. During this week’s heat wave in Beijing, afternoon ozone regularly peaked over all three thresholds, commonly over 200 ug/ m3 and peaking at 299 ug/ m3. The Los Angeles area, most polluted in the USA, still regularly has ozone days over 200 ug/ m3 but is far better than a few decades ago when levels frequently hit over 400 ug/ m3. So while ozone levels in Beijing aren’t comparatively as high as PM2.5 is, certainly they are frequently at levels that would be considered unhealthy.
我們當中大部分人都通過關於全球暖化的討論而對臭氧有所了解。正是由於位於高大氣層中日漸稀薄的臭氧層，我們才免於太陽紫外線輻射的危害。但是在地表附近，臭氧對我們的肺十分具有破壞性，它不僅會導致短期與長期的危害，還會提高死亡率。臭氧的濃度總是在夏天陽光充足的下午達到最高值，因為此時太陽釋放出的紫外線與空氣中的化學物質—特別是那些臭名遠播的舊式柴油卡車所排放的毒氣—產生的反應最活躍。世界衛生組織在2005年公布的空氣品質參考指數中，所建議的安全臭氧濃度應為每立方公尺低於100微克（以暴露在污染環境下8小時為極限）。若臭氧濃度高於每立方公尺160微克，則會對身體健康較為虛弱的小孩和肺病患者產生不良影響。若臭氧濃度高於每立方公尺240微克，則會對所有人都產生危害。中國環境保護局的參考指數是依循了世界衛生組織每立方公尺160微克的暫定目標，而美國環境保護署的空氣品質指數將安全的「綠色區域」定為在每立方公尺120微克以下。北京7月中旬的熱浪中，下午的臭氧濃度經常突破以上所述的三個門檻—一般都在每立方公尺200微克以上，最高達到每立方公尺299微克。在美國的洛杉磯—長期以來作為美國臭氧污染最嚴重的城市—經常有臭氧濃度超過每立方公尺200微克的日子，但已經比幾十年前經常超過每立方公尺400微克的臭氧濃度好得多。所以說，北京的臭氧濃度雖然相比之下沒有PM2.5濃度危險（2014年北京PM2.5濃度的平均值是每立方公尺86微克，比洛杉磯的每立方公尺18微克高很多），但是經常處於不健康的範圍內。

In terms of symptoms, ozone seems to cause much more immediate effects than PM2.5 does. You may have noticed while outside during this hot summer that your eyes sting, your head pounds, your throat burns, you cough and feel a bit short of breath. I’ve certainly had such symptoms this summer during some of my bike rides to my clinic, especially returning home early evening, which is usually when ozone peaks. I’m fortunate that I haven’t had more serious symptoms such as severe asthma flares, but I definitely worry about children’s exposure to ozone, especially those with asthma who live near busy roads in sunny places. Healthy children are also at risk; one sobering study in 2002 followed a group of healthy students around smoggy southern California, and those who spent the most hours outside playing sports had a three-fold increased risk of developing asthma from ozone exposure, compared to those who mostly stayed indoors.
就可能引發的症狀來說，臭氧似乎比PM2.5更快會造成不適的身體反應。當你在炎炎夏日裡外出時，可能會發現眼睛刺痛、頭會抽痛、喉嚨燥熱，你會咳嗽並感覺有點喘不過氣。就我個人而言，我在騎車去診所的路上有時確實為這些症狀所困擾，尤其是在傍晚的下班臭氧分布濃度高峰期間。幸運的是，我還沒有出現像是氣喘發作那樣更嚴重的症狀，不過我的確十分擔心臭氧對兒童的影響，特別是那些住在陽光充足而車水馬龍的大街旁且患有氣喘的孩子們。不僅如此，健康的兒童們也籠罩於危險之中。有一項2002年所做的研究著實發人深省，因為其調查了一群居住在霾霧籠罩的南加州的健康兒童。因暴露在臭氧污染的環境下，那些戶外體育運動時間長的兒童得到氣喘的機率是大部分時間留在室內的兒童的三倍之多。

But which pollutant is truly more serious, PM2.5 or ozone? Air pollution action plans for schools (such as the one below) across the USA rank PM2.5 and ozone as equally dangerous pollutants for children, and an AQI over 200 for either PM2.5 or ozone (equivalent to 8-hour ozone of 115 ppb, or 225 ug/ m3) would warrant all children staying indoors; for those with asthma, a stricter cutoff AQI of 100-150 could be even more protective.
但是哪一種污染物更嚴重呢，是PM2.5還是臭氧？美國為學校制定的空氣污染行動方案將PM2.5和臭氧列為對兒童同等危險的污染物。無論PM2.5還是臭氧，只要空氣品質指數超過200（相當於8小時暴露下，臭氧濃度達每立方公尺225微克），學校就需要讓所有孩子待在室內。對於有氣喘的兒童來說，該行動方案則建議，更嚴格的空氣污染指數的限制範圍要限縮在100至150之間。

But does any of this mean we really should change our behavior here in Beijing, any differently than we already act right now with PM2.5? I’m honestly not too convinced; while the WHO Guidelines and a more recent US EPA review do mention data showing increased mortality from higher ozone, and quite strong connections with lung disease, the long-term data just isn’t as impressive to me as it is for PM2.5. For example, PM2.5 clearly causes cancers, and is officially on the WHO’s list of carcinogens, while ozone’s data shows no strong correlation to cancers. Also, PM2.5’s direct damage to the heart is extremely well documented, while data for ozone is far less certain of a connection.
但是這些是否說明我們在北京真的應該改變一下生活習慣了？我們是否應該採取與現在因應PM2.5不同的對策來對付臭氧？說實話，我並不認為我們需要針對臭氧做出相應的改變。儘管世界衛生組織的空氣品質參考指數與美國環境保護署於近期發佈的一項調查顯示，臭氧污染與致死率以及肺病發生率均成正相關，可是在我看來，關於臭氧的長期數據並沒有像PM2.5那樣的令人憂心。例如，PM2.5很明顯地會導致癌症，並正式出現在世界衛生組織的致癌物名單上，然而關於臭氧的數據並沒顯示出其與癌症有很強的關聯性。另外，PM2.5對心臟的直接破壞已經被非常全面地記錄下來，而關於臭氧的數據卻尚未有如此確定的關聯。

But while ozone’s long-term risks may be less than PM2.5, short-term symptoms seem to affect all of us much more easily, especially right now during summer. Perhaps in this case any one of us who is at higher risk, or who commutes in high ozone areas — that includes anyone sitting on a bus, taxi or subway — could consider an anti-ozone mask, especially if you’ve already noticed symptoms. Also, anyone who feels symptoms when ozone is high, even if you are young and healthy, should certainly consider using an anti-ozone mask.
不過，雖然從長期看來臭氧並沒有PM2.5那麼危險，它所誘發的短期症狀卻更容易影響我們每一個人，特別是現在正值夏季。具有高風險呼吸道疾病的人們或是在臭氧濃度較高環境下通勤的人們—包含了乘坐公車、計程車還是地鐵的人—都應該要考慮佩戴防臭氧的口罩，尤其是那些已經有發現呼吸道症狀的人。一旦你感覺到高濃度地表臭氧所導致的症狀時，就算你既年輕又健康，也應該考慮佩戴防臭氧的口罩。

But the main problem here is that most masks’ filter material against PM2.5 is quite impotent against the far smaller ozone molecules, reducing ozone by only one-third. The only way to effectively remove ozone via a mask is to add a layer of carbon to the mask. These specialized anti-ozone masks using carbon were initially designed especially for welders, not consumers. Welding is a particularly dangerous occupation as the heat can create dangerously high levels of ozone (over 1,200 parts per billion, more than 12 times the US OSHA standard), and welders have much higher rates of lung disease than the average population, including asthma. Based on this specialized technology, a few consumer-level carbon masks are available. Studies have shown that disposable masks with carbon (in this case, the 3M 9913, also 90% effective against PM2.5), if fitted properly, can eliminate up to 98% of ozone, which I feel is quite impressive. Even more importantly, lung function was stable with the carbon mask but decreased with the no-carbon mask. After 40 hours of use, the carbon filter still worked perfectly, which means a person like myself could wear these masks for at least a couple of weeks of normal commuting activity, and simply throw them away once they get too dirty — or the rubber strap breaks, which usually happens first.
但是問題在於，大多數口罩中針對PM2.5的不含碳過濾材質對更為微小的臭氧分子能發揮的作用相當有限，因為這類過濾材質只能除去三分之一的臭氧。用口罩去除臭氧的唯一有效辦法就是在其中加一層碳。此類特製的防臭氧口罩最初是為焊接工人特別設計的，而不是針對普通消費者。焊接是一個格外危險的職業，因為焊接時的高溫可以產生極高濃度的臭氧，其濃度超出美國職業安全與健康署所訂定標準的12倍多。因此，焊接工人的肺病（包括氣喘）發生率要遠高於一般人。市面上出現了幾款利用這種特殊技術的含碳口罩。以上的研究和另外一個更新的研究表明，含碳的可拋棄式口罩—如對PM2.5有90%功效的3M 9913型—可以在正確使用的情況下去除98%的臭氧。我認為這還是很能發揮保護效果的。更重要的是，研究還顯示，含碳口罩使肺功能穩定，不含碳口罩則使肺功能下降。此外，含碳口罩的碳層經過40小時的使用之後，依然可以很有效地過濾雜質。這意味着像我一樣的上班族可以在上下班時戴上這類口罩，每個口罩至少可以使用兩星期。在用髒了之後，或者在大多數情況下都是彈性綁帶先斷了之後，就可以扔掉。

Ozone inside a house usually is only 40-50% as much as outdoors, but since we all spend much more time indoors than out, it’s estimated that 25-60% of our total exposure to ozone comes from indoors. Fortunately, the answer to this problem is one you’re probably already taking care of: an indoor air purifier. You may have noticed that most of the decent indoor air purifiers already include a carbon filter along with a true HEPA filter which eliminates PM2.5. Ozone indoors is still probably a less serious hazard to most of us than PM2.5, as well as from dangerous gases like benzene and formaldehyde, which causes cancer. These and other volatile gases are frequently elevated in newly renovated Chinese apartments with poorly made furniture, walls and flooring. The carbon filters can work extremely well against ozone as well as all of these gases.
室內的臭氧污染一般只有室外污染程度的40%到50%，可是由於我們在室內的時間比在室外的時間要長很多，一個研究的估算顯示，我們接觸到的25%至60%的臭氧都是來自於室內。幸運的是，解決這個問題的辦法已經被我們當中的很多人採納—買一個空氣濾清器。你也許已經發現，品質較好的空氣濾清器已經包含了一層活性碳過濾網以及一層HEPA過濾網，而這兩者都能除去PM2.5。室內的臭氧並沒有像PM2.5以及致癌的甲苯、甲醛氣體一樣危險。在中國新裝修的房子中，由於成本較低的家具、牆和地板的存在，類似的揮發性氣體的濃度經常居高不下。空氣濾清器的碳過濾層可以非常有效地去除臭氧和這些揮發性氣體。

I recently had pretty bad asthma attacks, which are now resolved, but I’m still quite nervous about recurrence. So while I’m relieved that I haven’t had any asthma spells this summer, all this recent press about ozone has empowered me to finally get up to speed on ozone research. I’ve decided that the only life change I needed to make was to use a carbon mask (combined with N95) during bad ozone days when commuting to work. Now when I glance at my pollution app on my mobile phone, I will look at ozone concentration as well as PM2.5. Otherwise, I’m already safe at home as my indoor air purifiers already include both carbon and HEPA filters.
我最近有幾次嚴重的氣喘發作，雖然現在已經恢復，但是我對病情復發還是感到緊張。所以在我於這個夏天中慶幸尚未受到氣喘影響的同時，最近媒體關於臭氧的一系列報導也促使我有趕緊加快腳步來做臭氧的研究。我已經決定，唯一需要的改變就是要在臭氧濃度高的日子裡配戴含碳口罩（也同時含有N95材料）上下班。現在每當我打開顯示污染指數的手機程式的時候，除了看PM2.5的濃度以外，我也會看一眼臭氧的濃度。要不然，我在家裡其實已經夠安全的了，因為家裡的室內空氣濾清器就有活性碳和HEPA過濾層。

But I’m also more cautious this summer with my children and asthmatic patients in clinic, making sure they’re also more aware of ozone’s specific threats to them on these hot sunny days. As usual, living healthy in Beijing always requires a combination of common sense and education on public health issues. And with ozone, just like PM2.5, a bit of the same preventive strategies should keep most of us healthy.
在這個夏天裡，我也對兒童和得氣喘的病人格外關注，我要確保他們更加了解炎熱的天氣裡，臭氧會對他們的身體造成什麼樣的威脅。與往常一樣，在北京健康地生活需要普通常識與公共健康議題教育的結合。而對於防範臭氧來說，採用和針對PM2.5一樣的預防措施應該就可以讓大部分的人們保持健康了。

#高雄人 #學習英文 請找 多益達人 林立英文

#按讚和分享給林立老師鼓勵吧^^

那個南方叫屏東
屏東的黑鮪魚好ㄘ(〃∀〃)

【2016，這就是台灣人想要的總統！】

「妳回北京以後，告訴他們，」蔡英文說：「台灣的下一任總統曾經為妳服務過。」

（“Go back to Beijing,” says Tsai, “and tell them you were served by the next President of Taiwan.”）

上面那段話，是這幾天來，最讓我感佩與震撼的一段話。那是蔡英文主席接受《TIME》雜誌專訪長文的結語，鏗鏘有力，也讓人無比動容...

2016，我希望我能有幸擁有這樣的總統，一股溫柔的力量，卻又充滿自信與霸氣，不慍不火、不卑不亢，而這正是台灣這個即將新生的島國，用來在世界永續立足，最需要的態度。

朋友們告訴我，昨天附上的《TIME》雜誌英漢對照翻譯文章，已經被下架了。對此，我真的感到非常遺憾。（更新消息：PTT貼文者並非原譯，因恐引起誤會而刪文。原譯文出自獨立記者Jessie Chen臉書，特此致謝。）

對於那篇連夜趕出的翻譯稿，也許不同立場的朋友，會有不同想法與批評。但對於譯者的熱心與用心，我只有發自內心的感激和敬佩。因此，我在網路上找到備份文章，再一次（無修改）分享給我的朋友們，需要的，就幫忙再傳播出去吧！

德不孤必有鄰，一位擅長漫畫的朋友，也默默傳了她關於那段「溫柔力量」談話的圖像詮釋。淡淡的畫風，彷彿原景重現，對我而言，那份感動，似乎又更深了一些...

有人以文字速譯向小英致敬、有人以圖像速寫向小英致敬──

而我，只能藉此臉書一角，向翻譯者、漫畫家，跟小英總統本人，獻上最誠心的祝福與感謝！

謝謝你們，讓台灣變成一個更好更美的地方。
　

──────────底下為英漢對照翻譯原文──────────

民進黨主席暨總統參選人蔡英文登上最新一期時代雜誌封面，標題是「她將可能領導華人世界唯一民主國家， She Could Lead The Only Chinese Democracy」。蔡主席是繼印度總理莫迪、印尼總統佐科威、韓國總統朴槿惠後，最新一位登上時代雜誌封面的亞洲領導人。

中英譯全文：

雜誌封面
She Could Lead the Only Chinese Democracy
And that makes Beijing nervous
她將可能領導華人世界唯一的民主國家
這讓北京感到緊張

目錄頁
Cover Story: Championing Taiwan
Presidential front runner Tsai Ing-wen wants to put the island’s interests first
封面故事：壯大台灣
總統大選領先者蔡英文要將台灣利益置於優先

內頁大標
‘The Next President Of Taiwan’
That’s how Tsai Ing-wen refers to herself. But will the island’s voters agree?
台灣的下一任總統
蔡英文是這樣認為。但是這座島嶼的選民會同意嗎？

內文
Emily Rauhala / 台北報導 Adam Ferguson / 攝影

Tsai Ing-wen is making breakfast. The presidential candidate cracks five eggs and lets them bubble with bacon in the pan. She stacks slices of thick, white toast. It’s a recipe adapted from British chef Jamie Oliver, but the ingredients, she can’t help but say, are pure Taiwan. The meat comes courtesy of Happy Pig, a farm near her spare but tasteful Taipei apartment, the bread from a neighborhood bakery. She offers me an orange. “Organic,” she says, in English. “And local, of course.”

蔡英文正在做早餐。這位總統候選人打了五個蛋，和著平底鍋裡面的培根一起吱吱作響，再把一片片白色的厚片土司疊起來。料理手法學自英國名廚傑米奧利佛（Jamie Oliver），但是她忍不住要說，烹調食材屬於最純粹的台灣原料。培根來自「快樂豬」農場，距離她那簡單卻有品味的公寓不遠，而麵包是從她家附近的烘培坊買來的。她遞了一顆橘子給我，用英文跟我說：「有機的！當然也是在地的。」

This is not an average breakfast for the 58-year-old lawyer turned politician running to become Taiwan’s next President—most days she grabs a coffee and books it to the car. But it is, in many ways, oh so Tsai. The Taipei-raised, U.S.- and U.K.-educated former negotiator wrote her doctoral thesis on international trade law. As a minister, party chair and presidential candidate (she narrowly lost to two-term incumbent Ma Ying-jeou in the 2012 race), Tsai gained a reputation for being wonky—the type who likes to debate protectionism over early-morning sips of black coffee or oolong tea.

對於這位58歲、從律師轉變成政治人物的總統候選人來說，這可不是她平常吃的早餐。她通常隨手抓一杯咖啡在車上喝。不過許多方面來說，這應該可以算是一貫的「蔡式」風格。這位在臺北長大、在英美留學過的談判專家，博士論文寫的是國際貿易法。在她當陸委 會主委、民進黨主席、總統候選人期間（她在2012年的總統大選中以些微差距輸給了馬英九總統），得到學院派的風評──她是那種喜歡在早上喝黑咖啡或烏龍茶時，跟你辯論保護主義的人。

Now, as the early front runner in Taiwan’s January 2016 presidential election, her vision for the island is proudly, defiantly, Taiwan-centric. Tsai says she would maintain the political status quo across the strait with China—essentially, both Taipei and Beijing agreeing to disagree as to which represents the one, true China, leaving the question of the island’s fate to the future. But Tsai wants to put Taiwan’s economy, development and culture first. While Ma and his government have pushed for new trade and tourism pacts with Beijing—China accounts for some 40% of Taiwan’s exports—Tsai aims to lessen the island’s dependence on the mainland by building global ties and championing local brands. “Taiwan needs a new model, ” she tells TIME.

現在，身為在2016年台灣總統大選中的領先者，蔡英文的願景充滿自信又堅定地強調以台灣為核心。蔡英文說她會維持兩岸的現狀──這指的是說臺北與北京彼此同意對於何者代表中國保留不同的認知（註明：這是時代雜誌記者的見解），並且把這個島嶼的命運留給未來決定。但，蔡英文想要將台灣的經濟、發展與文化置於首位。當馬英九和他的政府推動與中國的貿易及觀光協議時（中國占台灣出口的百分之四十），蔡英文希望加強與世界連結、扶植台灣品牌，以降低台灣對中國的依賴。她對時代雜誌說：「台灣需要一個新模式」。

Whether voters share her vision is a question that matters beyond Taipei. Taiwan is tiny, with a population of only 23 million, but its economy—powered by electronics, agriculture and tourism—ranks about mid-20s in the world by GDP size, with a GDP per capita about thrice that of China’s. Ceded by China’s Qing dynasty to Japan after the 1894–95 First Sino-Japanese War, colonized by Tokyo for half a century, then seized by Nationalist forces fleeing the Communists at the end of the Chinese civil war, Taiwan has long been a pawn in a regional great game. It is a linchpin for the U.S. in East Asia alongside Japan, South Korea and the Philippines, and, most important, it’s the only real democracy in the Chinese-speaking world.
“This election matters because it’s a window into democracy rooted in Chinese tradition,” says Lung Ying-tai, an author and social commentator who recently stepped down as Culture Minister. “Because of Taiwan, the world is able to envision a different China.”

台灣的選民是否同意她的願景，是一件擴及台北以外的事情。台灣的土地雖小，只有兩千三百萬的人口，但是經濟因電子業，農業以及觀光業的支，以國內生產毛額來說在世界排名第二十幾名。台灣的國內人均產值則是中國的三倍。台灣在1894-95的中日戰爭被中國清朝割讓後，被日本殖民了半個世紀；之後在中國內戰結束時逃避共產黨的國民黨勢力給佔領。長期以來台灣是區域競爭中的一個棋子。在美國的東亞布局中，台灣、日本、南韓及菲律賓同為最關鍵的環節。更重要的是，台灣是在華語世界中唯一一個真正的民主國家。甫卸任文化部長的作者與社會評論員龍應台表示：「這場選舉很重要，因為它提供了一個窗口，讓外界一探以中華文化為根基的民主……因為台灣，世界得以想像一個不一樣的中國。」

Taiwan’s politics irritate and befuddle Beijing. To the ruling Chinese Communist Party (CCP), Taiwan is the province that got away, a living, breathing, voting reminder of what could happen to China if the CCP loosens its grip on its periphery, from Tibet to Xinjiang to Hong Kong. Beijing is particularly wary of a change in government from Ma’s relatively China-friendly Kuomintang (KMT) to Tsai’s firmly China-skeptic Democratic Progressive Party (DPP). When Tsai ran for President in 2012, Beijing blasted her, without actually naming her, as a “troublemaker” and “splittist”—CCP-speak reserved for Dalai Lama–level foes. “A DPP government means uncertainty for cross-strait ties,” says Lin Gang, a Taiwan specialist at Shanghai Jiao Tong University’s School of International and Public Affairs.

台灣的政治讓北京感到惱怒又百思不解。對中國共產黨來說，台灣是一個逃走的省，也是對中國活生生的提醒──若中國鬆懈對於香港、西藏及新疆等非核心地區的掌控時，可能會發生的事。北京對於台灣的政權，由對中國相對友善的馬政府輪替到對中國保持疑慮的民進黨，抱持格外戒慎的態度。蔡英文在2012年參選總統的時候，北京雖然沒有指名道姓，卻明顯對她大肆抨擊，說她是一個「麻煩製造者」或「分裂主義者」——在共產黨的術語中，這些話專門達賴喇嘛這一層級的仇敵。任教於上海交通大學國際與公共關係學院的台灣事務專家林岡說：「民進黨政府代表的是兩岸關係的不確定性。」

To the U.S., which is bound by the Taiwan Relations Act to come to the island’ s aid if it’s attacked, Taiwan is a longtime friend and unofficial ally, though the strength of that friendship is being tested by China’s rise. Washington worries that Taiwan’s people, especially its youth, are growing warier of China, and that any conflict between the two might draw in the U.S.
“What this election has done is crystallize the changes, the shift in public opinion,” says Shelley Rigger, a Taiwan scholar at Davidson College in North Carolina and the author of Why Taiwan Matters. “I don’t think cross-strait relations are going to be easy going forward, and that’s not something U.S. policymakers want to hear.”

對美國來說，根據《台灣關係法》，在台灣受到武力攻擊的情況下，須協防台灣。台灣是美國長期友邦和非正式盟國，儘管兩國之間友誼的強度正受到中國崛起的考驗。華府擔心台灣人民，特別是年輕人，對於中國的警戒心逐漸提高，而兩者之間的衝突可能會把美國牽扯進來。著有《台灣為何重要》（Why Taiwan Matters）一書的美國北卡羅來那州戴維森大學（Davidson College）教授任雪麗（Shelley Rigger）說：「這場選舉讓所有的改變具體化，反映出民意板塊的移動……我不認為接下來的兩岸關係會更融洽，而這不是美國的政策制定者想要聽到的東西。」

The KMT has yet to formally nominate a candidate for the top job, but the favorite is Hung Hsiu-chu, the legislature’s female deputy speaker. Nicknamed ”little hot pepper” because of her diminutive stature and feisty manner, Hung, 67, would be a contrast to the more professorial Tsai should she get the KMT’s nod. “I don’t think [Tsai] is a strong opponent,” Hung tells TIME. Yet the DPP’s choice, who has already started pressing the flesh islandwide, is spirited too. “People have this vision of me as a conservative person, but I’m actually quite adventurous,” she says. And possessed of a sharp sense of humor—when I compliment her cooking, Tsai looks at me with mock exasperation: “I have a Ph.D., you know.”

國民黨雖然還未正式提名總統候選人，但目前最被看好的就是立法院副院長洪秀柱。因為身材嬌小與好戰性格而被封為「小辣椒」的洪秀柱（67歲），如果獲黨的提名，將與擁有學者形象的蔡英文，呈現顯著的對比。洪秀柱向時代記者表示：「我不認為蔡英文是一位強的對手」。然而，民進黨的候選人已經士氣高昂，在全台各地展開競選活動。蔡英文說：「有些人認為我是一個保守的人，但我其實是很愛冒險的」。她有一種犀利的幽默感──當我讚美她的廚藝時，她用搞笑的語氣假裝惱怒說：「我可是擁有博士學位的。」

Tsai grew up in a home on Taipei’s Zhongshan Road North, a street named after Taiwan’s symbolic father, Sun Yat-sen, the Chinese revolutionary who helped overthrow the Qing and co-founded the KMT. Her own father, an auto mechanic turned property developer, was of the Confucian kind: he encouraged her to study hard but also expected her, as the youngest daughter, to devote herself to his care. “I was not considered a kid that would be successful in my career,” says Tsai.

蔡英文在台北的中山北路長大，這條街是以革命推翻清朝、成立國民黨並視為國父的孫逸仙命名。她的父親是一位修車技師，後來成為土地開發商。他承襲了儒家思想，希望蔡英文要用功讀書，但也期許身為小女兒的蔡英文可以留在父親身邊照顧他。蔡英文說：「我小時候不是一個被認為未來會有成就的孩子。」

After attending university in Taiwan, she studied law at Cornell in New York because, she says, it seemed the place for a young woman who “wanted to have a revolutionary life.” From there she went to the London School of Economics, where she earned her Ph.D., also in law, in less than three years. “That pleased my father,” she says. When he called her home, she obliged, returning to Taiwan to teach and, in 1994, to enter government in a series of high- profile but mostly policy-oriented roles in the Fair Trade Commission, National Security Council and Mainland Affairs Council.

在台灣大學畢業後，她前往紐約州康乃爾大學研讀法律，因為她說，這是一個「想過革命性的生活」的年輕女子該去的地方。之後，她前往倫敦政治經濟學院攻讀法學博士，並且三年不到就獲得學位。她說：「這讓我父親很高興」。她遵從父親的意思返回台灣，先回大學教書並在1994年進入政府，出任公平交易委員會、國安會及陸委會等一系列重要的、政策導向的職位。

Even close supporters say Tsai was, and perhaps still is, an unlikely politician, especially for the DPP. Taiwan’s opposition party was forged in struggle and led by veterans of the democracy movement—a fight Tsai mostly missed. The Kaohsiung Incident in 1979—a human-rights rally that was violently broken up by security forces, galvanizing the democracy movement— took place while Tsai was overseas, cocooned in the ivory tower. If the archetypal DPP operative is a bare-knuckle street fighter, Tsai is an Olympic fencer—restrained and precise.

就連許多親近蔡英文的支持者都認為，蔡英文是一位非典型的政治人物，特別就民進黨而言。身為在野黨的民進黨，在台灣民主運動的奮鬥過程中焠煉而成，由民主運動的老兵所成立，這是一場蔡英文錯過的戰役。1979年高雄的美麗島事件，當一場人權遊行遭警政單位暴力驅散，而後來激勵了台灣的民主運動，蔡英文當時正在國外求學，受到象牙塔的庇護。若說民進黨的典型人物是赤手空拳的街頭鬥士，蔡英文則是一位奧林匹克級的劍術家：自我克制又精確到位。

She stepped into the spotlight in 2008, becoming party chair when the DPP found itself booted from office, with its chief Chen Shui-bian, the outgoing President, later convicted of corruption. While she possessed a deep knowledge of policy, Tsai did not then seem like a leader. “She used to sort of hide behind me when we went door to door,” recalls legislator Hsiao Bi-khim, a longtime colleague and friend. “People compared her to a lost bunny in the forest, with wolves surrounding, both from within the party and outside.

在2008年民進黨失去政權，而前總統陳水扁隨即遭貪汙罪起訴的時刻，蔡英文踏入了鎂光燈下，成為民進黨主席。雖然蔡英文對於政策擁有深度的瞭解，但當時她還不像一位領導人。長期以來是她同事與朋友的立法委員蕭美琴說「以前當我們挨家挨戶去拜訪時，她有點會躲在我身後」。「有些形容她為一個在森林裡迷路的兔子，被黨內與黨外的狼群包圍。」

After an unsuccessful 2010 mayoral bid, Tsai ran for, and also lost, the presidency in 2012. Jason Liu, a veteran DPP speechwriter, says now that the campaign did not “sell” Tsai well enough. The ideas were strong, but the delivery left “distance between her and the voters.” Ironically, it was not until her concession speech that Tsai seemed to connect emotionally with Taiwan’s citizens. “You may cry,” she told the tearful crowd. “But don’t lose heart.”

2010年，蔡英文參與市長選舉失利，在2012年也沒順利當選總統。民進黨資深文膽劉建忻表示，當時的競選總部對於「行銷」蔡英文這個概念，做得不夠好；雖然擁有許多好點子，但是執行上還是「讓選民感到有所距離」。諷刺地，一直到敗選感言，蔡英文才似乎與台灣人民產生情感上的連結。她對含著淚水的群眾表示：「你可以哭泣，但不能洩氣。」

A lot has changed since 2012. Eleven hours after making eggs, with a policy meeting, a cross-country train ride and a harbor tour behind her, Tsai is addressing a couple hundred students at a university in the southern city of Kaohsiung, a DPP stronghold. She’s in lecture mode, at ease, talking about her party’s economic plans: stronger regional links and a focus on innovation to support small businesses. “How many of you went to Taipei for the Sunflower protests?” she asks in Mandarin. At least a third raise their hands.

2012年之後的台灣，歷經了許多改變。蔡英文煎蛋後的11個小時後，歷經了一場政策會議、搭乘高鐵從北一路向南、緊接著進行高雄碼頭導覽。她抵達南台灣民進黨的重鎮高雄，向數百位大學生發表演說。她以一派輕鬆的授課模式，闡述著民進黨的經濟計畫：加強區域間的連結，並聚焦於支持創新的小型經濟。她用中文詢問在場學生「你們之中有多少人去台北參加過太陽花學運？」現場至少有三分之一的學生舉起了手。

Taiwan’s students were once seen as apathetic. But during spring last year, Taipei was swept up by thousands-strong demonstrations over a services pact with China. Student and civic groups worried that the deal could hurt Taiwan’s economy and leave it vulnerable to pressure from Beijing. They felt it was pushed through without adequate public scrutiny. The Sunflower Movement, as it came to be called after a florist donated bundles of the blooms, grew into a grassroots revolt, culminating in the March 18 storming of the legislature.

台灣的學生過去一度被視為相當冷漠。但是在去年的春天，台北市被數以千計的抗議者淹沒，反對與中國簽訂的服務貿易協議。學生與公民團體擔憂這個協議會傷害台灣經濟，讓台灣的經濟受制於中國壓力而變得脆弱。他們也認為，服貿協議的推動並沒有經過適當的公民審議。太陽花運動是民間累積的抗爭與不滿，在3月18日這天一舉衝進立法院，運動的稱號是由於抗爭期間一位花販捐贈了大量太陽花而因此命名。

The movement was grounded in questions of social justice. Since coming to power in 2008, Ma has argued that cross-strait commerce is the key to the island’s fortunes, signing 21 trade deals. Yet young people in particular wonder if the deals benefit only Big Business on both sides of the strait. They say rapprochement with Beijing has left them none the richer, and agonize over the high cost of housing, flat wages and the possibility of local jobs going to China. A sign during a protest outside the Presidential Palace on March 30 last year captured the mood: “We don’t have another Taiwan to sell.”

這個運動的主要訴求就是社會正義。自從國民黨2008年執政以來，簽訂了21個兩岸貿易協定，馬英九主張兩岸的商業往來是台灣最關鍵的財富來源。但是年輕人質疑這項論述，他們認為這些貿易協議只有兩岸的大財團獲利。他們說北京的和解政策並沒有讓年輕人變得富有，反而讓他們受困於高房價、停滯的薪資、以及在地工作機會可能流失到中國的可能性。在去年3月30日於總統府外的抗議中，有個標語最能捕捉整體的社會氛圍：「台灣只有一個，賣了就沒了！」

The emphasis on quality of life, and not just macro-indicators, is good news for Tsai. Her vision for a more economically independent Taiwan did not sway the electorate in 2012 but may now have stronger appeal. The KMT, bruised by the Sunflower protests and then battered by fed-up voters in midterm polls last fall, is trying to remake itself as a more populist party. Timothy Yang, a former Foreign Minister who is now vice president of the National Policy Foundation, the KMT’s think tank, says the party stands by its cross-strait record. But even Yang, a KMT stalwart, is keen to address the issue of equity:
“The benefits of this interaction with mainland China should be shared with the general public.”

台灣社會對於生活品質的重視，而非僅僅強調宏觀經濟指標，對蔡英文來說是件好事。她希望打造一個經濟上更加獨立的台灣，雖然這個理念在2012年並沒有說動選民，但，現在可能更有吸引力。國民黨在太陽花運動中受到重創，在去年秋天的期中選舉中又再度被選民以選票教訓。現在，國民黨試圖把自己再造成一個民粹的政黨。目前擔任國民黨智庫『國家政策基金會』副董事長的前外交部長楊進添先生受訪時說道，「國民黨堅持其兩岸的立場」。但即便像楊進添這樣堅定的國民黨員，也熱衷於解決公平的議題。他說：「兩岸互動的利益，應該要與全民共享！」

Tsai should easily carry traditional DPP support: much of the south, the youth vote, and those who identify as Taiwanese and who are not a part of the elite that came from China after the CCP victory in 1949. The DPP’s missing link is Big Business, which supports the KMT and closer ties with the mainland, where many Taiwan companies are invested. Tsai recognizes that this is a constituency she needs to woo but doesn’t seem clear as to how, beyond saying, “Our challenge is to produce something that is sensible to both sides without being considered as a traitor to the friends we used to be with when we were an opposition party.”

蔡英文要得到傳統民進黨的支持並不難，例如南部選民、年輕選票、還有那些認同自己是台灣人，而不是1949年中國共產黨勝利後來自中國的精英份子。然而，民進黨缺乏與大企業的連結，因為台灣企業大量投資大陸，而其中這些大財團多半支持國民黨，以及與大陸建立更緊密的關係。蔡英文也理解到這是她必須要去吸引的一群選民，但是對於如何進行並沒有太清楚的圖像。她說：「我們的挑戰是要去創造雙方都認為合理的立場，又不能被我們在野時的朋友認為是叛徒。」

That will be hard. The KMT has long argued that it, not the DPP, is best qualified to run the economy, which, corruption apart, did not do well under Chen. Tsai’s supporters concede that many citizens feel the same way—that the DPP can be an effective opposition but not administration. “The KMT has always portrayed itself as more suited to guide the economy,” says J. Michael Cole, a Taipei-based senior fellow with the University of Nottingham’s China Policy Institute and a senior officer at Tsai’s Thinking Taiwan Foundation. “There’s this stubborn perception that a DPP government would be bad for business.”

這是困難的挑戰。國民黨長期主張自己比民進黨更擅長治理經濟，尤其陳水扁執政時期除了貪污，經濟表現並不好。蔡英文的支持者也同意，確實有些民眾認為民進黨可是一個稱職的反對黨，但不是執政黨。諾丁漢大學中國政策研究中心資深研究員暨小英基金會資深主管寇謐將（J. Michael Cole）說：「國民黨把自己描繪是一個更適合主導經濟的政黨。另外也有一種僵化的刻版印象，認為民進黨執政對企業不利。」

It’s a narrative that the CCP backs and may well float as the campaign progresses, either directly, in China’s state-controlled press, or indirectly, through, for instance, its connections in Taiwan’s business community. “Beijing is going to want to make a point through all sorts of channels, including Big Business, that cross-strait relations will not be as smooth if you vote a government into power that has not accepted the foundation that has underpinned developments of the last eight years,” says Alan Romberg, a distinguished fellow at the Stimson Center, a Washington, D.C., think tank.

這種論調受到中國共產黨的支持，並且今隨著選戰的進展不斷被拋出。共產黨可能直接地利用中國控制的媒體影響選舉，或是間接地透過中國與台灣商業界的連結。美國華府智庫史汀森研究中心（Stimson Center）資深學者容安瀾（Alan Romberg）說：「北京將會透過大企業等各種管道來闡述其立場，表明要是台灣人民讓一個不接受過去八年兩岸發展基
礎的政府執政，兩岸關係的發展將不會如現在一樣平順。」

Beijing has never been receptive to a DPP government, but it is particularly negative now. Since coming to power in 2012, China’s leader Xi Jinping has proved himself to be more assertive and nationalistic than most expected, a man not eager to compromise. Last September he told a delegation from the island that China and Taiwan might be one day be reunited under Hong Kong’s “one country, two systems” formula, which is rejected by both the KMT and DPP and, surveys consistently show, the vast majority of Taiwan’s people. This May, Xi warned again about the danger of “separatist forces”—a comment widely interpreted as a swipe at the DPP.

北京對於民進黨政權的接受度向來不高，但現在尤其抱持負面的態度。中國領導人習近平在2012年掌權後，證明自己比外界想像的還更加武斷，帶有更強烈的民族主義色彩，是一個不輕易妥協的人。去年九月，他對一個來自台灣的代表團說，中國和台灣可望採用香港「一國兩制」的模式統一，然而這卻是一個國民黨和民進黨都反對的方案，而且民調也一再顯示，絕大多數的台灣人民無法接受。今年五月，習近平再度警告「分裂主義勢力」會帶來的危險──這段說詞普遍被外界詮釋為對民進黨的抨擊。

Cross-strait relations are managed according to the so-called 1992 Consensus reached by Beijing and Taipei (then also governed by the KMT), a formula the KMT’s Yang calls “a masterpiece of ambiguity.” Under the 1992 Consensus, both sides acknowledge that there is only one China, but without specifying what exactly that means. This, Yang says, has allowed the KMT to move forward on bilateral trade, transport and tourism without being forced to address whether “one China” is the China imagined by Beijing or by Taipei.

兩岸關係是治理目前根據北京和台北（當時為國民黨執政）之間所謂的九二共識，這是一個被國民黨的楊進添形容為「模糊性的一大鉅作」的政策。根據九二共識，雙方承認只有一個中國，但不表明一個中國的確切意含。楊進添說，這讓國民黨在推展雙邊貿易、交通和觀光方面得以取得進展，而不需被迫去回答「一個中國」究竟是北京或是台北心目中的中國。

The DPP has long promoted de jure independence. The first clause in its charter calls for “the establishment of an independent sovereignty known as the Republic of Taiwan,” not the Republic of China, Taiwan’s official name. This platform resonates with the DPP base but is increasingly untenable given China’s economic clout and growing power on the world stage. While the first DPP presidency under Chen was hardly a break from the past, it did see a cooling with Beijing. Things warmed again under Ma. Lin, the Taiwan expert at Shanghai Jiao Tong University, says Tsai is somewhere between Chen and Ma: “If she wins the election, she will not pursue Taiwan in dependence. But she will not promote the development of the cross-strait relationship as Ma Ying-jeou did.”

民進黨過去長期以來推動台灣的法理獨立。民進黨黨綱第一條闡明「建立主權獨立自主的台灣共和國」，而非台灣的正式國號中華民國。這個立場獲得民進黨基本盤的認同，卻在中國的經濟實力成長與中國在世界舞台上崛起之下，越來越無法實現。儘管陳水扁主政時期的民進黨政府跟過去的政策並無太大差別，但跟北京的關係確實趨向冷淡。馬英九主政時期兩岸關係再度暖化。上海交通大學的台灣專家林岡說，蔡英文的立場介於馬英九和陳水扁之間。他說：「如果她勝選，她不會追求台灣獨立。但她也不會像馬英九一樣推動兩岸關係的發展。」

Tsai stresses that she will not alter the politics between Taiwan and China, but she is vague about whether she will repeal the DPP’s independence clause. And unification? That, she says, “is something you have to resolve democratically—it is a decision to be made by the people here.”

蔡英文強調她不會改變台灣和中國之間的政治關係，但對於是否撤回台獨條文卻是依然維持模糊。至於統一呢？她說：「那是必須經由民主程序解決的事情——這是一個必須經由此地的人民來做的決定。」

Hung, Tsai’s potential KMT opponent, says the DPP flag bearer needs to clarify her stance on cross-strait relations. “People ask her, ‘What is the status quo?’ and she can’t say anything specific,” says Hung. The KMT’s Yang offers a metaphor: “Before you harvest, you have to plow the land, transplant the seedlings, fertilize; all the work … has been done by the KMT, and yet they are going to harvest the crop?”

蔡英文的在對手洪秀柱說，民進黨的掌舵手需要清楚地闡明她對兩岸關係的立場。洪秀柱說：「大家問她『維持現狀是什麼意思？』，她卻沒有給具體的回應。」國民黨的楊進添用一個比喻：「在收割之前，要先耕地、播種、施肥；所有的工作……都已經被國民黨完成了，然而他們現在卻想要收割？」

Tsai believes she will win that right. Several days before I return to my Beijing base, over Taiwan-Japanese fusion in Kaohsiung, Tsai is quietly confident that she will gain the trust of Taiwan’s voters and secure victory, whatever Beijing might think. She puts a final piece of tuna on my plate. It’ s from Pingtung County in the south, where she was born. “Go back to Beijing,” says Tsai, “and tell them you were served by the next President of Taiwan.”

蔡英文相信她會贏得這項權利。在我返回北京駐點的前幾天，我們在一家位於高雄的台式日本料理小店用餐，蔡英文對於取得台灣選民的信任並贏得選戰，展現出低調的自信。當時，她把最後一片鮪魚夾到我的盤子上。那塊鮪魚來自南方的屏東，她的出生地。「妳回北京以後，告訴他們，」蔡英文說：「台灣的下一任總統曾經為妳服務過。」

—With reporting by Zoher Abdoolcarim, Gladys Tsai and Natalie Tso/Taipei

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圖片：猜猜看，認出畫風了嗎？^^

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