【還原「物業帶動鐵路」的歷史時空】 #永續港鐵霸權 #7月專研
港鐵霸權一大核心就是長期壟斷「鐵路上蓋物業發展權」,今時今日香港土地問題走到如斯局面,與經常被吹噓為「國際成功模式」的「鐵路加物業」(Rail + Property) 不無關係,但服務大眾的鐵路公司搖身一變成為追求利潤的發展商,絕對不是一夕間發生的合理事情。「鐵路上蓋物業」的原意又與今日有沒有變化? 是次研究專題將會透過回顧過上千頁有關香港地下鐵發展的英國解密檔案,還原70年代「物業帶動鐵路」發展模式的源起及原意,將有助進一步理解現時逐漸扭曲的港鐵發展形態。
▌構思初現:初期鐵路物業的背景與概念
「以地養鐵」更早可以在日本找到相類似發展模式 (Murakami, J., & Gregory, K. I.,2012),然而最早「引進」香港的來源暫不可考。但從現有官方內部檔案中,可找到早於1970年交通諮詢委員會 (Transport Advisory Committee)提交的一份《集體運輸計劃總報告書》,報告中建議除了計劃興建已設計的4條鐵路路線,並分9期(nine distinct stages) 完成「理想」鐵路系統(preferred system)外,已有提及「發展上蓋物業」的構思。在報告提及鐵路系統的長期發展影響:
”Wherever subway systems have been built experience shows that property and land increase in value. This opens up the strong possibility that a part of the cost of providing station concourses could be met through arrangements which permit the private development of station superstructures and surrounds.”
當年報告所述,由於預視到鐵路系統的帶動下,當地物業及地價將會升值。因而報告提到有很大可能可以容許私人發展 (private development) 上蓋物業去補貼鐵路站的建設成本。值得注意的是,報告除了提出上蓋 (station superstructures)發展外,首次提到發展上蓋周邊 (surrounds) 的發展概念。可見,現時港鐵圈地/上蓋物業發展一早出現在早期鐵路系統構思之中。
70年代還有差點讓鐵路系統觸礁的財政艱難,更清晰定位鐵路中的「物業收益」有何功能。參考早期關於興建鐵路系統的英國解密檔案顯示,早於1972年,香港政府成立集體運輸臨時管理局(Mass Transit Railway Provisional Authority),打算先行興建較全面、工程單一批予日資財團(Japanese consortium)的早期系統(initial system),但後來石油危機爆發,日本經濟陷入危機,財團先是提出可否修訂興建成本價格上限由50億為60億,遭到管理局拒絕後則宣佈退出鐵路興建,檔案中可看到港英政府曾一度為此而與日資財團就賠償爭執,甚至有香港主要大班 (怡和除外) 都因財政理由反對繼續推展興建鐵路計劃。
當年港英內部評估1980年代交通系統會超負荷,即使鐵路系統已被日資延遲一年(have effectively delayed the MTR project for 12 months),連帶物料通賬的財政問題,但卻認為必須「頂硬上」,調整鐵路系統的財政預算、規模以及未來發展方向,於是臨急推出後來實現的修正早期系統 (Modified Initial System)。在1975年一份關於修正早期系統行政局內部文件,港英將會排除必要鐵路系統以外的多餘支出 (eliminate all expenditures not strictly necessary for resultant simpler system),不僅使整個鐵路規模「大縮水」,同時更建議以溢價債卷(Premium bond)作為融資措施,以及發展沿線上蓋物業(property development on lines)抵消(offset)財赤,皆為確保(safeguard)鐵路在任何情況下的財政可負擔性(the financial viability in any event),讓減少後規模的總興建成本能夠保持於49億的水平。可見,當初「鐵路加物業」發展的概念是在財政大緊縮的特定歷史脈絡生成,目的為防止鐵路興建所帶來財政不穩定情況的其中一法。
▌立業辟地:港鐵上蓋四小龍
直到1975年,為了確保鐵路系統的財政可負擔性以及應急儲備,集體運輸臨時管理局向政府申請批出四個鐵路上蓋物業的綜合發展權(comprehensive development)。而當時行政局內部討論中,一份十分詳細記錄有關批予集體運輸臨時管理局四個上蓋發展權的行政局文件顯示,最早期物業上蓋發展的具體情況:
—九龍灣車廠上蓋物業(現時德福花園):
當時除了作為首個利用鐵路車廠上蓋作物業發展的項目,而且亦成為物業上蓋住宅發展的先例,佔地165,800平方呎,打算興建大型屋苑,滿足18,000個人口的住宅需求。
—亞皆老站(即現今旺角站)上蓋物業(現時旺角中心第一期):
首個非鐵路站上蓋作物業發展,只是相鄰於(adjacent to) 鐵路站,為首個利用鐵路通風樓(ventilation shaft)的物業發展。
—金鐘站上蓋物業(現時海富中心):
佔地60,000平方呎的海富中心,當時金鐘站上蓋物業批地條例原來有列明非工業用途,包括興建酒店(non-industrial purposes which may include a hotel)。
—畢打/遮打站(即現今中環站)上蓋物業(Pedder/Chater)(現時環球中心):
當時批中環商業靚地予鐵路公司的理據明顯為商業利益最大化(maximum exploitation of the commercial possibilities),一來可以善用土地資源(物業建於鐵路站上蓋),二來物業及鐵路站同時興建,可以減少工程興建時發展阻礙(development disturbance)。
其後地鐵公司分別與恆隆、合和、長實多間發展商共合發展上述四個上蓋物業,作為「鐵路加物業」發展模式的雛型,當時內部估計以上物業收入將會佔地鐵公司總收益的20%。當年批出九龍灣車廠上蓋物業上公頃的市區發展土地,整體政府部門都相當歡迎,認為可以平衡當區公屋主導的房屋格局,與及能夠為該區提供額外設施的機會,甚至具體要求屋苑內有至少10戶1車位的發展條件 (XCC(75)52)。此四幅最早批出的上蓋物業發展,從通風樓到車廠、由單一大廈到綜合發展,已是奠定了日後鐵路物業發展的主要選址方式與發展類型。
▌誰主上蓋物業?
這份行政局文件亦載有早期鐵路用地發展權的重要批地原則(principles to be adopted in respect to land grant to Mass Transmit Railway Corporation),是還原物業上蓋發展歷史一份重要參照。文件清楚列出,上蓋物業不一定是地鐵公司「囊中物」,鐵路物業發展權是否批出,或批給誰,完全是政府「話事」 (the grant of comprehensive development rights on land affected by railway installations will be discretionary)。
文件亦同時指出,程序上地鐵公司需要先向政府申請(formally apply)批地,政府可以基於實際考慮 (practical consideration) 決定如何運用這些鐵路上蓋用地的發展潛力 (for government to decide on how to dispose of any development potential remaining in the land over and above its Mass Transit usage) 。換言之,港鐵的上蓋發展絕對可以由政府主導及決定,包括根據現時的實際考慮(公營房屋供應長期落後及不足)用作興建公屋,不一定用於與發展商合作興建私樓供港鐵公司利潤最大化。
▌物業收益應急而起
70年代尾,鐵路系統打算擴建至荃灣區。翻查1978年有關鐵路擴建荃灣(Mass Transit Railway extension to Tsuen Wan)的行政局文件顯示,當時除了提及車廠上蓋物業發展的選址爭議外,亦有提及港英對發展上蓋物業的財政原則。物業發展的收入原本並不用作補貼鐵路成本 (revenue from property development was not originally envisaged as being used as a means of financing the capital cost of the railway itself),而是作為應急儲備及改善現金流(contingency reserve and to improve its cash flow)。而且更補充荃灣車廠上蓋物業發展的剩餘收入,可以用作應對以下4個應急情況:
—抵消「超支」建築成本(offset any excess construction costs)
—抵消收入財赤(offset any revenue deficiencies)
—加速還債(accelerate loan repayments)
—提早鐵路公司對港英政府的投資分股息的日子(bring forward the date when the Corporation begins to pay the Government as share holder on behalf of the public dividends on its investment)
可見,港英多次強調,鐵路上蓋物業收入為確保財政可負擔性(viability)及應急(contingency),而非像現時政府愈來愈恆常化送地予港鐵興建私樓賺錢。
引述法國城市學者Aveline-Dubach整理地鐵公司至其後港鐵自1980至2016年收入可見,明顯看見90年代末東涌綫及其後的將軍澳線所帶動的物業發展收入比例愈來愈重,已經超越鐵路票務收入,現時每年物業收益足足佔港鐵總收入四成。可見,透過重現當初的批地原意,更能突顯漸走向扭曲的港鐵發展形態,形成尾大不掉之勢。
▌賣樓補車費:明言物業發展利潤補貼車費
港鐵不應用上蓋物業賺盡的討論,亦見於地下鐵路公司條例的立法階段的重要討論。一份1975年討論地下鐵路公司草案(Mass Transit Railway Corporation Bill)的行政局文件,提及鐵路公司需要按照審慎商業原則 (prudent commercial principles)。鐵路作為公共交通工具,不應最大化其投資回報 (maximize its return on investment),只應賺取足夠(enough)收入作營運開支。
文件亦可見當年政府就發展上蓋物業項目的收益,會清晰公開回應指物業發展可為鐵路帶來的額外利潤,以維持一個「保守的車費政策」 (assist the railway by providing extra revenue to maintain a conservative fares policy)。比起今天已經與物業收益「脫勾」的「可加可減」車費制度,當日港英政府明顯認為物業收益有助更平宜的車費定價。
在40多年前的歷史時空,當初「鐵路加物業」發展模式跟現時已經不可同日而語,發展上蓋物業不論就其發展型態、財政狀況、規劃模式、補貼原意,明顯有其特定的歷史脈絡及原意。是次研究專題透過還原早期興建地鐵的歷史討論,帶出現時不斷被政府吹奏作為「國際級典範」—港鐵發展模式,並不是一套千秋萬世的發展方程式。
參考資料
1971 FCO 40 358 Construction of an underground railway system in Hong Kong
1975 FCO 40 658 Construction of an underground railway system in Hong Kong
1975 FCO 40 659 Construction of an underground railway system in Hong Kong
1975 FCO 40 660 Construction of an underground railway system in Hong Kong
1978 FCO 40 974 Construction of an underground railway system in Hong Kong
Aveline-Dubach, N., & Blandeau, G. (2019). The political economy of transit value capture: The changing business model of the MTRC in Hong Kong. Urban Studies, 56(16), 3415-3431.
Murakami, J., & Gregory, K. I. (2012). Transit value capture: New town codevelopment models and land market updates in Tokyo and Hong Kong. Value capture and land policies, 285-320.
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สรุปเรื่อง Japan Airlines ฟื้นหลังล้มละลาย ได้อย่างไร? แบบเข้าใจง่ายๆ /โดย ลงทุนแมน
ถ้าบริษัทเรามีหนี้สินกว่า 690,000 ล้านบาท และกำลังจะล้มละลาย
เราคงถูกมองว่าบ้า ถ้าไปเอาคนที่ไม่มีประสบการณ์ในธุรกิจนั้นมาแก้ปัญหา
แต่เมื่อ 10 ปีก่อน ตอนที่สายการบิน Japan Airlines ใกล้จะล้มละลาย...
Continue ReadingHow does Japan Airlines revive after bankruptcy? Easy to understand / Invest manly
If our company has more than 690,000 million baht debt and is going bankrupt.
We would be considered crazy if we went to get someone who hasn't experienced in business to solve the problem.
But 10 years ago when Japan Airlines were going bankrupt.
Japanese government invites people who have no experience in aviation business to become CEO.
Why would the Japanese government make that decision?
And who was the one who solved the problem for Japan Airlines that day
Invest. Man will tell you about it
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First let's meet Japan Airlines first
Japan Airlines was founded in 1951 by the Japanese government to build Japan's airplane travel network after WWI ended.
First 3 years after Japan Airlines serving only in Japan.
Before 1954, Japan Airlines began to serve first international flights in Tokyo-Honolulu-San Francisco
Year 1961 Japan Airlines is listed on the Stock Exchange of Japan.
Year 1987 Japan Airlines was privatized from cuddle state enterprises into private companies to provide more agility and profitable capacity.
Japan Airlines has an advantage of many rival airlines as companies have lower loan costs than other airlines. The company not only loans to expand businesses easily, but also to sell tickets below many airlines to attract passengers to service.
But easy access to Japan Airlines funding source is like a double-edged sword because the company started to invest in hotel, resort, or mother, but tour company which is not about the core business of the company.
Japan Airlines employees say that one of the hotels in the USA that the company bought has full customers every year for 30 years. This hotel is not profitable for Japan Airlines..
And it seems that business risk distribution is not working on this airline.
As passengers start to decrease in economic conditions, as the competition in the airline business gradually increases disaster with companies.
Year 2009, the company experienced a financial crisis that it must go into a plan to restore bankruptcy. At that time, this airline has a total debt of 690,000 million baht more than Thai Airways debt. At the moment, it's almost 3 times more until the company's shares are taken Leaving the Japanese Stock Exchange in 2010
Of course, with this burden of debt, there will be no agency except government to help this airline from falling in front of the Japanese government. However, one of the caveats of the Japanese government after putting money is the top executive to run Japan Airlines must be the one who chooses the government. Come by myself only
For the reason the government said at that time, ′′ We must choose the right one first because it is very necessary to fix this airline's problem
Many people predict who is the one who will come to Kriti this time?
Finally, the minister of Japan's Ministry of Transport in those days invited was Mr. Kazuo Inamori, a 78 year old man at that time.
So who is this guy?
Mr. Kazuo Inamori is the founder of Kyocera, currently a multi-business company, electronic parts, office equipment, car parts, electric devices.
Interestingly, this is a profitable company every year since it was founded in 1959, so it's not strange that this guy is recognized as the ′′ father of corporate management
However.
Many questions come back from this decision of Japanese government and few people believe that inexperienced men in airline business can solve the heavy problems of this airline.
Other than that, your people around Kazuo Inamori tell him not to throw away his reputation with Japan Airlines. At this age, he better get some rest in peace.
But for Mr. Kazuo Inamori, he thinks that he needs to help this airline. If he let Japan Airlines fall, it will not only affect the country's economy, but also the appearance, confidence, including nearly 5 thousand companies employees who lose their jobs.
Many people may think that Kazuo Inamori must earn a very high salary to work as CEO to solve this airline crisis.
But actually his condition in getting this job is that he doesn't claim a single salary from Japan Airlines..
Problem he encounters after coming in is that there is a party divided by corporations. There is an internal political system.
Importantly, when he talks to the executives, the shocking number of people don't know how much money each flight department makes for the company.
So the first thing he does is to make everyone in the company know that in 1 years Japan Airlines will go bankrupt if everyone doesn't help each other and have to adjust the idea. Everyone is Japan Airlines. It's the highest service business not just the aviation business.
The one who will impress customers is the company employee.
So he has to make all levels of staff understand what he thinks by talking to the staff himself. Since the ticket salesman, the purse staff is not just the flight attendant.
He also uses Amoeba management system. That's a system that helps determine how much each department makes and how much it costs to work in each department.
When he knows something unnecessary, he cuts all those expenses, including non-profit flight routes.
In addition, the price tags of every product that the company bought so the deployed people will know how much the cost of each company is.
From your hard work, Kazuo Inamori made this airline from a loss of 19,000 million Baht in 2009 Japan Airlines began to profit in 2012 and made the company's shares back to be registered on the Japanese Stock Exchange again this year.
So what is the latest Japan Airlines performance?
Year 2017 Income 415,000 million baht. Profit 40,600 million baht.
Year 2018 Income 446,100 million baht. Profit 45,200 million baht.
Even this year, Japan Airlines should also be affected by the COVID-19 plague.
But going through obstacles and restoration of the organization in the past should help the company go through this crisis again.
And today Japan Airlines has a profit of accumulated over 247,000 million baht.
Currently, the value of Japan Airlines is equal to 191,000 million Baht. Our Thai Airways is about 19 times more..
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Follow and invest manly at
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References
-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan_Airlines
-https://www.jal.com/en/investor/highlight/
-https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/JAPSY?p=JAPSY
-https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/ALNPY/
-https://global.kyocera.com/inamori/profile/episode/episode10.html
-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyocera
-https://www.jal.com/en/investor/library/information/
-https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zpmX3BrLn-E
-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JW_Marriott_Essex_HouseTranslated
tokyo hotel cost 在 iiiNNO Taiwan Facebook 的最佳解答
#iiNNOStartupTour #一諾新創參訪 日本東京x福岡
## 目的 x 說明
透過七天六夜的參訪,團隊將在國際新創舞台 #SlushTokyo 中與國際新創圈交流、增加曝光率和尋找國際合作者、拓展市場的機會,並且我們也會計劃拜訪東京的VC;在福岡將接觸當地新創生態圈的關鍵人物們包含政府資源,透過國際合作和參訪當地新創圈夥伴,新創團隊將掌握日本的市場資訊,並更精準的評估自我需求與未來發展方向。
.
Through the Startup Tour, startup teams will be exposed to the international startup exhibition-SLUSH in Tokyo, in which will have plenty opportunities to interact with international investors and collaborators who are looking for good product or service, and we also plan to do some VC visit. In Fukuoka, startup teams will meet there startup ecosystem’s key mans and include government resources. With international cooperation and startup ecosystem visit in Tokyo and Fukuoka, startup teams will have the full market information of Japan and more precisely evaluate the need and future development plan.
## 說明會
如果想了解更多的訊息,歡迎參加我們2/26(一)晚上的創新實驗室的活動唷~~當天我們除了原本的活動外還會稍微說明及介紹一下這次的Startup Tour Japan, 還邀請了目前有在日本發展的新創團隊Toii來跟我們分享與日本合作夥伴的經驗唷~~
活動傳送門 https://www.facebook.com/events/1590159757740437/
## Startup Tour 對象
• 對於進軍日本市場有興趣的新創團隊並打算3-6個月後申請日本創業簽證
• 目前正準備正在募資或打算拓展海外市場的新創團隊
• 想要在新創特區測試新服務的團隊
.
## Registration /報名:
https://pis.ee/iiinno-STJapan-2018
## Startup Tour 參訪資訊
• Date/參訪日期:
...3/27(二)-3/30(五)@Tokyo (3 day, flight from TPE to TYO on 27th)
...3/30(五)-4/01(日)@Fukuoka, (3 day, flight from TYO to FUK on 30th)
...4/02(一)@Taipei (1 day, flight from FUK to TPE)
• Schedule / 行程
Tokyo-
... (1) Join Slush Tokyo 2018
... (2) VC visit
... (3) Partner visit
Fukuoka-
.... (1) Fukuoka city hall visit
.... (2) Partner visit-Startup Café(一站式服務)、Startup GoGo(新創社群之一,擁有一個Co-Word Space叫Tenjin Color,由當地顧問服務及銀行服務業者組合成)
.... (3) FUKUOKA growth next visit(福岡將舊小學的校舍改建的新創聚落)
.... (4) Join 明星和樂 event
.... (5) Fukuoka ecosystem meetup event
.... (6) Co-Word Space(Tenjin Color)
.
## Cost /費用:
.... 66,000NT or 2,200US (Tax included) / 新台幣6.6萬元(含稅)
.
Cost Description /費用說明:
... Air tickets/機票: Taipei->Tokyo / Tokyo->Fukuoka/Fukuoka->Taipei)
... Hotel/住宿(6 night)
... Event Cost/場地費用 (Includes 2 event for location and food and promotion)
....Insurance 保險
.
## Discount / 優惠:
... (1) Early Bird Special: NT60,000 Pay NT6000 deposit before 3/4 (Tax included) / 3/4錢付訂金6000元,優惠價6萬
... (2) iiiNNO Team NT54,000 (Tax included) / iiiNNO的育成團隊 5.4萬元
.
***如果有任何特殊需求都可以私訊我們http://m.me/iiinno.tw或來信[email protected]主旨註明"2018 iiiNNO Startup Tour Japan"
.
押金: 新台幣1萬元(如參訪活動缺席押金將不退回,如遲到將扣押金5千元,參訪結束後回台押金全數退回)
Ps.
1-如機票住宿自理,管理服務費5萬(包含上述機票住宿以外費用)
2-iiiNNO保留更改活動內容&參訪地點的權力,所有的行程在出發前都有微調的可能性
tokyo hotel cost 在 MONGABONG Youtube 的最佳解答
I’ve been obsessed with True Beauty's Lim Ju-Kyeong’s makeup and styling that I decided to recreate this look for you guys! ? It's a super cute yet effortless, no makeup-makeup look that you can wear everyday, even to school.
??♀️ if you watched True Beauty! Are you #TeamSooho or #TeamSeoJun? HEHE leave it in the comments?
Also let me know how I fared in this transformation and what other looks you’ll like to see next in the comments down below ? Can’t wait for the final episode tonight omg!!!
My other K-Drama inspired looks:
??It’s okay not to be okay Ko Mun Yeong - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xKyX2ur51CE
??Hotel Del Luna 호텔 델루나 IU Jang Man Weol Cover Makeup - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NAgQg...
?? Hwyugi Korean Odyssey Jin Sun Mi (Samjang) makeup - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IKgEn...
??Yoon So Ah / Shin Se Kyung (Bride of the Water God) Inspired Makeup -
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=czVcB...
PRODUCTS MENTIONED:
? Abib Heartleaf Toner Skin Booster
https://shopee.prf.hn/l/K9NOX1L
? Abib Heartleaf Essence Calming Pump
https://shopee.prf.hn/l/7JGeNWW
? Origins Ginzing Into The Glow Brightening Serum
https://shopee.prf.hn/l/62Gapq0
? Skin Inc Pure Deep Sea Hydrating Mask
https://shopee.prf.hn/l/62GMnXb
?(alternative) COSRX Ultimate Nourishing Rice Overnight Spa Mask
https://shopee.prf.hn/l/6PGlWMl
? La Roche Posay- Uvidea Tone Up Light Cream SPF50+
https://shopee.prf.hn/l/78Yv5gJ
? Kate Tokyo Skin Colour Control Base Lavender SPF19PA++
https://shopee.prf.hn/l/rd9eY14
? Kate Tokyo Skin Colour Control Base Pink SPF20PA++
https://shopee.prf.hn/l/rd9eY14
? Lancôme Absolue Cushion
https://bit.ly/2O4CnJs
?(alternative) Abib Hydration Cushion
https://shopee.prf.hn/l/75dqo9g
? Cosme Decorte Loose Face Powder
https://shopee.prf.hn/l/7oo3E9W
?(alternative) Innisfree No Sebum Moisture Powder
https://shopee.prf.hn/l/Kmo10J1
? Hour Glass Ambient Lighting Palette
https://bit.ly/3pLMgcQ
? Fenty Beauty Brow MVP Ultra fine brow pencil and styler #MediumBrown
https://bit.ly/3cDYy3i
?(alternative) EXCEL Powder & Pencil Eyebrow EX
https://shopee.prf.hn/l/KMEkZv3
? Etude House Volumize My Brows #LightBrown
https://shopee.prf.hn/l/rGE90PO
? One/Size Patrick Starrr Visionary Eyeshadow Palette
https://bit.ly/3pZHGaU
?(alternative) ETUDE Play Color Eyes (Palettes for the seasons)
https://shopee.prf.hn/l/KzyE1R9
? Maybelline Line Tattoo Crayon Pen #Brown
https://shopee.prf.hn/l/KX9AVGD
?PeriPera Ink V-Shading #AlmondBrown
https://shopee.prf.hn/l/6qO92od
? Nars Blush #Behave
https://bit.ly/3avOl6u
?(alternative) 3CE BLUSH BLUSHER #LastTime
https://shopee.prf.hn/l/6b1eYLq
? Shu Uemura Rough Unlimited Liquid Lacquer #CR03
https://bit.ly/39JXV6k
?(alternative) rom&nd (romand) Glasting Water Tint 4g #07 Pink Valley
https://shopee.prf.hn/l/7YEjY0Y
? Dyson Supersonic
https://bit.ly/36JbFN0
? Create Ion Hair Curler 32mm
https://shopee.prf.hn/l/7xNEx5z
? GHD Platinum+ Take Control Now Collection Styler
https://shopee.prf.hn/l/7gpNYyj
? Hair Root Brush (my stylist @jay.ang got this for me)
OUTFIT
? Shirt - Monologue in Seoul
? Cardigan - GG5
https://bit.ly/3pOT89u
? Skirt - Seoul (very sad can’t travel now but you can easily find this on Taobao)
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FOLLOW ME
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► TikTok: www.tiktok.com/@mongabong
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► Email: hello@mongabong.com
FAQ
Hello! My name is Mong Chin and I'm from sunny Singapore. I am 1.63m and I am Singaporean Chinese. I speak English, Mandarin and am currently learning Korean in my free time. I love all things beauty and fashion, and I also like to share my life here. I hope you guys enjoy watching my videos!
DISCLAIMER
This video is not sponsored. Some of the links above are affiliate links, which means I may earn a small fee if a sale goes through them. It does not cost you any extra and it helps to support my lil' channel so i can continue creating content for you all ?
tokyo hotel cost 在 FPC Channel Youtube 的最佳解答
In this video, I'm walking through Minamisenju, the traditional area of Tokyo. With its city scape lined with stores. The streets here are full of old fashion scale, cheap restaurants and old cafes and bars. I start the walk at Minamisenju station in Hibiya line, a relatively old residential area that houses a old and long shopping street and plenty of low-cost hotel. From there, I walk along the until I reach the main gate of Yoshihara, the biggest red-light district in Tokyo. And I see the restaurant that sells horse meat. Finally, I see the place of comic "Ashita no Joe" and the statue.
0:00 Minamisenju Station 南千住駅
2:16 The tiny coffee shop footbridge
6:40 Display board of Beer
10:51 The low-cost hotel
11:01 The shopping street
15:07 The low cost vending machine
16:24 The statue of "Ashita no Joe"
17:27 The horse meat restaurant
18:10 The gate of Yoshihara
#Toyko #Japan #Minamisenju
tokyo hotel cost 在 Aden Tan 陈昱志 Youtube 的最佳解答
Stayed in AMAN TOKYO for the 2nd time, love it as always, probably one of the best hotels I've ever stayed
Japan Vlog 2/2
PEOPLE INSIDE
Isaac McCoubrey
Noah Yap
Tosh Zhang
Charlie Goh
Danny Kang
Jeon Chang Ha
CURIOUS ABOUT ME
I'm from sunny island Singapore and have an immense passion for performing, most people probably know me as an actor but I do a little bit of singing and you can find my songs on my YouTube Channel, appreciate the support! Love y'all