關於 war and order資源 ，我們在網路上蒐集到這些相關的討論、資訊與評價

蔡英文 Tsai Ing-wen 總統2019年5月9日於《外交政策》(Foreign Policy)期刊投書之中文翻譯。

譯者：
劉仕傑 （青年外交官 劉仕傑 ）
楊晴翔律師（哥倫比亞大學法學碩士）

Taiwan's Self-made democracy still needs U.S. partnership
台灣自為的民主仍需美國作夥同行

On April 10, 1979, the Taiwan Relations Act was signed into law after being passed by the U.S. Congress the month before, in response to President Jimmy Carter’s decision in January 1979 to establish official relations with the People’s Republic of China and sever diplomatic ties with the Republic of China (Taiwan). At the time, Taiwan was not yet a democracy, with a population of 17 million and a GDP per capita of $1,958―a flickering candle in the storm of the Cold War.

1979年4月10日，就在美國國會通過後一個月，台灣關係法經簽署成為（美國國內法）法律。台灣關係法係回應卡特總統在1979年1月決定與中華人民共和國建交而與中華民國斷交。當時台灣尚不是個民主國家，人口僅1,700萬，GDP僅1,958美元，可以形容為冷戰風暴中的殘燭。

The Taiwan Relations Act mandates the U.S. commitment to peace, security, and stability in the Western Pacific. More important, it defines how the United States engages with Taiwan and ensures that our country has adequate defense capabilities to be free from coercion.

台灣關係法制定了美國對西太平洋地區民主、安全及穩定的承諾。更重要者，它定義了美國如何與台灣交往，並確保了本國能有適當的防禦能力，並從強脅中得到自由。

Against the backdrop of the Cold War, no one could have imagined that Taiwan would emerge as a beacon of democracy in Asia.

對抗冷戰黑幕，當時沒有人能想像台灣可以成為亞洲民主的燈塔。

By embracing democratic values, the people of Taiwan took their fate into their own hands. The resilient Taiwanese defied all odds and kept making progress.

擁抱民主價值，台灣人民自己掌握自身命運。充滿韌性的台灣人跌破大家眼鏡，持續獲得進展。

With steadfast support from our partner in democracy, the United States, the people of Taiwan transformed an authoritarian regime into a vibrant democracy and held their first direct presidential election by popular vote in 1996. Democratization was further consolidated four years later with a peaceful transfer of power from one political party to another. Then, in 2016, Taiwan broke through the glass ceiling by electing its first female president and a record number of women into the legislature.

藉由我們的民主夥伴美國所提供的穩健支持，台灣人民將一個威權政體轉型為充滿活力的民主政體，並且在1996年舉行首次總統直接民選。四年後，台灣的民主進一步鞏固，政權和平移轉。接著，2016年台灣打破看不見的性別限制，選出首位女性總統，女性國會議員數目也創新高。

Taiwan has also transformed itself from an aid recipient into a high-tech powerhouse featuring outstanding human capital, a rules-based market, and a sound legal framework that upholds property rights. Taiwan now ranks as one of the top 10 freest economies in the world and has become an important partner for many U.S. companies in the region and around the world.

台灣本身也從受援國轉型成為高科技重鎮，擁有著名的人力資源、法治市場及完善的法治架構並尊重智慧財產權。台灣目前為全球十大最自由的經濟體之一，且成為此區域及全世界許多美國公司最重要的夥伴。

Since I took office three years ago, Taiwan and the United States have stepped up our joint efforts to promote our mutual interests, such as religious freedom, media literacy, and fighting corruption, safeguarding our shared values in the Indo-Pacific region.

自從我三年前就任台灣總統職位以來，台灣與美國共同升高努力推動我們共同的利益，例如：宗教自由、媒體素養，並且對抗腐敗體制，保衛我們在印太地區之共同價值。

One lesson of the 20th century is that the forward march of democracy is not a given.

二十世紀告訴我們重要的一課是，民主的推進，不會從天而降。

For the past 40 years, many members of Congress and successive U.S. administrations have honored the Taiwan Relations Act, making our partnership irreplaceable and shielding our region from increasingly aggressive anti-democratic forces. We stand together because we believe that the darkness and fear imposed by authoritarian regimes cannot withstand the light of democracy.

過去四十年來，許多美國國會的成員以及繼任的美國行政體系都對台灣關係法給予肯定，這部法案鞏固了台美之間無可取代的的合作夥伴關係，也讓我們在逐漸深化的反民主的侵略力量面前，得以捍衛區域安全。台美堅定站在一起是因為我們相信極權政權帶來的黑暗與恐懼將無法遮蔽民主照耀出的光亮。

The U.S. government has stood firm and responded to challenges to our partnership with determination and perseverance.

美國政府一直立場堅定並且以決心與毅力回應任何可能傷害台美關係之挑戰。

The U.S. Congress has consistently demonstrated bipartisan support for stronger ties with Taiwan through legislation like the Taiwan Travel Act, proof that the creativity and commitment that created the Taiwan Relations Act are still alive in Congress today.

美國國會持續不分黨派，以推動台灣旅行法等立法作為，展現他們對於加強台美之間緊密合作關係的支持。這是制定台灣關係法當年之創造力與承諾，仍然在美國國會活躍的證明。

Our shared commitment to democracy and freedom is something that people living under authoritarian regimes can never understand. Faced with the growing challenges to the rules-based order established after World War II, our partnership is more important than ever.

我們共同對民主與自由的承諾是生活在極權政權底下的人民所無法理解的。在二次世界大戰以來民主秩序所面臨的挑戰更加艱困之際，台美之間的夥伴關係無比重要。

Taiwan has survived and thrived under the most challenging circumstances of the 20th century. The people of Taiwan have not given in to the fearmongering of authoritarian regimes and never will. At this critical juncture, we celebrate and reaffirm our partnership with the United States and look forward to the next chapter in our success story.

二十世紀以來，台灣從最艱困的環境下生存下來並且蓬勃發展至今。台灣人民從不也永不向極權的政權屈服。值此重要的關頭，我們與美國共同慶賀並且更加確定彼此的關係，並且展望在未來的歷史中，成功寫出一頁新的篇章。

As president of this beacon of democracy, I am committed to fighting the good fight. I will continue to work with our friends in the years ahead to create a better world for future generations and a more open and free Indo-Pacific and beyond.

身為民主燈塔的一國總統，我非常堅定的信守我的承諾，克盡當為之事。我會持續與我們的友人在未來共同努力，為往後的世世代代，打造一個更加美好的未來，以及更加開放自由的印太地區。

Tsai Ing-wen is the President of Taiwan.
台灣總統，蔡英文

（以上歡迎分享）

「真的假的？泡麵的發明者是位出身嘉義朴子的台灣人？」
"Really? Instant noodles were invented by a Taiwanese from Puzi, Chiayi?"
(English version available on the bottom)

過去一週，除了一天南下高雄訪友，我幾乎都待在家人位在嘉義朴子的住處；而講到嘉義朴子，就不得不提一位目前為止對世界歷史最有影響力的朴子人，吳百福（安藤百福）。他的影響力有多大？他是日本日清食品的創辦人，也是把泡麵商品化並行銷全世界的主要推手，並且自稱是泡麵的發明者。今天在全世界任何一個角落，無論是我在西伯利亞鐵路的火車上能用熱水在幾分鐘之內吃到熱騰騰的湯麵，或是可以不時在網路上看到萌死人不償命的新垣結衣小雞拉麵廣告，都得要感謝這位嘉義朴子人。目前正在NHK播出、擁有穩定超越20%收視率的晨間劇《萬福》便是以這位台裔日本企業家的故事改編。

日清集團的官網上將其創辦人安藤百福稱為泡麵的發明者，並且簡述了他創立集團的故事，大致上來說就是戰後日本物資缺乏、許多人營養不良，安藤百福為了善用美援麵粉製造日本食物解決糧食問題，便在自家後院蓋了間小屋，用整整一年的時間努力不懈的研究如何油炸麵條，終於在1958年8月25日開始販售全世界第一款泡麵「チキンラーメン」，也就是小雞拉麵。讀下來是相當動人勵志的一篇故事。

不過，就在我來到嘉義朴子並準備開始寫這篇文章時，內心出現了疑問：如果這個人是如此成功的企業家兼發明家，為何在朴子完全找不到任何一點和他相關的蛛絲馬跡呢？難道不會有人想為他立個紀念碑、甚至把他故居改建成紀念館嗎？正是因為這樣的疑問，讓我發現這個故事的陰暗面——

1. 吳百福有過三段婚姻，其中台籍的大房二房在他移居日本後都被棄之不顧，原本擔任日清社長的大房長子還被他與日籍的三房兒子聯手撤換（根據《週刊文春》）。這些事情讓仍在嘉義朴子的吳家不是很願意提及吳百福這個人。
2. 吳百福並沒有發明泡麵，在後院製造泡麵並且申請專利的是在大阪留學的屏東人張國文。吳百福向張國文購買了專利，並且利用他掌握的黑市資源，成功將泡麵商品化。

既然如此，泡麵到底是誰發明的呢？根據《時報周刊》在2007年的訪談，張國文製造泡麵的靈感來自家人從屏東寄到大阪的雞絲麵，所以他也不是最早以油炸法保存麵條的先驅；早在泡麵出現之前，台灣的雞絲麵和意麵就已經常用油炸的方式保存，而且同樣的方法可能19世紀就已經出現在台灣及中國多個地方。張國文的功勞在於為這種方法申請專利，吳百福的貢獻則是將這個專利買下並且商品化；因此合理推測，日清的元老級商品小雞拉麵，其原型基本上就是台灣的雞絲麵。

故事講到這裡，我已經不指望可以在朴子找到什麼和泡麵或日清有關的痕跡了，只是在據說是吳百福故居所在的光復路上隨便走走；但走著走著，突然看到一間近年新開的7-11，外觀保存的日式民居的特色，門口石碑上有著「朴站門市」的題字，落款人姓吳；回家查了一下，有當地人暗示這棟房子和吳百福有關，雖然也未交代詳情；至於店裡所販售的泡麵，是否為出身此地的一位台灣人所發明？目前看來，比較公允的講法應該是，這是幾位旅居大阪的台灣人，將台灣的油炸麵條商品化並且推向全世界的結果；至於真正的發明者到底是誰，似乎就沒那麼重要了——或許只是某位煮麵時不小心讓麵條掉進油鍋的不知名阿嬤吧！

In the past week, I've been with my parents in a small town Puzi in southern Taiwan. Among the well-known people from here, the most influential one is probably Momofuku Ando (安藤百福), a Taiwanese-Japanese businessman and the founder of Nissin Food Products Co., Ltd., who claimed to be the inventor of instant noodles. Ando was born in Taiwan before WWII (which was then a Japan colony) and later moved to Osaka, Japan. According to Nissin's website, in order to solve Japan's post-war food shortage with the America-provided wheat, Ando spent one full year at a cabin in his backyard to research different ways to make instant noodles. On August 25, 1958, his first instant noodle product Chikinrāmen (チキンラーメン) was launched and gained great success around the world. The story has become the TV show "Manpuku" on Japan's national TV network NHK. This sounds like a very encouraging story. Doesn't it?

Given his business success and contribution to food industry, it should be reasonable for Puzi, his hometown, to memorize him with a monument, house museum, or something like that. In the town of Puzi, however, I can find no clue about this person. This made me wonder about this history, and eventually got to learn about the complexity in Ando's story.

In fact, Ando's story is a bit controversial. He had two marriages while still in Taiwan, and both wives were abandoned after he moved to Japan and married the third wife. Due to this family history, his clan in Taiwan shows little interest in their connection to their relative Ando. In addition, instead of inventing instant noodle himself, he purchased the patent from fellow Taiwanese Kuo-Wen Chang, who actually did the ramen research in the backyard. Ando, nevertheness, always claimed instant noodles as his own invention. Given these facts, it's not surprising that neither his hometown Puzi nor the production team of Manpuku would mention Ando's early life in Taiwan.

If so, who was the actual inventor of instant noodles? Chang, who owned the patent of instant noodles, got his idea from "chicken fiber noodles" (雞絲麵), the deep-fried thin noodles that are popular in Taiwan. Even before then, deep-frying noodles for preservation was not a new technique. It might have been around since the 19th century. However, there's no doubt that Chang's application for patent and Ando's business strategy made instant noodles a successful and globally available food product.

參考資料 References:
http://classic-blog.udn.com/mobile/baogon/43946639
https://shareba.com/module/news/295249050811547500.html
https://home.gamer.com.tw/creationDetail.php?sn=1233772
https://www.storm.mg/lifestyle/46361
https://m.mobile01.com/topicdetail.php?f=320&t=4786993
http://www.j2h.tw/bbs/bbs11/5814.html
https://www.nissin.com/jp/about/chronicle/
https://www.nissin.com/en_jp/about/founder/

還是忍不住先分享這篇了。

雖然我原先給自己的預設計畫，是先打算默默地看完這本書，再嘗試寫一點東西來告訴大家

但最近，預估我能夠讀完的時間遙遙無期
各種心情下還是忍不住先分享這篇

-----------------------------

作者 胖胖樹的熱帶雨林（Fat-Fat Tree Tropical Rainforest）用非常驚人的毅力和熱情

自己畫自己寫自己考據自己拍照
完成了這本書

能和他認識是透過這個粉專，先前某篇跟《本草綱目》有關的文字吸引(?)了他的注意，然後我才發現了這本書(笑)


目前的閱讀進度停在金雞納樹那個篇章，細細地咀嚼中
過一陣子我一定會好好的細嚼慢嚥完這本書再說些什麼的

等著吧呼呼呼呼....

《Invisible Rainforest: The Formosa Rainforest Flora》

　　Taiwan is commonly known as Formosa until 1970s. It is a beautiful island on the Eastern Pacific Ocean. The Portuguese were the first European group who reached the island of Taiwan in 1544, and named it Formosa.

　　The cultural diversity in Taiwan is like the biodiversity in tropical rainforest, which is rich and diverse. The ethnic groups that came to Taiwan at different stages have brought wide varieties of tropical plants with them which are related to living habits.

　　The aborigines who first lived in Taiwan imported many plants from Southeast Asia that we are familiar with nowadays, e.g. taro, ginger, banana, betel nut, coconut, kapok. They came to Taiwan in the prehistoric time and have lived in Taiwan for about 8,000 years.

　　From 1624 to 1662, in the era of great navigation, the Dutch and Spanish people briefly occupied Taiwan and used Taiwan as a base for trade with China, Japan, and Southeast Asia. Fruits that Taiwanese people are familiar with and are proud of, such as mango, bell-apple, custard apple, guava, and Cherry tomato, as well as chili, pepper, and tobacco were introduced to Taiwan by Dutch people during this period.

　　Between 1662 and 1895, Taiwan was part of the Chinese territory. Minnan people from Fujian Province as well as Chaozhou people and Hakka people from Guangdong Province moved into Taiwan. Carambola, grapefruit, and tung oil tree were introduced from China by South China immigrants during this period. The pineapple was also imported from the Philippines by South China immigrants during this period.

　　From 1895 to 1945, Japan ruled Taiwan for 50 years, and established several botanical gardens and research institutes throughout Taiwan to introduce large-scale experiments and cultivation of tropical plants in order to have more resources for the Japanese Empire. Rubber tree, cinchona tree for the treatment of malaria, logwood for making purple-black dyes, mahogany, and ylang-ylang were all introduced by Japanese into Taiwan.

　　From the end of the Qing Dynasty to the Japanese era, missionaries, botanists, and European traders came to Taiwan again. Although the number of people are rather small, they made a great contribution to Taiwan’s medical and scientific progresses. They also introduced some tropical plants into Taiwan. For example, Dr. George Leslie MacKay introduced variegated leaf croton and bougainvillea, and Dr. George Gushue-Taylor introduced windy oil trees for the treatment of leprosy. Coffee was introduced to Taiwan at earliest in 1884 by the British Merchants Bank.

　　The Republic of China established Taiwan Provincial Government in 1945. During the martial law period from 1949 to 1987, restrictions were imposed on all aspects. In addition, the access to information was limited. As a result, fewer tropical plants were introduced to Taiwan during this time as compared to other eras. At that time, academic and agricultural institutions were the main units that introduced plants into Taiwan. The trumpet Tree, which is now familiar to everyone, was introduced in the late 1960s.

　　There was also a Thai-Myanmar solitary army composed of ethnic minorities from southwest China. After the defeat of the civil war between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, Thai-Myanmar solitary army temporarily stayed in the Golden Triangle at the borders of Thailand, Laos, and Myanmar, and eventually retreated to Taiwan in the 1950s and 1960s. In the early 1960s, a large number of Burmese Chinese immigrated to Taiwan after riots in Burma against Chinese community. They brought the tradition of Songkran Water Festival of Dai people, the spice plants, and vegetables commonly seen in Indochina to Taiwan.

　　In 1989, Taiwan for the first time allowed foreign workers to come to work in Taiwan. In the 1990s, the government also promoted the southward policy to encourage cultural exchange and economic investment with Southeast Asia. Meanwhile, many Taiwanese males with weak social and economic status chose to marry females from Southeast Asia. To date, there are about 180,000 Taiwanese new citizens from Indonesia, Vietnam, the Philippines, Thailand, Cambodia, and other ASEAN countries, and about 680,000 foreign workers from ASEAN. They have brought more vegetables, fruits, and spices that are common in Southeast Asia, enriching Taiwanese food culture.

　　These aforementioned culture traits and the history of the introduction of plants in Taiwan are extracted from my first book "Invisible Rainforest: The Formosa Rainforest Flora". This is a series of Taiwanese historical stories featuring plants as the leading actors and scientists as supporting actors. I want to share with you the history and social culture of Taiwan that I have discovered which have not been recorded in our history or social textbooks, which may have been forgotten or ignored. This book is not a challenging botanical handbook to read. It is an interesting story book. I hope that more people can understand Taiwan from a different perspective through this book. Thank you for your time!

　　台灣就是過去西方歷史中所熟悉的福爾摩沙。它是太平洋東方海上的一座美麗的島嶼。1544年葡萄牙人發現，並將台灣稱作福爾摩沙。

　　台灣的文化多樣性，彷彿熱帶雨林的生物多樣性一般，豐富且多元。不同時期來到台灣的個族群，帶來各式各樣與生活習習相關的熱帶植物。

　　最早居住在台灣的原住民，從東南亞引進了我們熟悉的芋頭、薑、香蕉、檳榔、椰子、木棉花等植物。他們從史前時期便來到台灣，在台灣活動的時間約八千年。

　　1624年至1662年，大航海時代，荷蘭人與西班牙人也曾短暫佔領台灣，以台灣作為根據地，與中國、日本及東南亞進行貿易。台灣人熟悉，甚至引以為傲的水果，例如芒果、蓮霧、釋迦、芭樂、小番茄，還有辣椒、胡椒、菸草，便是這時期荷蘭人引進台灣的植物。

　　1662年至1895年之間，台灣被納入中國版圖。源自中國福建省的閩南人與廣東省的潮州人與客家人，大量移入台灣。楊桃、柚子、油桐花便是這個時期華南移民從中國引進。而鳳梨也是這時期華南移民自菲律賓引進。

　　1895年至1945年，日本統治台灣50年，並在全台各地建立數個植物園及研究機構，大規模引進熱帶植物試驗及栽培，目的是為了開發更多資源提供日本帝國使用。橡膠樹、治療瘧疾的金雞納樹、製作紫黑色染料的墨水樹、桃花心木、香水樹等，都是日本人引進台灣的植物。

　　清朝末年至日本時代，宣教士、植物學家及歐洲的貿易商人再度來台。雖然人數不多，卻對台灣的醫療及科學進步有很大貢獻。他們也曾引進了一些熱帶植物來台灣，例如馬偕博士引進了變葉木與九重葛，戴仁壽醫生引進治療痲瘋病的大風子樹。而咖啡最早則是英商德記洋行在1884年引進台灣。

　　1945年，國民政府來台。1949至1987年，戒嚴時期，各方面限制重重，加上資訊不發達，熱帶植物引進較少。當時主要從事植物引進工作的是學術與農業單位。現在大家所熟悉的風鈴木，便是1960年代末期所引進。

　　還有一支由中國西南方少數民族組成的泰緬孤軍，國共內戰戰敗後，短暫滯留泰緬金三角，在1950至1960年代從中南半島輾轉來台。1960年代緬甸排華事件下，移民或依親方式到台灣定居的緬甸華僑。他們率先將傣族的潑水節，還有中南半島常見的香料植物與蔬菜，帶進了台灣。

　　1989年台灣首次開放外籍移工來台。1990年代政府推動南向政策，許多社會經濟條件弱勢的男性，紛紛到東南亞尋找配偶。直到今日，來自印尼、越南、菲律賓、泰國、柬埔寨等東協國家的新住民和移工，分別約18萬人和68萬人。他們帶更多東南亞常見的蔬菜、水果及香料，豐富了台灣的飲食文化。

　　上述這些文化跟植物引進史，摘要自我的第一本著作《看不見的雨林：福爾摩沙雨林植物誌》。這是一本以植物為主角、科學家為配角的台灣歷史故事集。我想藉由本書，跟大家分享我所查到、看到的那些不曾出現在我們歷史或社會課本中，被遺忘或忽略的台灣歷史與社會文化。這本書不是生硬的植物圖鑑，是一本有趣的故事書。希望透過這本書，讓更多人可以從不一樣的角度認識台灣。謝謝！

原 tweet: https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1165919483191599104

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