A very interesting text about how we teach reading to kids! (值得一讀!)
https://www.apmreports.org/episode/2019/08/22/whats-wrong-how-schools-teach-reading
學界爭論不休的 whole language approach 和 systematic phonics approach,究竟哪一個有更多的科學理據,去支持成為較適合幼兒閱讀的策略呢?
Whole language approach 著重提供一個豐富的、包含讀寫聽說的語言環境,著重文字在文本中呈現出來的意思,鼓勵孩子運用思考力從不同的 cues(例如圖畫、上文下理、beginning sound)去猜估文字,講求make sense of language。孩子有學習 phonics 的,只是不完整也沒有系統。
.graphic cues (what do the letters tell you about what the word might be?)
.syntactic cues (what kind of word could it be, for example, a noun or a verb?)
.semantic cues (what word would make sense here, based on the context?)
另一套觀點則強調要 explicitly, systematically 教授 letter 同 sound 的關係,怎樣 decode words,即是在孩子初學習英語時,集中把 phonics 的系統循序漸進式地好好掌握。
香港的學校多是採用 whole language approach,而家長努力付費外補的多是 phonics。
文中詳細描述了能夠掌握有效 phonics 策略的學生是如何閱讀:
//Here's what happens when a reader who has good phonics skills comes to a word she doesn't recognize in print. She stops at the word and sounds it out. If it's a word she knows the meaning of, she has now linked the spelling of the word with its pronunciation. If she doesn't know the meaning of the word, she can use context to try to figure it out.
By about second grade, a typically developing reader needs just a few exposures to a word through understanding both the pronunciation and the spelling for that word to be stored in her memory. She doesn't know that word because she memorized it as a visual image. She knows that word because at some point she successfully sounded it out.
The more words she stores in her memory this way, the more she can focus on the meaning of what she's reading; she'll eventually be using less brain power to identify words and will be able to devote more brain power to comprehending what she's reading.//
近年很多學者從科學研究的角度證實 systematic phonics approach 對提升孩子閱讀能力更有幫助。
如有興趣自教孩子 phonics,你們對這個no prep phonics bundle(https://shop.thisreadingmama.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/MEGA-NO-PREP-Phonics-Bundle-PREVIEW-This-Reading-Mama.pdf)有興趣嗎?減價中,有興趣可pm 我一同 chip in 買。
其他參考資料:https://www.washingtonpost.com/education/2019/03/27/case-why-both-sides-reading-wars-debate-are-wrong-proposed-solution/
同時也有10000部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過2,910的網紅コバにゃんチャンネル,也在其Youtube影片中提到,...
「systematically意思」的推薦目錄:
- 關於systematically意思 在 男孩媽媽的育兒手記 Facebook 的精選貼文
- 關於systematically意思 在 一個平凡醫學生的日常。 Facebook 的最佳解答
- 關於systematically意思 在 淳的港式挪威生活 Facebook 的最讚貼文
- 關於systematically意思 在 コバにゃんチャンネル Youtube 的精選貼文
- 關於systematically意思 在 大象中醫 Youtube 的最佳貼文
- 關於systematically意思 在 大象中醫 Youtube 的最讚貼文
- 關於systematically意思 在 Systematic 系統教育- 架設VPN 以將企業內部網絡接駁到AWS ... 的評價
systematically意思 在 一個平凡醫學生的日常。 Facebook 的最佳解答
19. 體制理應保護我們 有時它卻殘殺我們
民怨日深,警民衝突(甚至已經超越單純的推撞),背後來自甚麼日積月累的不公和無稽?
有些行為本身就不合法,小販擺檔如是、公民抗命如是,被系統還擊是「lawful」的。但令人咬牙切齒的,是當權者的選擇性執法,警察使用「最低武力」是自衛、金毛保安員驅趕小販是合情合理,這就不算是符合「justice」了。
更甚者,這個系統甚至不是我們自己訂立的。不要跟我說在外國,這些「暴徒」會受怎麼樣的嚴厲反擊,至少他們的執政者是他們選擇出來的。他們有改變權勢的能力。但我們的「system」,是被一雙從北方來的無形之手所操控的,無論你信不信也好。這就是問題癥結所在。
--
「以卵擊石,在高大堅硬的牆和雞蛋之間,我永遠站在雞蛋那方。」 無論高牆是多麼正確,雞蛋是多麼地錯誤,我永遠站在雞蛋這邊。
誰是誰非,自有他人、時間、歷史來定論。但若小說家無論何種原因,寫出站在高牆這方的作品,這作品豈有任何價值可言?這代表什麼意思呢?轟炸機、戰車、火箭和白磷彈就是那堵高牆;而被它們壓碎、燒焦和射殺的平民則是雞蛋。這是這個比喻的其中一層涵義。
更深一層的看,我們每個人,也或多或少都是一枚雞蛋。我們都是獨一無二,裝在脆弱外殼中的靈魂。你我也或多或少,都必須面對一堵名為「體制」的高牆。體制照理應該保護我們,但有時它卻殘殺我們,或迫使我們冷酷、有效率、系統化地殘殺別人。是我們創造了體制。
"Between a high, solid wall and an egg that breaks against it, I will always stand on the side of the egg." Yes, no matter how right the wall may be and how wrong the egg, I will stand with the egg.
Someone else will have to decide what is right and what is wrong; perhaps time or history will decide. If there were a novelist who, for whatever reason, wrote works standing with the wall, of what value would such works be? What is the meaning of this metaphor? In some cases, it is all too simple and clear. Bombers and tanks and rockets and white phosphorus shells are that high, solid wall. The eggs are the unarmed civilians who are crushed and burned and shot by them. This is one meaning of the metaphor. This is not all, though. It carries a deeper meaning. Think of it this way. Each of us is, more or less, an egg. Each of us is a unique, irreplaceable soul enclosed in a fragile shell. This is true of me, and it is true of each of you. And each of us, to a greater or lesser degree, is confronting a high, solid wall. The wall has a name: It is The System. The System is supposed to protect us, but sometimes it takes on a life of its own, and then it begins to kill us and cause us to kill others - coldly, efficiently, systematically. We made The System.
--永遠站在「雞蛋」的那方 (村上春樹)
譯文來自 http://www.cw.com.tw/article/article.action?id=5001789
systematically意思 在 淳的港式挪威生活 Facebook 的最讚貼文
<我的身份>
剛剛去警局補交visa文件,那個officier對BNO很有興趣。他一開始很專注的看著電腦裡我的passport影印本,說你是Chinese但在香港出生。那你有Chinese citizenship? 我想一想,不是呀!更正他,我有的是Hong Kong citizenship! 他有點confused, 問香港現在不是屬於中國嗎? 他們當你們是中國人嗎?被問過也解釋過無數次的我當然很有技巧的回答,他們emotionally or mentally 當我們是Chinese,但technically or systematically 我們不是。進出中國我們要用回鄉證,而香港人有自己的身份證。我們有在中國的居留權嗎?這我不確定,但我差一點就留在上面了。officer可能見我有點好奇為什麼他比其他人知道得多,他說97回歸時他在越南field study。剛好他辦好手續,我也不好意思追問他做什麼study。我相信BNO這問題應該還有大打機會同不同人解釋,還可以引申到中港關係。我亦曾經同人解釋過Chinese這個term有唔同層面嘅意思,一個係people living in China,另一個係ethnically Chinese。其實,這可以係一個唔錯嘅去旅行時同人吹水嘅話題。
systematically意思 在 Systematic 系統教育- 架設VPN 以將企業內部網絡接駁到AWS ... 的推薦與評價
究竟下圖右邊的commands 有甚麼意思? 只是打commands 並不是最重要的。理解BGP concepts 然後使用commands 實踐先係重要。在02/10 (dd/mm) 開課的"CCNP 國際認可證書 ... ... <看更多>