長賜輪在蘇伊士運河擱淺後,綜合外電報導的省思:極限邊緣的船舶操縱,科學與安全之間給”人的反應”留下多少”餘裕空間?
航行員都知道:在有限水域中的船舶操縱與大洋中的船舶操縱有極大的差別,也因此而產生一些”異常反應”的專有名詞,譬如:淺水效應,岸吸/岸推,船體下坐(Squat),狗頭嗅地(Dog smelling),單俥右旋船在淺水區倒俥時之船頭可能向左,主要的原因都是來自船舶四周的海水,來不及湧入去填補船艉所造成之空穴.
也因為這個緣故,Suez Canal當局對過河船隻有一些船寬,吃水,速度上的限制.基於經濟上的考慮,可以想像這些限制都是在”水工模型”下最大化的尺度界線.(越大的船過河費越貴),然而這些都是理想環境下的科學論證,實際上船舶操縱者的精神狀態,駕駛台的氣氛環境,外界視線,無線電之干擾,Marlboro菸未如預期,住艙走廊上”波斯市場”的氛圍….都在影響著”駕駛台資源管理(BRM)”,而使得船舶之實際Performance遊走在”紅線”邊緣,更糟的是一但越過紅線(Point of non-return),情況就越來越糟,猶如在山脊上騎腳踏車.
這次的重大意外,在檢討”船舶因素”之外,蘇伊士運河當局也應該重新考慮”紅線邊緣的緩衝區”是否應適度放寬,以因應船舶無止境的大型化,因應極端氣候下的異常天氣,因應新世代船員之特性,另外也可考慮在駕駛台放一箱Marlboro,讓有需要的人看自己包包大小量力自取,畢竟比起全球供應鏈上的損失,這都是微不足道的”潤滑油”.不是嗎?
The Suez Canal Authority occasionally brings out updated tables of width and acceptable draft for ships. Currently the permissible limits for suezmax ships are 20.1 m (66 ft) of draught with the beam no wider than 50 m (164.0 ft), or 12.2 m (40 ft) of draught with maximum allowed beam of 77.5 m (254 ft). Due to their design and size, a large number of ports around the world can accommodate suezmax vessels.
17,65 56,96
, a new set is being built for vessels as large as 366 meters in length, 49 meters in beam and 15.2 meters in draft at tropical frvessel.
That would have surpassed the speed limit of about 7.6 knots (8.7 miles an hour) to 8.6 knots that is listed as the maximum speed vessels are “allowed to transit” through the canal, according to the Suez authority’s rules of navigation handbook posted on its website. Captains interviewed for this story said it can pay to increase the speed in the face of a strong wind to maneuver the ship better.
“Speeding up to a certain point is effective,” said Chris Gillard, who was captain of a 300-meter container ship that crossed the Suez monthly for nearly a decade until 2019. “More than that and it becomes counter effective because the bow will get sucked down deep into the water. Then, adding too much power does nothing but exacerbate the problem.”
“You might find yourself positioning the ship in one direction, and you’re actually moving in another direction,” said Kinsey. “There’s a very fine line between having enough speed to maneuver and not having too much speed that the air and hydrodynamics become unstable. Any deviation can get real bad real quick because it’s so tight.”
The accident will be a missed opportunity if the industry doesn’t adapt, he said. “There will be vessels larger than this one that will be going through the Suez,” he said. “The next incident will be worse.”
• The Ever Given's speed was 13.5 knots before it ran aground, The Japan Times reported.
•
• Bloomberg reported the Suez Canal speed limit was between 7.6 knots and 8.6 knots.
The Ever Given didn't have a tugboat escort through the canal, according to Bloomberg. The two ships immediately ahead of it reportedly had escorts, although such escorts were not required.
the story of an hour大意 在 [試題] 102下王沐嵐文學作品讀法下期中考- 看板NTU-Exam 的推薦與評價
課程名稱︰文學作品讀法下
課程性質︰外文系一年級必修
課程教師︰王沐嵐
開課學院：文學院
開課系所︰外國語文學系
考試日期（年月日）︰103.4.14
考試時限（分鐘）：120分鐘
是否需發放獎勵金：是
（如未明確表示，則不予發放）
試題 :
[原試題中若干錯字在此處已修正，不另加註]
[部分題末加註選文出處以利辨識，原試題未附]
I. True or False: Answer with a "T" if you think the statement is true or an
"F" if you don't. [2% each]
1. When she sees her husband, Josephine dies of shock rather than
happiness. [Kate Chopin: "The Story of an Hour"]
2. Montresor is an unreliable narrator because he drinks too much.
[Edgar Allan Poe: "The Cask of Amontillado"]
3. Lantin's desire to jump over a statue of Napoleon reflects his
extraordinary joy. [Guy de Maupassant: "The Jewelry"]
4. Unlike Sammy or Stokesie, McMahon reacts ungentlemanly towards the
girls when he first sees them. [John Updike: "A & P"]
5. At the end of the forty-day fast, the young ladies selected to help the
Hunger Artist are for show only because the impresario knows that they
will be largely useless in assisting the Artist to the table.
[Franz Kafka: "A Hunger Artist"]
6. For some reason, the Thing withdraws from the full moon.
[A. S. Byatt: "The Thing in the Forest"]
7. At the end of the story, June May finally accepts her mother's quirks
and flaws by using the phrase "let it go" grammatically.
[Amy Tan: "A Pair of Tickets"]
8. In both "The Shabbat" and "A Pair of Tickets" an artefact is used to
signal family presence during a time of military conflict. In the
former, it is an American doll, while it is a bracelet in the latter.
II. Multiple Choice: Choose the most suitable answer for each of the following
questions. [2% each]
1. What about the protagonist's mother in "A Pair of Tickets" is untrue?
a) Her name can mean "Long-Cherished Wish."
b) Her name can mean "Long-Held Grudge."
c) The twins share the word "Spring" in their names.
d) "June May" is named in the memory of her sisters.
2. Which of the following is untrue?
a) Stokesie has a wife and two kids. ["A & P"]
b) Barbara Ansley is Grace Ansley's daughter.
[Edith Wharton: "Roman Fever"]
c) Amontillado is a variety of Sherry. ["The Cask of Amontillado"]
d) Alida Slade uses knitting as a shield. ["Roman Fever"]
3. Which is not an issue to the hunger artist? ["A Hunger Artist"]
a) The smell and sound of birds and animals.
b) The limit of forty days set on his fast.
c) Meat being and carried past his cage.
d) The glaring flashlight of persistent watchers.
4. Which of the following is not a foil for the protagonist(s) in its
perspective narrative?
a) Babs. ["Roman Fever"]
b) Stokesie. ["A & P"]
c) The impresario. ["A Hunger Artist"]
d) Goethe. [Jorge Luis Borges: "The Garden of Forking Paths"]
III. Fill in the Blank: Fill in the word(s) missing in each of the following
lines. [2% each]
1. _____ is the author of a piece of melodramatic fiction that is almost
entirely set on a restaurant over looking the Palatine.
2. _____ wrote a story in the every day setting of a supermarket store.
3. _____ is the author of a story in which a dedicated performer who ends
up in a circus cage.
4. _____ wrote "A Pair of Tickets" based on issues she [felt about her
ethnicity.][此處文字脫漏，僅記載大意]
5. Yu Tsun is the protagonist in a magic realism fiction written by _____.
6. _____ is best known for his Nobel Prize in Literature and his novel,
"The Old Man and the Sea."
7. _____ is the author of a micro fiction that powerfully express the
predicaments of women in the late nineteenth century.
8. _____ is an American poet and novelist. His style is mainly considered
to be gothic in both genres, and this is fully reflected in his most
well-known poem, "The Raven."
IV. Definition: Provide the following literary terms with a suitable definition
in one or two sentences. [5% each]
1. Exposition.
2. Memento Mori. [Latin]
3. Irony.
4. Metonymy.
V. Short Essay Questions: For each question, answer in English sentences in
50-100 words. [10% each]
1. Explain the role of the barkeeper in "Hills Like White Elephants."
[Ernest Hemingway: "Hills Like White Elephants"]
2. Discuss "The Garden of Forking Paths" in terms of the two historical
works (Liddell Hart's "History of World War I" & the "Annals" of
Tacitus).
3. How would you interpret Sammy's decision to quit his job? Does the act
have any value or significance? ["A & P"]
4. Is the Thing in the forest real or not? Why (cite your evidence and
examples from the text)?
===
前三大題參考解答：
I. 1. F 2. F 3. T 4. F 5. T 6. T 7. F 8. F
II. 1. b. 2. d. 3. d. 4. d.
III. 1. Edith Wharton 5. Jorge Luis Borges
2. John Updike 6. Ernest Hemingway
3. Franz Kafka 7. Kate Chopin
4. Amy Tan 8. Edgar Allan Poe
--
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※ 編輯: rogerliu84 (140.112.7.214), 04/21/2014 13:36:40
※ 編輯: rogerliu84 (140.112.7.214), 04/21/2014 13:39:15
※ 編輯: rogerliu84 (140.112.242.174), 04/21/2014 20:26:25
※ 編輯: rogerliu84 (140.112.242.174), 04/21/2014 20:27:39
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