杜學長和俐媽都是Roger Federer的粉絲,
除了學習英文,
我們也會談談四大網球公開賽的消息,
這次Federer宣佈退出法網,
我們遺憾🥺但是尊重。
「退出」賽事的英文該怎麼說?
以下感謝杜學長的整理提供👍🏼👍🏼
——————————————————————-
🎾 俐媽新聞英文—網球篇:
*withdraw (v.) 撤退;退出
→ withdrawal (n.)
*seek to (ph.) 追求;力圖爭取
*operation (n.) 手術
*pull out of N. (ph.) 退出 (比賽/競選等)
*statement (n.) 聲明;敘述
*rehabilitation (n.) 復原;康復
*grand slam (n.) 大滿貫賽事 (網球)
*undergo (v.) 經歷;忍受(考驗/變化/檢修等)
*target (v.) 把…作為目標(at N)
*be thrilled to V. (ph.) 很激動/興奮去做某事
*tournament (n.) 錦標賽 (常簡寫tour)
*put up (ph.) 提供;建造
*quarterfinal (n.) 八強 (或稱半準決賽/四分之一決賽)
*reassess (v.) 再三考慮;再三評估
*curfew (n.) 宵禁
*stadium (n.) 體育場 (館)
*make N. debut (ph.) 首次亮相
*dominate (v.) 主宰;支配
*testament (n.) 確實的證明
*grueling (a.) 使人筋疲力盡的;艱辛的
*rule out (ph.) 排除;取消
*priority (n.) 優先
*singles title (n.) 單打冠軍
*Open era (n.) 公開化年代 (大寫為網壇專有名詞)
*serve (n.) 發球
*manage to V (ph.) 設法成功達成⋯
*unseeded (a.) 非種子(球員)的
*spectator (n.) 觀眾
cf. audience (n.) 聽眾(⚠️ 俐媽上課常提醒的不同「觀眾」,別搞混囉)
*session (n.) 場次
*revenue (n.) 利潤
*infrastructure (n.) 基礎設施
*turn out to be N. (ph.) 結果是…
*poignant (a.) 淒美的
*criticism (n.) 批評
*have an impact on N. (ph.) 對…造成影響/衝擊
*interest (n.) 利益;利潤
*involvement (n.) 涉及;介入;參與
*career (n.) 職業生涯
*devalue (v.) 貶低;降低…的價值
*walkover (n.) 輕易得勝
*sprain (v.) 扭傷
*adrenaline (n.) 腎上腺素
*demanding (a.) 要求高的;費力的
*inevitable (a.) 無可避免的
*exceptionally (adv.) 異常地;特殊地
*durable (a.) 持久的
*astonishingly (adv.) 令人驚訝地
*retire (v.) 退賽
*straight-sets (n.) 直落盤數
*sympathy (n.) 同情
*opponent (n.) 對手
*conserve (v.) 保存
*reassured (a.) 使放心的
*news conference (n.) 記者會
*fitness trainer (n.) 體能訓練師
*encounter (n.)(v.) 遭遇
*occasionally (adv.) 偶然地
*suggest (v.) 暗示
*on the cards (adv.) 可能
*sensible (a.) 明智的;合乎情理的
*make sense to V. (ph.) 對做某事是有道理的
*condition (n.) 條件;情況
*harbour (v.) 懷有 (心情/感覺)
🆙 harbour (v.) 為英式用法,harbor (v.) 則為美式
*agonizingly (adv.) 痛苦的;苦悶的
🆙 文中 agonisingly (adv.) 為英式用法
*convert (v.) 轉變;轉換
→ convert into N. (ph.) 轉變成…
🆙 常用於重大轉變,如信仰、意識形態、關鍵點 (俐媽上課常提點)
*sit out (ph.) 袖手旁觀 (文中衍伸為缺席的意思)
*successive (a.) 連續的;接連的
*edition (n.) 版次;集 (文中衍伸為屆次)
*semi-final (n.) 四強 (或稱準決賽/半決賽)
*appearance (n.) 出現;露面 (文中衍伸為出賽)
*stand (n.) 看臺
*eerily (adv.) 奇怪地;異常地
*restriction (n.) 限制
*farewell (n.) 告別;辭別
最後附上一篇由法網官方貼出關於Federer退賽的聲明!
—————————————————————————-
#你也是網球迷嗎
#俐媽新聞英文 #俐媽新聞英文網球篇
#台大明明助你銜接新聞英文
「target at用法」的推薦目錄:
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- 關於target at用法 在 Ken's Portable Classroom Facebook 的最佳解答
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- 關於target at用法 在 target用法的推薦與評價,GITHUB、STACKOVERFLOW和網 ... 的評價
- 關於target at用法 在 GitHub - chimurai/http-proxy-middleware 的評價
- 關於target at用法 在 YouTube Data API Overview - Google for Developers 的評價
- 關於target at用法 在 Harshp20/Python-Instagram-Bot - GitHub 的評價
target at用法 在 Ken's Portable Classroom Facebook 的最佳解答
📰 今天我們來讀讀【華爾街日報】
🖐🏽 五分鐘來關心國際時事— 美國🇺🇸
Trump Administration Turns Up Pressure on China on Several Fronts
川普政府在幾個方面對中國施加更大的壓力。
WASHINGTON—The Trump administration is intensifying U.S. pressure on China, piling on visa bans, sanctions and other restrictions that are battering already unsettled ties between the world’s two largest economies.
📌 文章第一段就以這個主題為切入點,施壓的領域包括簽證禁令、制裁和其他限制。
🖋 intensify pressure on 的意思就是 turn up pressure on。pile on (堆積),在修辭學裡有「轉化」的作用(將虛擬實)。ban (禁令)、sanction (制裁) 和 restriction (限制)常於國際新聞出現的詞語。
Attorney General William Barr, in a speech Thursday, warned U.S. businesses that they are at risk of collaborating with a Chinese government that ultimately seeks to supplant them in its expanding state-run economy. Administration officials are also discussing banning travel by China’s Communist Party members and their families to the U.S., people familiar with the matter said.
📌 文章第二段引述美國司法部長在一篇演說中對企業家的警告:中國政府最終或許取締他們!這段也提到美國官員考慮禁止中國共產黨員和家屬去美國。
🖋 Attorney General (司法部長)是美國高級官員,他想美國企業發出嚴厲的警告,用at risk of + noun phrase 來表達。administration official 是常用的片語,指政府官員。
Discussions are in early stages, with no timeline for being put into effect, the people said. If put into policy, advisers and policy analysts said the ban would strike at the legitimacy of the increasingly powerful party.
📌文章第三段補充說,有關考慮處於初步階段,如果被實施回打擊共產黨的合法性。
🖋 timeline (時間表)是常用用語,其他常見的用語包括 policy、adviser、policy analyst。legitimacy (合法性)是個高階字,在有關政治的文章常常出現。
The administration has amped up a broader confrontation with Beijing in recent weeks by imposing sanctions on a member of the Communist Party leadership, signing legislation that targets other Chinese officials and holding full-scale military exercises in the South China Sea.
📌文章第四段講述美國在最近幾個星期跟中國的對抗:制裁一位共產黨高層人員、簽署針對其他中國官員的法例和在南中國海舉行軍事演習。
🖋amp up (放大) 是個轉化的修辭片語,impose(施加)跟sanction搭配的,legislation是law的同義詞,target在這裡是及物動詞,千萬別加at。
All this has come after President Trump for months has blamed China for covering up the initial corona virus outbreak that his administration has struggled to contain in the U.S.
📌文章第五段為這一切提供背景:川普幾個月來責怪中國隱瞞疫情。
🖋 blame 是基本的動詞,要記住它的用法,cover up (掩飾) 很常用,另外,contain在這裡的意思不是包括,而是遏制。
未完待續...
📰 全文請至
https://reurl.cc/mngeKG
📰 作者
Andrew Restuccia and William Mauldin
📰 訂閱請至
https://bit.ly/3j82Q3W
💁🏻♂️ 每日多了解一些國際時事,豐富您的世界觀,邊看新聞邊學英語,語言能力更上一層樓!
👇🏻底下點👍 + 留言👇🏻
#拓展國際視野來抽世界明信片
🎊上則貼文中獎名單
📮 翁秀雯
📮 Kitty Shu
📮 Rica Ong
(請私訊您的真實姓名 + 電話+地址,之前得過明信片的學員請告知國家,避免重複)
(集滿十張明信片,英語學習書籍送給您!有三位粉絲已達標囉!)
🎁 領獎期限: 07/26 20:00
target at用法 在 GitHub - chimurai/http-proxy-middleware 的推薦與評價
options.target: target host to proxy to. (protocol + host). options.changeOrigin: for virtual hosted sites. see full list of http-proxy-middleware ... ... <看更多>
target at用法 在 YouTube Data API Overview - Google for Developers 的推薦與評價
Introduction
This document is intended for developers who want to write applications that interact with YouTube. It explains basic concepts of YouTube and of the API itself. It also provides an overview of the different functions that the API supports.
Before you startYou need a Google Account to access the Google API Console, request an API key, and register your application.
Create a project in the Google Developers Console and obtain authorization credentials so your application can submit API requests.
After creating your project, make sure the YouTube Data API is one of the services that your application is registered to use:
Go to the API Console and select the project that you just registered.
Visit the Enabled APIs page.
In the list of APIs, make sure the status is ON for the YouTube Data API v3.
If your application will use any API methods that require user authorization, read the authentication guide to learn how to implement OAuth 2.0 authorization.
Select a client library to simplify your API implementation.
Familiarize yourself with the core concepts of the JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) data format. JSON is a common, language-independent data format that provides a simple text representation of arbitrary data structures. For more information, see json.org.
Resources and resource types
A resource is an individual data entity with a unique identifier. The table below describes the different types of resources that you can interact with using the API.
Resources
activity
Contains information about an action that a particular user has taken on the YouTube site. User actions that are reported in activity feeds include rating a video, sharing a video, marking a video as a favorite, and posting a channel bulletin, among others.
channel
Contains information about a single YouTube channel.
channelBanner
Identifies the URL to use to set a newly uploaded image as the banner image for a channel.
channelSection
Contains information about a set of videos that a channel has chosen to feature. For example, a section could feature a channel's latest uploads, most popular uploads, or videos from one or more playlists.
guideCategory
Identifies a category that YouTube associates with channels based on their content or other indicators, such as popularity. Guide categories seek to organize channels in a way that makes it easier for YouTube users to find the content they're looking for. While channels could be associated with one or more guide categories, they are not guaranteed to be in any guide categories.
i18nLanguage
Identifies an application language that the YouTube website supports. The application language can also be referred to as a UI language.
i18nRegion
Identifies a geographic area that a YouTube user can select as the preferred content region. The content region can also be referred to as a content locale.
playlist
Represents a single YouTube playlist. A playlist is a collection of videos that can be viewed sequentially and shared with other users.
playlistItem
Identifies a resource, such as a video, that is part of a playlist. The playlistItem resource also contains details that explain how the included resource is used in the playlist.
search result
Contains information about a YouTube video, channel, or playlist that matches the search parameters specified in an API request. While a search result points to a uniquely identifiable resource, like a video, it does not have its own persistent data.
subscription
Contains information about a YouTube user subscription. A subscription notifies a user when new videos are added to a channel or when another user takes one of several actions on YouTube, such as uploading a video, rating a video, or commenting on a video.
thumbnail
Identifies thumbnail images associated with a resource.
video
Represents a single YouTube video.
videoCategory
Identifies a category that has been or could be associated with uploaded videos.
watermark
Identifies an image that displays during playbacks of a specified channel's videos. The channel owner can also specify a target channel to which the image links as well as timing details that determine when the watermark appears during video playbacks and then length of time it is visible.
Note that, in many cases, a resource contains references to other resources. For example, a playlistItem
resource's snippet.resourceId.videoId
property identifies a video resource that, in turn, contains complete information about the video. As another example, a search result contains either a videoId
, playlistId
, or channelId
property that identifies a particular video, playlist, or channel resource.
The following table shows the most common methods that the API supports. Some resources also support other methods that perform functions more specific to those resources. For example, the videos.rate
method associates a user rating with a video, and the thumbnails.set
method uploads a video thumbnail image to YouTube and associates it with a video.
Operations
list
Retrieves (
GET
) a list of zero or more resources.insert
Creates (
POST
) a new resource.update
Modifies (
PUT
) an existing resource to reflect data in your request.delete
Removes (
DELETE
) a specific resource.The API currently supports methods to list each of the supported resource types, and it supports write operations for many resources as well.
The table below identifies the operations that are supported for different types of resources. Operations that insert, update, or delete resources always require user authorization. In some cases, list
methods support both authorized and unauthorized requests, where unauthorized requests only retrieve public data while authorized requests can also retrieve information about or private to the currently authenticated user.
Supported Operations
list
insert
update
delete
activity
caption
channel
channelBanner
channelSection
comment
commentThread
guideCategory
i18nLanguage
i18nRegion
playlist
playlistItem
search result
subscription
thumbnail
video
videoCategory
watermark
Quota usage
The YouTube Data API uses a quota to ensure that developers use the service as intended and do not create applications that unfairly reduce service quality or limit access for others. All API requests, including invalid requests, incur at least a one-point quota cost. You can find the quota available to your application in the API Console.
Projects that enable the YouTube Data API have a default quota allocation of 10,000 units per day, an amount sufficient for the overwhelming majority of our API users. Default quota, which is subject to change, helps us optimize quota allocations and scale our infrastructure in a way that is more meaningful to our API users. You can see your quota usage on the Quotas page in the API Console.
Note: If you reach the quota limit, you can request additional quota by
completing the Quota extension
request form for YouTube API Services.
Google calculates your quota usage by assigning a cost to each request. Different types of
operations have different quota costs. For example:
A read operation that retrieves a list of resources -- channels, videos, playlists -- usually
costs 1 unit.
A write operation that creates, updates, or deletes a resource usually has costs
50
units.A search request costs
100
units.A video upload costs
1600
units.The Quota costs for API requests table shows the
quota cost of each API method. With these rules in mind, you can estimate the number of requests
that your application could send per day without exceeding your quota.
The API allows, and actually requires, the retrieval of partial resources so that applications avoid transferring, parsing, and storing unneeded data. This approach also ensures that the API uses network, CPU, and memory resources more efficiently.
The API supports two request parameters, which are explained in the following sections, that enable you to identify the resource properties that should be included in API responses.
The part
parameter identifies groups of properties that should be returned for a resource.
The fields
parameter filters the API response to only return specific properties within the requested resource parts.
part
parameterThe part
parameter is a required parameter for any API request that retrieves or returns a resource. The parameter identifies one or more top-level (non-nested) resource properties that should be included in an API response. For example, a video
resource has the following parts:
snippet
contentDetails
fileDetails
player
processingDetails
recordingDetails
statistics
status
suggestions
topicDetails
All of these parts are objects that contain nested properties, and you can think of these objects as groups of metadata fields that the API server might (or might not) retrieve. As such, the part
parameter requires you to select the resource components that your application actually uses. This requirement serves two key purposes:
It reduces latency by preventing the API server from spending time retrieving metadata fields that your application doesn't use.
It reduces bandwidth usage by reducing (or eliminating) the amount of unnecessary data that your application might retrieve.
Over time, as resources add more parts, these benefits will only increase since your application will not be requesting newly introduced properties that it doesn't support.
How to use thefields
parameterThe fields
parameter filters the API response, which only contains the resource parts identified in the part
parameter value, so that the response only includes a specific set of fields. The fields
parameter lets you remove nested properties from an API response and thereby further reduce your bandwidth usage. (The part
parameter cannot be used to filter nested properties from a response.)
The following rules explain the supported syntax for the fields
parameter value, which is loosely based on XPath syntax:
Use a comma-separated list (fields=a,b
) to select multiple fields.
Use an asterisk (fields=*
) as a wildcard to identify all fields.
Use parentheses (fields=a(b,c)
) to specify a group of nested properties that will be included in the API response.
Use a forward slash (fields=a/b
) to identify a nested property.
In practice, these rules often allow several different fields
parameter values to retrieve the same API response. For example, if you want to retrieve the playlist item ID, title, and position for every item in a playlist, you could use any of the following values:
fields=items/id,playlistItems/snippet/title,playlistItems/snippet/position
fields=items(id,snippet/title,snippet/position)
fields=items(id,snippet(title,position))
Note: As with all query parameter values, the fields
parameter value must be URL encoded. For better readability, the examples in this document omit the encoding.
The examples below demonstrate how you can use the part
and fields
parameters to ensure that API responses only include the data that your application uses:
Example 1 returns a video resource that includes four parts as well as
kind
and etag
properties.Example 2 returns a video resource that includes two parts as well as
kind
and etag
properties.Example 3 returns a video resource that includes two parts but excludes
kind
and etag
properties.Example 4 returns a video resource that includes two parts but excludes
kind
and etag
as well as some nested properties in the resource's snippet
object.Example 1
URL: https://www.googleapis.com/youtube/v3/videos?id=7lCDEYXw3mM&key=YOUR_API_KEY
&part=snippet,contentDetails,statistics,statusDescription: This example retrieves avideo
resource and identifies several
resource parts that should be included in the API response.API response:
{
"kind": "youtube#videoListResponse",
"etag": "\"UCBpFjp2h75_b92t44sqraUcyu0/sDAlsG9NGKfr6v5AlPZKSEZdtqA\"",
"videos": [
{
"id": "7lCDEYXw3mM",
"kind": "youtube#video",
"etag": "\"UCBpFjp2h75_b92t44sqraUcyu0/iYynQR8AtacsFUwWmrVaw4Smb_Q\"",
"snippet": {
"publishedAt": "2012-06-20T22:45:24.000Z",
"channelId": "UC_x5XG1OV2P6uZZ5FSM9Ttw",
"title": "Google I/O 101: Q&A On Using Google APIs",
"description": "Antonio Fuentes speaks to us and takes questions on working with Google APIs and OAuth 2.0.",
"thumbnails": {
"default": {
"url": "https://i.ytimg.com/vi/7lCDEYXw3mM/default.jpg"
},
"medium": {
"url": "https://i.ytimg.com/vi/7lCDEYXw3mM/mqdefault.jpg"
},
"high": {
"url": "https://i.ytimg.com/vi/7lCDEYXw3mM/hqdefault.jpg"
}
},
"categoryId": "28"
},
"contentDetails": {
"duration": "PT15M51S",
"aspectRatio": "RATIO_16_9"
},
"statistics": {
"viewCount": "3057",
"likeCount": "25",
"dislikeCount": "0",
"favoriteCount": "17",
"commentCount": "12"
},
"status": {
"uploadStatus": "STATUS_PROCESSED",
"privacyStatus": "PRIVACY_PUBLIC"
}
}
]
}
Example 2
URL: https://www.googleapis.com/youtube/v3/videos?id=7lCDEYXw3mM&key=YOUR_API_KEY
&part=snippet,statisticsDescription: This example modifies thepart
parameter value so that the
contentDetails
andstatus
properties are not included
in the response.API response:
{
"kind": "youtube#videoListResponse",
"etag": "\"UCBpFjp2h75_b92t44sqraUcyu0/sDAlsG9NGKfr6v5AlPZKSEZdtqA\"",
"videos": [
{
"id": "7lCDEYXw3mM",
"kind": "youtube#video",
"etag": "\"UCBpFjp2h75_b92t44sqraUcyu0/iYynQR8AtacsFUwWmrVaw4Smb_Q\"",
"snippet": {
"publishedAt": "2012-06-20T22:45:24.000Z",
"channelId": "UC_x5XG1OV2P6uZZ5FSM9Ttw",
"title": "Google I/O 101: Q&A On Using Google APIs",
"description": "Antonio Fuentes speaks to us and takes questions on working with Google APIs and OAuth 2.0.",
"thumbnails": {
"default": {
"url": "https://i.ytimg.com/vi/7lCDEYXw3mM/default.jpg"
},
"medium": {
"url": "https://i.ytimg.com/vi/7lCDEYXw3mM/mqdefault.jpg"
},
"high": {
"url": "https://i.ytimg.com/vi/7lCDEYXw3mM/hqdefault.jpg"
}
},
"categoryId": "28"
},
"statistics": {
"viewCount": "3057",
"likeCount": "25",
"dislikeCount": "0",
"favoriteCount": "17",
"commentCount": "12"
}
}
]
}
Example 3
URL: https://www.googleapis.com/youtube/v3/videos?id=7lCDEYXw3mM&key=YOUR_API_KEY
&part=snippet,statistics&fields=items(id,snippet,statistics)Description: This example adds thefields
parameter to remove all
kind
andetag
properties from the API response.API response:
{
"videos": [
{
"id": "7lCDEYXw3mM",
"snippet": {
"publishedAt": "2012-06-20T22:45:24.000Z",
"channelId": "UC_x5XG1OV2P6uZZ5FSM9Ttw",
"title": "Google I/O 101: Q&A On Using Google APIs",
"description": "Antonio Fuentes speaks to us and takes questions on working with Google APIs and OAuth 2.0.",
"thumbnails": {
"default": {
"url": "https://i.ytimg.com/vi/7lCDEYXw3mM/default.jpg"
},
"medium": {
"url": "https://i.ytimg.com/vi/7lCDEYXw3mM/mqdefault.jpg"
},
"high": {
"url": "https://i.ytimg.com/vi/7lCDEYXw3mM/hqdefault.jpg"
}
},
"categoryId": "28"
},
"statistics": {
"viewCount": "3057",
"likeCount": "25",
"dislikeCount": "0",
"favoriteCount": "17",
"commentCount": "12"
}
}
]
}
Example 4
URL: https://www.googleapis.com/youtube/v3/videos?id=7lCDEYXw3mM&key=YOUR_API_KEY
&fields=items(id,snippet(channelId,title,categoryId),statistics)&part=snippet,statisticsDescription: This example modifies thefields
parameter from example 3
so that in the API response, each video resource'ssnippet
object only includes thechannelId
,title
,
andcategoryId
properties.API response:
{
"videos": [
{
"id": "7lCDEYXw3mM",
"snippet": {
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Optimizing performance
Using ETags
ETags, a standard part of the HTTP protocol, allow applications to refer to a specific version of a particular API resource. The resource could be an entire feed or an item in that feed. This functionality supports the following use cases:
Caching and conditional retrieval – Your application can cache API resources and their ETags. Then, when your application requests a stored resource again, it specifies the ETag associated with that resource. If the resource has changed, the API returns the modified resource and the ETag associated with that version of the resource. If the resource has not changed, the API returns an HTTP 304 response (Not Modified
), which indicates that the resource has not changed. Your application can reduce latency and bandwidth usage by serving cached resources in this manner.
The client libraries for Google APIs differ in their support of ETags. For example, the JavaScript client library supports ETags via a whitelist for allowed request headers that includes If-Match
and If-None-Match
. The whitelist allows normal browser caching to occur so that if a resource's ETag has not changed, the resource can be served from the browser cache. The Obj-C client, on the other hand, does not support ETags.
Protecting against inadvertent overwrites of changes – ETags help to ensure that multiple API clients don't inadvertently overwrite each other's changes. When updating or deleting a resource, your application can specify the resource's ETag. If the ETag doesn't match the most recent version of that resource, then the API request fails.
Using ETags in your application provides several benefits:
The API responds more quickly to requests for cached but unchanged resources, yielding lower latency and lower bandwidth usage.Your application will not inadvertently overwrite changes to a resource that were made from another API client.
The Google APIs Client Library for JavaScript supports If-Match
and If-None-Match
HTTP request headers, thereby enabling ETags to work within the context of normal browser caching.
Using gzip
You can also reduce the bandwidth needed for each API response by enabling gzip compression. While your application will need additional CPU time to uncompress API responses, the benefit of consuming fewer network resources usually outweighs that cost.
To receive a gzip-encoded response you must do two things:
Set the Accept-Encoding
HTTP request header to gzip
.
Modify your user agent to contain the string gzip
.
The sample HTTP headers below demonstrate these requirements for enabling gzip compression:
Accept-Encoding: gzip
User-Agent: my program (gzip)
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