關於 women's health committee ，我們在網路上蒐集到這些相關的討論、資訊與評價

《HPV/子宮頸癌疫苗的二三事》

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先前講到子宮頸癌多由HPV感染引起，而最常見致癌的HPV為16和18（佔7成子宮頸癌）。目前最有限預防子宮頸癌的是接種疫苗，今日同大家講下HPV疫苗的知識。

【HPV疫苗於進行第一次性行為前最為有效】
由於HPV病毒傳染性非常高，只要於性行為時有親密的皮膚接觸便足以感染。一但發生過性行為，便有感染的機會，感染後再接種疫苗效果便會大減。

不過，即使發生過性行為，接種疫苗仍然有保護效果。因為常見導致子宮頸癌的HPV病毒高達7種，婦女們不太可能同時感染全部致癌的HPV病毒。目前醫學界的指引如美國疾管局CDC建議，年輕婦女即使已發生過性行為，仍應接種疫苗以減低子宮頸癌風險。

所以千萬別因為自己非處女而覺得沒有必要接種疫苗。

【HPV疫苗的種類】
現時獲美國食物及藥物管理局（FDA）批准使用的HPV疫苗有以下三款

Cervarix: 針對HPV 16 and 18

Gardasil-4: 針對HPV 6, 11, 16 and 18

Gardasil-9: 針對HPV 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, and 58

簡單來說，HPV 6和11疫苗主要保護俗稱椰菜花的濕疣（Genital Herpes），而Gardasil-9其餘的七種HPV疫苗主要保護因高風險HPV病毒導致的

1.）女性子宮頸癌、陰道、外陰癌症

2.）男性和女性肛門癌和咽喉癌

3.）男性陰莖癌

【如已經接種了Cervarix或Gardasil-4，還有沒有需要接種Gardasil以獲更多保護？】
如只接種了Cervarix的話，雖然保障了HPV16和18的感染，但對濕疣（HPV6和11）和佔其餘約20%子宮頸癌的HPV則沒有保護。

而Gardasil-4的話，比Cervarix多了濕疣的保護，但一樣對佔其餘約20%子宮頸癌的HPV沒有保護。

到底應否補打新的Gardasil-9取決於眾多臨床因素和婦女們的財政狀況，如財政許可又希望補打的話，不妨跟家庭醫生或婦科醫生商討。

【HPV疫苗的效用】

HPV疫苗是透過利用Recombinant HPV病毒外圍蛋白質（Coat Protein）組成Virus-like Particle（VLP）去刺激免疫系統，令免疫系統產生中和抗體（Neutralizing Antibodies）防止性交時感染HPV病毒。

多個環球大型研究顯示HPV疫苗對防止感染HPV病毒高達99%。三款HPV疫苗都經過大型過萬人的臨床研究測試，證實其預防HPV病毒感染的功效。

如之前提及，HPV病毒可引起子宮頸Transitional Zone病變，長遠導致細胞突變，例如子宮頸癌前病變（Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia CIN I, II and III）。當子宮頸細胞突變至人體不能修復時，癌症便會發生。

有效地預防HPV病毒感染便能避免子宮頸出現癌前病變和子宮頸癌。雖然婦女們可以透過定期進行柏氏抹片檢查，尋找早期癌前病變並及早介入治療以防止癌症形成，但預防永遠勝於治療，最有效避免子宮頸癌的方法是接種HPV疫苗。

【HPV疫苗的副作用】

最常見的HPV疫苗副作用為注射位置短暫性的疼痛、紅腫和水腫；頭暈或頭痛；肌肉關節痛和發燒等等。絕大部份接種HPV疫苗的女性和男性都沒有重大不適或副作用。

至於近年大家經常聽到的「傳聞」，例如聲稱日本眾多年輕的少女接種HPV疫苗後患上嚴重影響神經系統的吉巴氏綜合症（Guillain-Barré syndrome），這些「傳聞」均沒有實際的數據支持。

根據英國、澳洲、美國和環球的數據顯示，已有超過1億女性和男性接種HPV疫苗，沒有過多的重大副作用，沒有更高的吉巴氏綜合症風險，對疫苗感敏引起的嚴重過敏反應（Anaphylaxis）亦跟一般疫苗相等。[1][2][3][4]

由此可見，HPV疫苗是非常之安全，並非「傳聞」中有高度致命或癱瘓的風險。

【HPV疫苗保護效力有多久，需要定期補打嗎？】

HPV疫苗2006年開始面世，所以目前的數據只有約15年左右。研究發現即使接種疫苗後5-10年，體內的HPV抗體數值仍然非常高，能夠提供足夠保護力[5]。到底十五二十甚至三十年後體內抗體是否足夠或是否需要補打（Booster），則需要依賴未來幾年至十幾年的數據。

值得注意的是，跟其他疫苗一樣，總有一小部份的人的免疫系統無法對疫苗產生足夠的抗體，這些人我們稱為non-responder。如果有過去無法對疫苗產生抗體的醫療史，請務必在接種前諮詢你的家庭科或婦科醫生。

【什麼時候接種疫苗？男生應該打嗎？】

現時醫學界建議少女於第一次性行為前和九至十三歲時接種，可達至最大效益。年紀較大時接種或需接種更多的針劑才能得到最大的保護性，例如澳洲指引為超過15歲才接種第一劑的少女需要多打一劑（總共三劑）。如年青時沒有接種HPV疫苗，目前CDC指引為向26歲或以下的女性提供Catch up HPV疫苗以減低HPV病毒感染和子宮頸癌風險。

如果你曾經打過，但打不足全套HPV疫苗或沒有按時間表按種疫苗的話，請諮詢你的家庭科或婦科醫生意見商討有否需要補打針劑。

現時國際建議男生同時接種HPV疫苗，西方亦有不少國家國民保健制度會資助男性。因為這不單可以避免先前提及的肛門癌、咽喉癌、陰莖癌和濕疣（椰菜花）外，同時可透過全民接種HPV疫苗產生群體免疫（Herd Immunity）以保護一些因免疫系統問題而未能接種HPV疫苗或未能產生抗體的女性，減少她們患上子宮頸癌的風險。

***以上為常見有關HPV疫苗的疑問和解釋，如對接種HPV疫苗有問題的話，請諮詢你的家庭科或婦科醫生商討。

【Reference】
[1] HPV Vaccination is Safe and Effective. CDC. From https://www.cdc.gov/hpv/parents/vaccinesafety.html

[2] Human papillomavirus (HPV) immunisation service. Department of Health, Australian Government. From https://www.health.gov.au/health-topics/immunisation/immunisation-services/human-papillomavirus-hpv-immunisation-service

[3] Guillain–Barre syndrome following quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccination among vaccine-eligible individuals in the United States. Human Vaccine and Immunotherapeutics. From https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4181024/

[4] Safety update of HPV vaccines. Global Vaccine Safety. World Health Organization. From https://www.who.int/vaccine_safety/committee/topics/hpv/June_2017/en/

[5] Long-term efficacy and safety of human papillomavirus vaccination. International Journal of Women's Health. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4262378/

DO YOU NEED HELP?

Putting this out here just in case. For my own reference too when one comes to me.

Otherwise, please do DM me if you have concerns. Especially if you are an unwed mom who needs help.

Lots of love,

Daphne

——————————————

Where one can find help:

List for contact if you or someone needs help. This is also organisations that work to help and support women.

If you’re an adult who has experienced sexual abuse as a child, know that you are not alone. No matter what, the abuse was not your fault. It’s never too late to start healing from this experience. Regardless, if you are male or female, and, would like to know where to go for help, we have compiled a list of organisations that will be able to provide advice and/or counselling.

The list here is not complete and some may do child advocacy or women's advocacy only but some do both. Do check. Thank you.

1. JABATAN KEBAJIKAN MASYARAKAT
http://www.jkm.gov.my/jkm/index.php
For nearest support JKM office click onto HUBUNGI KAMI/CONTACT US and Select: PEJABAT JKM NEGERI/JKM STATE OFFICES

2 . PDRM MALAYSIA
http://www.rmp.gov.my/direktori/direktori-pdrm/bukit-aman
Locate nearest police station with D11 unit to seek advice on where to file a report.

3 . CHILDLINE MALAYSIA or Talian Kasih is 15999
http://www.mctf.org.my/childline/contact-us.htm
Or
Tel: 03-55692755
Email: childline@mctf.org.my

Aduan Krisis Masyarakat
Whatsapp 0192615999

4. Report online crimes against children in Malaysia to CYBER999

5 .ALL WOMEN’S ACTION SOCIETY (AWAM) especially for counselling (sexual harassment and rape)
AWAM Centre
85, Jalan 21/1, Sea Park,
46300 Petaling Jaya,
Selangor, Malaysia
www.awam.org.myCounselling & Legal Information (Telenita)
Tel: 03 7877 0224 or 03-78774221
Email: telenita@awam.org.my
Email : awam@awam.org.my
Our Helpline and Service Centre are available Mondays to Fridays, 10 am to 4.30 pm. We also provide counselling services on Saturdays, by appointment.

6 .WOMEN’S AID ORGANISATION (WAO)
Counselling and shelter (violence against women)
WAO Helpline : 03 7956 3488. 018-9888058 (sms)
WAO office hours: Monday - Saturday 9:00 AM - 5:00 PM
Tel: 03 7957 5636 | 7957 0636
Fax: 03 7956 3237
E-mail: womensaidorg@gmail.com
P.O.Box 493, Jalan Sultan 46760 Petaling Jaya Selangor, Malaysia
www.awam.org.my
www.wao.org.my

7 . Women’s Centre for Change (WCC) for counselling and free legal advice.
241 Jalan Burma, 10350 Penang
tel : 04-228 0342
email : wcc@wccpenang.org
hours: Mon to Fri, 9am to 6pm
wccpenang.org

8. Persatuan Sahabat Wanita Selangor
Tel: 03-87378380
Email: sahabatwanita@gmail.com

9. Perak Women for Women (PWW)
Tel: 05-5469715
Email: perakwomenforwomen@gmail.com

10. Tenaganita
Counselling and free legal services for:
- Migrant Communities
- Refugees
- Asylum Seekers
- Trafficked Women and Children
- Domestic Workers

12, Jalan 6/11 46000 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
Talian: 03 7770 3691 / 3671 | 012 335 0512 | 012 339 5350
Email: general@tenaganita.net
www.tenaganita.net
Facebook.com/tenaganita
Tel: 012-3350512

11. Sabah Women's Action-Resource Group (SAWO)
Tel: 088-280200
Email : [email protected]

12. Sarawak Women for Women Society
Tel: 082-442660 or 082-416053

13. Bar Council Child Rights Committee
Officer: Rajeswari Gunarasa
Email: rajeswari@malaysianbar.org.my
Email: pad@malaysianbar.org.my

14. PROTECT & SAVE THE CHILDREN
Protect And Save The Children Association of Selangor and Kuala Lumpur (Reg. No. 7),
No. 5, Jalan 7/14, Section 7,
46050, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
Telephone : 603) 7957 4344 / 7956 4355
Fax : (603) 7957 4322
Email: protect@psthechildren.org.my
www.psthechildren.org.my

15. Legal Aid Centre for free legal representation
Selangor 03-55107007
Kuala Lumpur 03-20722050/1/2

16. Sabah Women's Action Resource Group (SAWO)
088-269291

17. Telenisa
Telephone : 03-79608802
Open on Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday from 10am-5pm
Website : sistersinislam.org.my

18. Majlis Antipemerdagangan Orang dan Antipenyeludupan Migran
Telefon : 03-80008000
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/Majlis-Antipemerdagangan-Orang-dan-Antipenyeludupan-Migran-232511150549792/

19. Rumah Perlindungan Sosial, Klang.
Shelter for unwed pregnant mothers, sexually assaulted women and children, domestic violence cases.
NCWO- YWCA
010-3656950
0133610010 (Shoba Aiyar)
03-33725175

20. SOLS Health
1Petaling Commerz and Residential Condos,

#G-8, Jalan 1C/149,
Off Jalan Sungai Besi,
57100 Sungai Besi,

Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

T: +6018-6640247 (Admin)
Email:
navigaide@sols247.org
Website:
https://www.solshealth.org
Facebook:
https://m.facebook.com/SOLShealth/

(Administration)
Tue – Sat:
0900 – 1800

(By Appointment)
Thurs – Sat:
0900 – 1800

1.Individual therapy / counselling
2. Marriage & family therapy counselling
3. Psychological testing & assessments
4. Workshops and training crisis management
5. Community-based mental health programmes

Charges fees
(we provide financial assistance to eligible clients)

Available in Malay, English, Mandarin and Cantonese.

Other things you can do to advocate.
1. Support the call to criminalise cyber sexual grooming in Malaysia with a pledge at rage.com.my/predator (scroll all the way down)

2. Report child pornography through the INHOPE Internet reporting hotlines.inhope.org/gns/report-here

3. Join the #ReplyForAll conversation on social media and share online safety tips.

4. Become a U-Reporter and participate in polls on the issue. Register at malaysia.ureport.in

5.Couselling centre located in St Francis Xavier Church, Petaling Jaya - it's non-profit & open to public, eventhough office is in church premise.
here's the contact details that you can pass on:
tel/fax: 03-79577136
email: [email protected]
person-in-charge: Mr Francis Joachim

6. Malaysian Mental Health Association
8, Jalan 4/33, Off, Jalan Othman, Petaling Jaya, 46000, Petaling Jaya, Selangor
03-7782 5499 https://g.co/kgs/nSwXny

Mental Health Association of Sarawak for a counselling service(every Monday and Wednesday, 2pm-4pm, Saturdays, 9am-12pm.)

7.Bodhi Counselling Phoneline (Kuching) 082256428
Monday &Thursday 7-9 pm.
Message to 012-8276722 to request for face to face counselling. Give name and brief reason for counselling.

8. Befrienders Kuching Sarawak at 082-242800 (6.30pm-9.30pm daily)

If there is an updated list, I will update it here

Credit to Tuan Syed Azmi for compiling this list.

Bless you.

[USA]_List of lots of scholarship in the US. Please help to share and tag your friend. You can google the name of the scholarship to get direct link!

Xin gửi đến các bạn một số học bổng cho chương trình Cử Nhân, Thạc sĩ, Tiến sĩ, Học giả tại Hoa Kỳ. Ngoài ra, tại các ÐH Mỹ (top 200) đều có học bổng cho chương trình Thạc sĩ & Tiến sĩ, các bạn tham khảo trên website của Department tìm hiểu về Fellowship, Research Assistantship, Teaching Assistantship.
National Universities Rankings: http://colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/…/national-un…

1. Southeast Asia Youth Leadership Program (SEAYLP)
http://vietnam.usembassy.gov/yseali.html
This intensive four-week exchange program in the United States aims at promoting high-quality leadership, civic responsibility, volunteerism, and respect for diversity. Each year, five Vietnamese high-school students and one teacher (who acts as chaperone) are selected for this program and are joined by similar groups from other Southeast Asian countries. It is designed to enable teenagers, ages 15-17, and teachers to travel to the United States for a program focused on building a sense of community, developing civil society and economic institutions, and recognizing the commonalities among Southeast Asians and Americans.
Timeline
July-August: Call for applications
September: Submission of applications to the Embassy; screening and interviews
October: Nomination of finalists to Washington
November: Selection results available from Washington; departure of selected candidates
Contact: Contact info: Tel: 84-4-3850-5000; Email: [email protected].
Source: http://vietnam.usembassy.gov/educational_exchange.html…

2. Undergraduate Intensive English Language Study Program (UIELSP)
This program enrolls undergraduate students in the East Asia and Pacific region who demonstrate the potential to become student leaders in an eight-week intensive English Language course at colleges and universities in the United States with a focus on English language acquisition, leadership skill building, and civic education and engagement. It also provides participants with an introduction to American institutions, society and culture.
Timeline
Oct-Nov: Call for applications
December: Deadline for submission of applications to the Embassy
Dec-Jan: Screening of applications; interviews of shortlisted candidates
February: Nomination of finalists to Washington
March: Selection and placement results available from Washington
June: Departure of selected candidates
Contact: Contact info: Tel: 84-4-3850-5000; Email: [email protected].
Source: http://vietnam.usembassy.gov/educational_exchange.html…

3. Global Undergraduate Exchange Program (Global UGRAD)
This program provides scholarships for one semester or one academic year of study at a U.S. university. The goal is to provide a diverse group of emerging student leaders, from non-elite and under-represented groups, with a substantive exchange experience at a U.S. college or university, with in-depth exposure to U.S. society, culture and academic institutions. Students are selected based on 1) academic record, 2) leadership skills and potential, 3) community involvement and extra-curricular activities, and 4) English proficiency (minimum TOEFL score of 525 (paper-based) or 70 (iBT).
Timeline
September: Call for applications
November: Deadline for submission of applications to the Embassy
Nov-Dec: Screening of applications; interviews of shortlisted candidates
December: Nomination of finalists to Washington
March: Selection results available from Washington
June: Placement information available
July: Departure of selected candidates (whole academic year program)
January: Departure of selected candidates (semester program)
Contact: Contact info: Tel: 84-4-3850-5000; Email: [email protected].
Source: http://vietnam.usembassy.gov/educational_exchange.html…

4. Fulbright Vietnamese Student Program
The Fulbright Vietnamese Student Program is a competitive, merit-based scholarship program which recruits and nominates young Vietnamese professionals for Master’s degree programs at U.S. universities. Approximately 20 to 25 fully-funded scholarships are granted on an annual basis for students in social sciences and humanities. Successful applicants will receive support in university placement and a full scholarship which covers tuition and fees, monthly stipend, round-trip airfare to the U.S. and health insurance. Selection is based on study objectives, work experience, understanding of the chosen field of study, impact potential, leadership, academic excellence and English proficiency.
Timeline
December: Grant announcement
April: Application deadline
June – July: Application review and semi-finalist selection
September: Interviews & finalist selection
October: Finalists take GRE/GMAT/TOEFL iBT
November: U.S. universities placement
April - May: Confirmation of final university placement
May: Pre-departure orientation
June – July: Medical check-up and visa application
July – August: Departure
Contact: Contact info: Tel: 84-4-3850-5000; Email: [email protected].
Source: http://vietnam.usembassy.gov/educational_exchange.html…

5. Vietnamese Fulbright Scholar Program
The Council for International Exchange of Scholars (CIES) assists in the administration of the Fulbright Scholar Exchange Program for faculty and professionals. Started in 1998, the Program recruits and nominates Vietnamese scholars for placement by CIES as lecturers and researchers in U.S. universities for terms of three to 10 months. From six to eight scholars from Vietnam travel to the United States on an annual basis.
Timeline
October: Deadline of application submission
November – December: Peer Review Panel
January: Interview the shortlisted candidates
End of January: Submission of semi-finalist candidates to Washington
February - March: Selection results available from Washington
April – July: Affiliation and Visa Process
August: Pre-departure Orientation for the departing grantee
Contact: Contact info: Tel: 84-4-3850-5000; Email: [email protected].
Source: http://vietnam.usembassy.gov/educational_exchange.html…

6. Hubert H. Humphrey Fellowship Program
This is a one year, non-degree, full scholarship program offered to promising mid-career professionals who have proven track records of leadership and a strong commitment to public service. Participants in the program spend one academic year at a leading U.S. university doing their self-designed program of academic course work, participating in professional affiliations off-campus, field trips, special workshops and seminars in their field of study.
Timeline
April: Call for applications
May: Information sessions held in Hanoi and HCMC
Early August: Deadline for submission of applications to the Embassy
Aug-Sep: Screening of applications; Institutional TOEFL for shortlisted candidates; interviews
October 1: Nomination of finalists to Washington
October: Finalists take official iBT
Feb-Mar: Selection results available from Washington
March/April: Departure for the U.S. (fellows needing Long Term English)
May: Placement results available
June-August: Departure for the U.S. (fellows not needing Long Term English)
Contact: Contact info: Tel: 84-4-3850-5000; Email: [email protected].
Source: http://vietnam.usembassy.gov/educational_exchange.html…

7. Ambassador’s Fund for Cultural Preservation – AFCP
Since its creation by the U.S. Congress in 2001, the U.S. Ambassadors Fund for Cultural Preservation has provided financial support to more than 640 cultural preservation projects in more than 100 countries. The AFCP shows the depth of the U.S. respect for the cultural heritage of other countries. Ten preservation projects in Vietnam, averaging $20,000 each, have been funded by the AFCP, ranging from intangible heritage such as the Then Music of the Tay minority to tangibles such as pagoda statues, museum collections and historical/architectural monuments. In 2010, a major project ($74,500) was granted to Hanoi Department of Culture, Sports and Tourism to preserve the 18th century O Quan Chuong Gate – the only one of the 16 gates that remains of ancient Hanoi, as a gift from the U.S. Ambassador to the people of Hanoi as the city celebrated its 1000th birthday.
Timeline for the 2011 AFCP program:
October: Calls for proposals from Vietnamese organizations
Nov: Proposal Screening
December: Submission of proposal to Washington
July: Selection results available from Washington
Contact: Contact info: Tel: 84-4-3850-5000; Email: [email protected].
Source: http://vietnam.usembassy.gov/educational_exchange.html…

8. Small Grants Program for civil society organizations
The Small Grants Program is designed to assist countries around the world to strengthen democracy, human rights, civil society, and rule of law, and to combat extremism in their countries by making grants of up to $20,000 to local non-governmental and not-for-profit organizations. Proposals must support program activities that promote democratic practices, including civil society, freedom of information and independent media, transparency in government, NGO capacity building, rule of law and judicial reform, civic education, conflict resolution, human rights, ethnic, minority and women's rights.
Timeline
March: Call for proposals from Vietnamese organizations
May: Submission of proposals by Vietnamese organizations
May-June: Proposal screening by Embassy Committee
June: Submission of shortlisted proposals to Washington
August: Selection results available from Washington
Contact: Contact info: Tel: 84-4-3850-5000; Email: [email protected].
Source: http://vietnam.usembassy.gov/educational_exchange.html…

9. VEF Fellowship Program for 2018 (?)
The Fellowship application and selection process is open, competitive, and transparent. Applicants do not need to pay any fees to anyone in order to apply or be considered for a VEF Fellowship. Winners are chosen based on individual merit, including academic performance and preparation, intellectual capabilities, English proficiency, and the potential for contribution to scientific education and research.
Contact: fellowship@vef.gov, information@vef.gov
Source: http://www.vef.gov/details.php?mid=6&cid=392
10. VEF Visiting Scholar Program 2017 - 2018 (?)
VEF Visiting Scholar Program (VSP) for Vietnamese nationals, who already hold a doctorate in any of the fields supported by VEF, namely, in the major disciplines of sciences (natural, physical, and environmental), mathematics, medicine (such as, public health), and technology (including information technology). Fields include the basic sciences, such as, biology, chemistry, and physics, as well as agricultural science, computer science, and engineering. Priority this year will be given to applicants, whose field of study focuses on climate change (environmental sciences) or on nuclear energy, provided that all other qualifications are equal.
Contact: vs@vef.gov, information@vef.gov
Source: http://www.vef.gov/details.php?mid=7&cid=393