【防疫知多D】新型肺炎用什麼藥？
近月2019冠狀病毒病(Coronavirus Disease 2019, COVID-19)（俗稱「武漢肺炎」）肆虐全球，藥罐子相信大家時刻都已經勤洗手和戴口罩提高警覺防疫。
據報雖說至今尚無藥物可以獲美國食品藥物管理局(U.S. Food and Drug Administration, FDA)授權拿來專門治療這種新型肺炎[1]，不過現在有一些藥卻已經在美國拿來治療這種新型肺炎。
至少在美國。
這些藥便是……
Chloroquine、Hydroxychloroquine。
首先Chloroquine和Hydroxychloroquine本來是一種抗瘧疾藥，不用問，當然主要用來治療瘧疾(Malaria)，乍看好像跟新型肺炎扯不上關係。
不過這兩種藥偏偏就是在體外(In Vitro)對嚴重急性呼吸系統症候群冠狀病毒2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2)這種誘發新型肺炎的新型冠狀病毒株[2][3][4]有抗病毒的功能，所以在中國Chloroquine被建議加入來治療新型肺炎。[5]
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Reference:
1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-2019), Healthcare Professionals, Clinical Care, updated 21 March 2020. Available at https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/therapeutic-options.html#r6 (Accessed 25 Mar 2020)
2. Wang M, Cao R, Zhang L, Yang X, Liu J, Xu M, Shi Z, Hu Z, Zhong W, Xiao G. Remdesivir and chloroquine effectively inhibit the recently emerged novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in vitro. Cell Res. 2020;30(3):269-271.
3. Colson P, Rolain JM, Lagier JC, Brouqui P, Raoult D. Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine as available weapons to fight COVID-19. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2020:105932. doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105932. [Epub ahead of print]
4. Yao X, Ye F, Zhang M, Cui C, Huang B, Niu P, Liu X, Zhao L, Dong E, Song C, Zhan S, Lu R, Li H, Tan W, Liu D. In Vitro Antiviral Activity and Projection of Optimized Dosing Design of Hydroxychloroquine for the Treatment of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Clin Infect Dis. 2020 Mar 9. pii: ciaa237. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa237. [Epub ahead of print]
5. Gao J, Tian Z, Yang X. Breakthrough: Chloroquine phosphate has shown apparent efficacy in treatment of COVID-19 associated pneumonia in clinical studies. Biosci Trends. 2020;14(1):72-73.
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