「地獄空」攝影集即將在八月中元節前出版,由知名設計師與攝影家黃子欽設計,內附在下二位高徒精美繪製符咒、心經版畫書籤、愣嚴咒牌、尊勝咒語...等,感恩十方大德助印,希望疫情退散,平安喜樂,後記如下:
野放台灣五十餘年,貪狼獨坐,三方四正殺破狼格局,少年多舛,白手起家,隨展覽雲遊四海,如閒雲野鶴常持各類底片機流連廢墟、山川、宮廟忘返,遂設幻影堂自詡堂主,一日三省「凡所有相皆是虛妄」,常宅於暗房沖片放大通宵、鍾情黑白世界之單純,彩色照片俗世繽紛花俏做作甜美甚至比現實更現實故少拍也。知天命之年有餘,了悟人生一瞬、眨眼即逝,雖非仙人,亦無道骨,初聞離垢地生清淨心,但離華嚴「不動地」尚遠,待修持也。
2017年盛暑拍畢《巨神連線》,心律不整差點心肌梗塞向閻羅王報到,意識死神隨伺在側,人生苦短,如何了生脫死、盡斷煩惱、無所罣礙、遠離顛倒……總不得解,蒙釋迦摩尼佛開示飆淚三晝夜,聞佛法數載始知自我渺如塵埃,甚感慚愧。閒暇乃參訪名寺古剎,禮敬焚香佛陀菩薩羅漢諸神天仙王爺媽娘,台灣宮廟千奇百怪、宗派錯綜複雜(佛教、道教、一貫道、天主教、基督教、齋教、回教&大同教、儒教鑾堂、天帝教&天德教、慈惠堂&勝安宮、軒轅教、道院、理教、萬國道德會、會靈山……)、神棍橫行(依人不依法、偶像崇拜、斂財、邪淫),因歷史變遷、社會動盪、政治鬥爭、意識形態等因素導致佛道混雜,但地獄造景稀少,後專注拍攝各殿閻王、判官、陰司、獄卒、七爺、八爺乃至一切罪人,各寺造景巧妙、耐人尋味,意境乖張溢於言表,造型扭曲非常人所能塑也,然匠心獨運、自成一格,專研西方藝術數十載方知真誠樸拙最美,絲毫不輸喬托(Giotto di Bondone,1267~1337)乃至米開朗基羅(Michelangelo Di lodovico Buonarroti Simoni 1475 ~ 1564)矣。
創立於1986年的石門金剛宮風景優美可眺望北濱,雖主祀四面佛,儒釋道眾神尊也不含糊,可過七星橋解厄、繞行五百黝黑羅漢敲鑼印心、跪拜亞洲最大臥佛涅槃像,安太歲自不在話下,甲子太歲爺雙眼長出手掌印象甚深,1994年經閻羅王指示廟公建造一條肚內設極樂世界及陰曹地府之神龍,行走暗黑通道觸動感應機關,只見面容猙獰受刑者呼天搶地喊冤、身邊盡是血肉糢糊殘肢敗屍腦漿塗地,十殿閻羅各司其職、威儀攝人。新北市林口區青嶺湖北文紫祥宮包公廟則以壁面彩塑地獄浮雕獨步全台,粉嫩色彩搭配卡漫風格,尤為造型簡直恐怖到可愛透頂,該廟主祀森羅殿閻羅天子包拯(包青天),陽世冤屈者可至此參拜祭解,求破懸案者眾,逢中元普渡皆以紙紮船渡亡魂至彼岸,全台唯一閻羅天子巨像籌備中,四周環繞墓地,適合修不淨觀也。台灣首尊彰化八卦山大佛旁南天宮(1971)地府則是首座電動地府,規模精小但驚嚇度破表,略顯破敗但五光十色仍蠻凶悍,出自已故台南大道長金登富之作,而電動神明起始可追溯至1960年代北港朝天宮。倒是嘉義水上鄉白人牙膏觀光工廠「戴相府」、「將軍府」設置十殿地府出乎意料之外,乾淨亮麗、ㄧ殿ㄧ間、簡單樸實。由高雄蓮潭龍虎塔龍口入內可見全臺唯一交趾陶地獄牆面,尊尊栩栩如生,續入龍身乃進聞聲救苦白衣觀音大士三十三化身浮雕隧道,造型設色甚為古錐。高雄大岡山超峰寺入口處「西方三聖蓮池海會」(阿彌陀佛、觀世音菩薩、大勢至菩薩巨像)旁設靜態十殿閻羅(1970年代初),雖略為陳舊然韻味猶存,續往上行可抵「證菩提道-釋迦如來應化事迹」雕塑園區,一攬世尊畢生精華。如來年邁時,琉璃國王為報長期被釋迦族輕蔑之傲慢心,世尊雖三次單獨伽跌坐 阻擋大軍進攻之路,但因緣果報無法逆轉,昔日婢女所生王子瞋恨無以復加,還是滅了祖國。自持神通第一目犍連不忍無辜百姓慘遭屠殺,遂以缽盛救度五百族人,最終卻化為血水,佛言神通廣大仍不敵千百劫業力,因緣果報屢試不爽。其母死後墜入餓鬼道飢餓難耐,目犍連遂展神通救渡,但所食尚未入口皆化為赤火,佛陀囑咐農曆七月十五日僧眾解安居自恣日,於盆中設甘露美食供養十方僧眾,因此超度亡母。後世「盂蘭盆法會」乃至「水懺法會」、「瑜珈焰口法會 」皆為消業障、斷塵垢之超渡儀軌,既渡亡魂也自懺悔。
台南麻豆代天府規模宏大、造型豔麗,不但可遊十八層地獄尚可逛天堂(1979年興建,1983年開放),燈光絢爛、聲響駭人,獨自漫步宛如觀落陰、地獄走一回。先過「心頭山」、入「清心池」、進「陰陽界」、抵「交簿廳」、達「鬼門關」、遊「補經所」、探「枉死城」、行「奈何橋」,至ㄧ殿泰廣王照「孽鏡台」現造惡原形,睹抱柱、火床等小地獄。二殿楚江王開「陰查簿 」判案定奪,觀糞尿泥、餓鬼、舞池、寒冰、膿血、鞭韃、舌犁、劍葉、戟腹拋接、砧截……等小地獄。三殿宋帝王刑罰為倒吊、銅鐵刮臉、挖眼、搗樁、倒烤、吸血、穿肋、抽筋、蛆蛀等小地獄……兼遊「四生(胎、卵、濕、化)回魂府」。四殿五官王掌管腰斬、拔舌、沸湯、刺嘴、剝皮、箭樹、車崩、射眼……等十六小地獄。隨五殿森羅王豋「望鄉臺」回眸親人最終眼後觀擊膝、誅心、刀山、飛刀火石……小地獄。六殿卞城王別稱「大叫喚大地獄」,轄火牛、虎啖、噬腎、鉗嘴含鍼、釘喉、磨摧、砍頭……等小地獄。七殿泰山王為「熱惱大地獄」,窺烙手指、抽腸、頂石蹲身、油釜滾烹、割舌穿腮……等十六小地獄。八殿都市王掌管「大熱惱大地獄」兼火狗、鐵汁、鐵蛇、鋸劈斷肢、釘板、灸脊、鐵丸、磅秤……等小地獄。九殿平等王直轄十八層「阿鼻大地獄」,直透地心、內中陰森、不見五指、滿溢地漿,皆為極犯,另轄紫赤毒蛇鑽孔、夾頂、鐵鴉、針雨、蜂蠍……等小地獄。至十殿輪轉王上「觀生臺」、「轉劫所八司」(查驗司 、稽善司 、考過司 、恩怨司 、壽命司 、支配司、掌劫司 、授生司)後至「孟婆亭」飲「醧忘湯」忘盡前塵往事,依前世功德過金、銀、玉、石、木、竹六種橋樑至「轉輪臺(紫河車)」入六道輪迴轉生投胎。據《十八泥犁經》記載,人過世後七七四十九天為「中陰生」,經閻羅王審判善惡業力判定去留或懲罰百千萬劫,犯五逆重罪則墮入「無間地獄(阿鼻地獄)」永劫不復。地藏王乃幽冥教主,統轄十殿閻羅,逢三曹普渡便在各殿設「講道所」超度尚存善根之鬼魂。
人類居於五趣(阿修羅、人、傍生、餓鬼、地獄)雜居地五濁惡世之堪忍世界,犯十惡業(殺生、偷盜、邪淫、妄語、兩舌、惡口、綺語、貪慾、嗔恚、愚痴)者必墮三趣惡道。如何出「三界」(欲界、色界、無色界)二十八天?凡人無此意識,別說能破「十二因緣」(無明、行、識、名色、六入、觸、受、愛、取、有、生、老死)還滅門,更別想斷除「四聖諦」(苦、集、滅、道)集地八十一品見惑與八十八使思惑(五利使-身見、邊見、邪見、見取見、戒禁取見、五鈍使-貪、瞋、癡、慢、疑),了悟「五蘊」(色、受、想、行、識)本空、「十二入」(眼、耳、鼻、舌、意、色、聲、香、味、觸、法)空、「十八界」空,破俱生我執與分別我執、法執甚至空執,生十一處「善心所」(信、精進、慚、愧、無貪、無瞋、無痴、輕安、不放逸、行捨、不害),降二十六處「惡心所」(貪、瞋、癡、慢、疑、惡見、忿、恨、覆、惱、嫉、慳、誑、諂、害、憍、無慚、無愧、掉舉、惛沉、不信、懈怠、放逸、失念、散亂、不正知),須知善根斷盡則陷永劫輪迴、無垠轉世之苦。
地獄可能空滅嗎?若地獄空乏人間多鬼怪,地獄淨空世間何嘗非淨土?若能證空性何處現地獄?
地獄曠古來便廣泛流傳各部族間,老死生滅為自然運行之基礎、宇宙意識之核心,然今文明昌盛如咱城邦並非慾望消弭之所,惡性所及實無可根除,礙於憲法國家法律社會軍隊企業公司學校家庭團體之層層束縛不亞於十八層,乃遁於壓抑、束己情懷,暗埋心底、日久貪嗔痴慢疑怨噌會疊穢。而六塵未熄,心多妄念,妖魔鬼怪魑魅魍魎孤魂閃靈出沒於荒郊乃至人間,會靈於曠野密林以增性靈乃出世高人修煉之舉,我等凡人擅闖宛如迪士尼般之人造地獄,三魂七魄尚不足以出竅,驚邪恐怖淒厲猙獰倒滿足了自以為是的慚愧,豈不謬哉?
病毒肆虐年半有餘,全球確診者逼近一億八千萬,枉死者近四百萬,堪比戰爭規模,望眾生發慈悲心、令往生者安息、善待其他物種、平等有情眾生。地獄本空,唯妄念生起一切羨慕嫉妒恨而地獄現前。盡以此書作為世界新冷戰獨裁者、超限戰者、暗網駭客、陰險狡猾冷嘲熱諷落井下石者之良知備忘錄矣。
姚瑞中寫於2021年端午節
Postscript
I have been living recklessly in Taiwan for more than fifty years. According to Zi Wei Dou Shu (Purple Star Astrology), Tan Lang is the sole star in my house of Self. This star, which represents xxx, forms an equilateral triangle with that star Qi Sha and Po Jun on the square chart and constitutes a Sha Po Lang pattern. The pattern indicates a kind of turbulence and change, a life of wandering with ups and downs and it tells a lot about my life. After my ill-fated youth, I started from scratch and traveled around the world with exhibitions that I participated. Like a flaneur, I wandered around ruins, nature, and temples with every type of film camera obliviously. Thus, I founded the Hall of Illusion and claimed to be the master of the hall. Several times a day, I pondered a quote from the Diamond Sutra, “Everything with form is unreal.” In addition, I usually stayed in the darkroom developing film and enlarging those negatives overnight. However, I treasured the simplicity of the black and white world. The earthly, gaudy, garish, phony and pleasing qualities within colored photos make the images even more realistic than the real world. It is not my cup of tea, so I seldom took colored photos. In Confucian thought, the age of fifty marks the stage knowing the mandate of Heaven. I am now at my fifties and realize how ephemeral human life is. However, I am not an immortal, nor having sagelike characteristics. I just learned that the stage of stainless (the second bhūmi) and develop a pure mind that is free from doubt and defilement. However, I’m still far from the immovable state and need to practice.
In the summer of 2017, after filming the work Incarnation, I experienced a severe heart rhythm problem which almost triggered myocardial infarction and could have killed me. Consequently, I realized that death was waiting for me and the life is too short to figure out how I can liberate myself from the cycle of Birth and Death. I couldn’t comprehend how to be free from all afflictions and worries and how to avoid delusive ideas. I wept for three days and nights after being enlightened by Shakyamuni Buddha. Up to the moment, I felt ashamed that I failed to realize that the self is as insignificant as dust after these years learning and practicing Buddhism. Since then, I have visited famous temples and monasteries in my spare time, worshiping Buddha, Bodhisattvas, arhats, and all the deities and immortals. Taiwan’s temples are myriad with a enormous number of sects, including Buddhism, Taoism, Yiguandao, Catholicism, Christianity, Chinese religions of fasting, Islam& Baháʼí Faith, Confucianism, Tiandiism& Tian-De Teachings, Xiwangmu cult, Yellow Emperor Sect, Precosmic Salvationism, Liism, World Wide Ethical Society, séance cult, etc. Some people even claim that they can mediate communication between the deities or spirits of the dead with human beings, having their believer rely on themselves instead of the orthodox dharma or dogma and pay excessive respect and admiration for the mediums or objects, accumulating wealth through such an unfair means or even harassing their believer sexually. Due to Taiwan’s historical changes, social turbulence, political struggles, and ideological issues, Buddhism and Taoism are somehow mixed. However, there are few emphases on the concept of the hell. As I took photographs of Yama of each court, judges, wardens of the underworld, jailers, General Fan and Hsieh (the ghost escorts) and all sinners, I found few temples cleverly created hellish scenes that are intriguing, exaggerating, and extraordinary. However, the creations are unparalleled unique. I have been studying Western arts for decades and then I came to realize that simplicity makes the most beautiful works of art. These hellish scenes can even compete with works of Giotto di Bondone (1267-1337) and Michelangelo Di lodovico Buonarroti Simoni (1475-1564).
Jingang Temple Shimen District, founded in 1986, overlooks the beautiful North shore. Although the temple is mainly dedicated to Phra Phrom (the Thai representation of Mahabrahma), spirits of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism can also be founded in the temple. The worshipper can go cross the Seven Star bridge to relieve bad luck, walk along the five hundred arhat statues and knock on the gong to affirm one’s Buddha nature. Furthermore, the worshipper can also prostrate themself before Asia’s largest statue of Buddha in Nirvana (the Reclining Buddha statue) and pacify the Taoist Tai Sui deity of the year. I was impressed by the Jia-Zi Tai Sui General that a pair of palms grow out of his eyes. In 1994, the biō-kong (the person taking charge of the temporal affairs of a temple) received a divine inspiration from Yama (the King of Hell) that he had to build a sacred hall in the shape of a divine dragon, with the interior designed according to the World of Ultimate Bliss and the Underworld. When the visitor walks in the dark hallway, they will see the tortured people (dioramas, of course) scrunching their faces and crying bitterly and loudly in excessive grief as the visitor triggers the mechanism. One will even find them in the midst of flesh, body liquid and blood, mutilated limbs, and rotten corpses. While each of the ten Yamas are focusing on their own duties, showing their sacred dignity that collect visitors’ attention. The Baogong Temple in Linkou District, New Taipei City exclusively features colorful depiction of hellish scenes in relief in Taiwan. With its pastel shades and cartoon-like style, the relief is both grotesque and adorable at the same time. This temple is dedicated to Bao Zhen (also known as Justice Bao) representing the incarnation of Yama. Living people who have been treated unjustly can come worshipping Bao Gong and receive exorcism. Therefore, many people come here for seeking to solve unsolved cases. In Zhongyuan Festival (the ghost festival), the temple will burn the Zhizha (paper craft) boat to ferry the ghosts to the other shore, which is the shore of enlightenment. The only giant statue of Yama in Taiwan is still in the making. The temple is surrounded by a cemetery, suitable for meditating on the loathsomeness and impurity. Nantian Temple (1971), located next to the Eight Trigram Mountains Buddha in Changhua, features the first animatronic underworld. Despite the small size, the animatronic underworld is intensely shocking. Though it’s slightly worn, the colorful dioramas are still brutally ferocious. The creator was the late venerable Dao Zhang (Taoist priest) Jing Deng-fu while the origin of animatronic deities can be traced back to the 1960s Beigang Chaotian Temple. On the contrary, the Whiteman Toothpaste Tourism Factory in Shuishang Township, Chiayi, features ten Yamas with individual booth. The place is unexpectedly clean and polished yet keeps a simple and modest tone. Then, the Dragon Pagoda of the Dragon and Tiger Pagodas at Lotus Lake in Zuoying, Kaohsiung, holds the only relief of hellish scenes made of Kochin ceramic. All the figures are vivid and life-like. If one goes further into the pagoda, they will see a relief tunnel of the thirty-three incarnations of the white-robed form of Guanyin (Avalokiteśvara) on a white lotus, with a lovely and interesting design. Another Hall of Yama is built in the 1970s next to the entrance of Dagangshan Chaofeng Temple, located in the Alian District of Kaohsiung. Visitors will also see three statues of the Three Holy Ones of the Western Pureland (Amitābha, Avalokiteśvara, Mahāsthāmaprāpta) which assemble at a lotus pond. Although the hellish scene looks somewhat antiquated, you may still find its previous charm. If one goes further, they will reach the sculptural garden of “Attaining the Bodhi Way: the Incarnation of Sakyamuni Buddha,” where the visitor can see the essence of Bhagavato’s (meaning the Blessed one, one of the common epithets for Buddha) life. When Tathāgata (another epithet for Buddha) was old, the king of Kosala wanted to avenge the arrogance of the tribe of Shakyas who had long despised him, regarding him as a son of a maiden. Although Buddha has sat in lotus position alone three times to stop the army from attacking his tribe. However, one can never reverse the cause and following karma. The prince born of a maiden was so furious that he eventually destroyed his homeland. Maudgalyāyana (one of the Buddha’s closest disciples), who is said to have had supernatural abilities that surpassed the other disciples, could not bear to see the slaughter of innocent people. Thus, he saved five hundred people of his tribe with a pātra (an eating utensil of Buddhist monks). Unfortunately, everything he did was in vain, those who were saved eventually turned into a puddle of blood. The Buddha said that the supernatural abilities cannot surpass the power of karma. The cause and effect work all the time. When Maudgalyāyana’s mother fell into the path of hungry ghost, he used his supernatural abilities to save his mother from hunger. However, all the food turned into fire before being fed to his mother. Later, the Buddha commanded the monks to put nectar and dishes in a basin on the 15th day of the seventh month in the lunar calendar for the monks from all directions to free his mother from reincarnation. In later times, the Ullambana Dharma Service, the Compassionate Samadhi Water Repentance, and the Yoga Collection for Feeding the Searing Mouths Dharma Service are rituals to eliminate karmic hindrance and to cease to worldly delusions. Through such practices, one can free the dead as well as confess their repentance.
Madou Daitian Temple is a magnificent and colorful temple in Tainan. Not only can the worshippers visit the eighteen levels of Hell but also the Heaven (it was built in 1979 and inaugurated in 1983) here. The lighting and sound effects are stunning and frightening. When walking alone in the space, one may feel like taking a Guan Luo Yin trip (a Taoist necromancy which leads people’s spirits to hell and communicate with the dead ones) to visit the underworld prison. Before arriving the first court of the underworld, the visitor will walk through the Mountain of Heart Summit, the Pure Heart Pond, the Frontier between the Living and the Dead Realms, the Soul Registry Hall, the Portico of Demons, the Center for Complementary Teaching of Canonical Books, the Citadel of Premature Death, and the Bridge of Vanity. When one arrives at the first court, they will see King Chin-guang, who is in charge of the court, using the Mirror of Retribution to show the earthly form of evil creatures and also witness the sub-hell of Pillar-Holding and Fire Bed, etc. At the second court, King Chu-jiang collates the register of sins the souls of the dead have committed to impose the punishments. Here, you will see the sub-hell of Excrement and Urine, Hungry Ghost, Burning Dance Floor, Ice, Pus and Blood, Whipping, Tongue-Raking, Sword Blade, Stomach-Piercing, Chopping, etc. Next, the dead at the third court, ruled by King Song-di, will receive the punishments including inversion tortures, face-skinning with steel and copper knife, eye-wrenching, pounding, blood-sucking, rib-piercing, roasting, tendon-taking, being eaten by maggots. The visitor can pay a visit to the Palace of Soul-Resuscitation for the Four Forms of Creatures (birth from an egg, birth from a womb, birth from moisture, and birth by transformation). King Wu-guan is in charge of the fourth court. There are sixteen sub-hells at the fourth court including Waist Chop, Tongue Removal, Boiling Pond, Mouth-stabbing, Skin-peeling, Sword Tree, Burning Wheels and Cart, Eye-shooting, etc. Next, at the fifth court, sinful souls are allowed to ascend the Tower of Hometown-Viewing to take a final look of their family. The visitor will witness sub-hells of Knee-striking, Heart-slicing, Blade Mountain, Flying Swords and Burning Stones, etc. The King of Bian City takes charge of the sixth court, which is also known as the “Great Hell of Screaming,” with sub-hells including Fire Cattle, Tiger-Biting, Kidney-Eating, Mouth-Poking, Throat-Nailing, Iron Mill, Decapitation, etc. The King of Tai-shan is in charge of the seventh court, the “Great Hell of Heat and Fire.” The sixteen sub-hells at this court include Finger-Searing, Bowel-Hauling, Stone-Bearing, Boiling Oil, Tongue-Removal and Cheek-Piercing, etc. Next, the King Du-shi is in charge of the eighth court, the “Great Hell of Intense Fire and Heat,” and the sub-hells including Fire Dogs, Molten Iron, Iron Snakes, Dismemberment, Steel Spikes, Burning-Marrow, Iron Ball, Scale, etc. The ninth court is ruled by the King Ping-deng. It is known as the biggest court, Avici Hell (the Hell of Incessant Suffering), which if the lowest level of the hell realm and the interior is gloomily and terrifyingly dark. Those who committed the most serious evil deed will be sent to the Avici Hell. Sub-hells such as Poisonous Snake, Brain-Removal, Crow-Gnawing, Raining Needles, Wasps and Scorpions are included at this court. After arriving the tenth court, ruled by the Great King of the Reincarnation Palace, one can visit the “Observatory of Life on earth” and the “eight bureaus of the Reincarnation Palace” (including the Bureau of Judicial Control, the Bureau of Good-Actions, the Bureau of Bad-Actions, the Bureau of Debts, Gratitude, and Vengeance, the Bureau of Longevity and Destiny, the Bureau of Familial Ties, the Bureau of the Reincarnated, and the Bureau of Birth). The sinful one will be sent to the Pavilion of Mengpo and made to drink the Soup of Forgetfulness to forget all past affairs. According to the sinful one’s merits of previous life, they will go across one of the six bridges (gold, silver, jade, stone, wood, bamboo) to the “Reincarnation-Wheel (Wheel on the Crimson River).” Finally, one is able to reborn in the six realms. According to the Aṣṭadaśa nāraka sutra ( the Eighteen Hells Sutra), after one passes away, they will enter an intermediate and transitional state between death and rebirth, known as antarābhava in Sanskrit, for forty-nine days. The being will be evaluated by Yama, who will decide if one should get reborn or get punished at the hell. Those who committed the Five Grave Offenses (killing one’s father, killing one’s mother, killing an Arhat, shedding the blood of a Buddha, and creating a schism within the community of Buddhist monks and nun who practice for attaining enlightenment.) will be sent to the Avici Hell and stay there eternally. Kṣitigarbha is the Lord of the Nether World, ruling the ten court of Hell. The lord will set up the “Hall of Teaching” at each court to salvage those sinful ones who still obtain few merits at the offering rituals.
Human beings live the Sahā world (sahāloka in Sanskrit, meaning “endurance of suffering,” a concept of mundane world in Mahāyāna Buddhism) where they share with other reincarnations (including beings of the hells, of the preta, and of malevolent nature spirits) with five turbidities (the Kalpa turbidity, the view turbidity, the affliction turbidity, the living beings turbidity, and the life turbidity). Those who commit the ten evil deeds (killing, stealing, adultery, lying, using immoral language, slandering, equivocating, coveting, anger, and false views) must fall into the three evil paths (animals, preta, and hell). However, how can one escape from the three realms/ twenty-eight heavens (including the six heavens of the desire realm, the eighteen heavens of the form realm, and the four heavens of the formless realm)? Worldly people who don’t have such an awareness cannot leave the cycle of the twelve nidanas (meaning causes or motivations), let alone eliminate the eighty-one afflictions (that have been produced due to misunderstanding regarding reality) and the eighty-eight illusions (including five afflictions of advanced practitioners, also known as five views: view of self, extreme view, evil view, view of attachment to views, and view of morality; and five unintelligent temptations: desire, anger, stupidity, arrogance, and doubt) of thought within the three realms and four Arya satyas (noble truths, including suffering, arising, ending, and path). They cannot realize that the essence of the five skandhas (referring to aggregates of clinging, including the matter of form, sensation, recognition, mental formation, and consciousness) , the twelve ayatana (meaning sense base, including six internal bases: eye, ear, nose, tongue, body, and mind and six external bases: visible objects, sound, odor, taste, touch, and mental objects), and the eighteen dhātavah (meaning compositional elements of human existence, including six consciousness, six faculties, and their objects) are the emptiness and the void. Furthermore, they cannot dispel the two reasons for clinging to the idea of the self and the attachment to elemental constructs and even believe in the two (false) tenets that that karma and nirvana are not real and that the ego and phenomena are real. As a consequence, they fail to develop the eleven wholesome mental factors (faith, energy, conscience, being ashamed, non-attachment, non-aggression, non-delusion, calmness, equanimity, conscientiousness, and non-injuriousness) and cease the sixteen unwholesome mental factors (desire, greed, anger, delusion, arrogance, doubt, wrong view, wrath, enmity, hypocrisy, vexation, jealousy, parsimony, deceit, flattery, harming, ambitiousness, stupidity, lacking of faith, idleness, being unrestrained, forgetting, distraction, non-discernment, ). One must bear in mind that once all our virtuous roots are discontinued, they will be trapped in the never-ending reincarnation and the suffering of infinite continuity.
Is it possible that the hell will be empty one day? If the beings in hell will become extinct while evil spirits inhabit the mundane world, the world could be considered as a pure land. If we could witness the nature of the void, then hell will exist no more.
Since ancient times, the concept of hell has been widely spread among all tribes. Aging, death, beginning, and end are the basis of nature and the core of cosmic consciousness. However, the prosperous civilization as our island is not a place where desire can be eliminated. It’s impossible to eradicate evil nature. Since fetters brought by the constitution, the state, the law, society, the military, corporations, schools, families, and groups are not less than the eighteen levels of hell, the mortals repress themselves, bury their feelings. Day after day, greed, anger, stupidity, arrogance, doubt, and resentment are stacking. However, since the six dust (visible objects, sound, odor, taste, touch, and mental objects) has not yet been extinguished, people in the mundane world are still full of delusions. The demons, devils, evil spirits, and the wondering dead exist in the wilderness, while only advanced practitioners with transcendent would attempt to make contact with the dead in the wasteland and forest. Worldly people like us trespass in Disneyland-like man-made hell. It is absurd and ridiculous that the hellish scenes cannot stop us from perpetrating evil deeds, but the horrific and cruel scenes yet satisfy our self-righteous shame.
The pandemic has been boiling over for more than a year and a half. The number of infected patients worldwide is nearly a hundred and eighty million, and the death toll has risen to four million, which is equivalent to a war crisis. I hope that we can all be compassionate, give peace to the dead, treat all sentient beings well and equally. The hell is innately empty; however, deluded and misleading thoughts would give rise to all jealousy and hatred and then manifest the hell before us. This book merely serves as a memorandum of conscience for dictators of the world’s new cold war, supporters of unrestrained warfare, dark web hackers, and those who are cunning and contemptuous and maltreat others when knowing they have problems.
June 2021,
Yao Jui-chung
同時也有1部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過6萬的網紅粒方不插電,也在其Youtube影片中提到,又要來推坑阿滴桌遊啦!這次要來玩的是戰鎚冥土世界,有興趣的話可以點以下連結:https://www.warhammer-world.info/home/product_detail/15 Warhammer Underworlds is a tactical arena combat game....
冥冥meaning 在 于玥心理師的心靈命理 Facebook 的最佳貼文
『好書推薦』過度飲食心理學
#過度飲食心理學 #斷食 #斷捨離
消費文化的崛起讓我們誤以為消費是一種社會意識型態:建立階級差別,以物質商品來決定持有者的社會地位和聲望。我們的身分地位往往無關於我們生產了什麼,而是和我們消費了什麼更有關係。
存在主義心理學家相信,心理壓力源自於存在的既定事實相關的衝突,像是道德、自由和本真性。
菲爾.庫什曼發表了一篇文章,題為『為什麼自我是空虛的。』,他認為:在16世紀現代紀元開始指出,西方世界開始有了轉變,從宗教性轉變為科學性的生產架構,並從鄉村生活轉變為城市生活,從社群主體轉為個人主體。人對自己的看法已經改變,開始只認識完整而且獨立的個體、擁有自由意志、能夠主宰整個環境。
換句話說,西方社會對於自我的概念改變了,個人需求和慾望被極大化了,而正是這樣歷史性的轉變奠定的基礎,讓象徵賦予時代的食物和物質的消耗大幅升高。同時這個轉變,也是『消費主義』逐漸發展成道德教條的關鍵元素,此後消費者的選擇和取得,變成了個人自由、快樂、權力的載體。
正如庫什曼的主張:『受到地形影響的自我,感受不到社群、傳統、共同意義(shared meaning)。這些社會層面的欠缺,正導致我們感受不到個人信念和價值;具體的顯現出來的,就是一種慢性、無差別、情緒性的飢渴。二戰後的自我渴望獲得和消耗,潛意識裡想要藉此補償自己所失去的一切。這是一種空虛感。』
我們所經歷的這些文化疾病,包括喪失社群和共同意義,還有焦慮或沮喪等個人缺陷,都是助長過度消費廣為蔓延的先決條件。我們越來越相信,所有的問題包括各種臨床上的病症,到更加普遍的空虛感,都源自於這個受限制的自我,於是轉而藉由消耗藥物、生活消費品、食物等等個人消費,來治療上述種種的疾病。
科林.坎貝爾社會心理學家提出『想像力豐富的享樂主義』,他認為現代的慾望享樂主義就存在於新奇商品所提供的幻想中。媒體和廣告呈現各種消費商品的影像和敘述,人也依次建構出心中的幻想;然而等到真正購買了這些產品時,卻發現他們根本滿足不了自己的想像慾望,因此感到失望。
換句話說,消費文化運用被理想化的形象和旁白,讓消費者在心中產生不足感,而廣吿中的產品正是解藥。這些沒有被滿足的慾望,必然導致更多渴望與更多消耗以滿足期待。也就是說,以消費主義處理心理上的需求,正是過度消費和過度飲食的成因。
同時,社會心理學家Briers與Laporte也發現當人對自己的相對財富感到不安的時候,往往會想攝取更多的熱量。這些關於食物和物質不安感的平行發現,等於提供了兩個線索,顯示有形物質方面的過度消耗和食物上的過度消耗,都是有某些相同的心理機制所產生的現象。
在整個欲求、獲得、失望的循環之中,最陰險的一點應該是,在有問題的社會意識形態影響下,我們根本體會不到消費主義的心理後果。我們反而認為問題出在自己身上,是自己一直不夠堅定、缺乏紀律,或者神經化學出了問題,因此轉而以更多消費作為解決方案, 於是產生對更多產品的需求,成為一個沒有終點的消費主義循環。
社會學家齊格蒙.鮑曼認為:在消費主義文化之下所處的全貧窮狀態,和歷史上所謂的貧窮,是截然不同的感受。從前因貧窮而產生的飢餓、疾病、流落街頭無家可歸,是對生存的直接威脅;現在在消費文化中所謂的相對貧窮,是一種社會狀態和心理狀態。消費文化下的窮人,與所謂的快樂人生是絕緣的。
他進一步描述:『在消費社會中,身為消費者,「不足感」比什麼都嚴重,那將導致降級與「自我放逐」的後果。只是因為不足感,無力履行身為消費者的義務,就得忍受種種痛苦,例如被忽略、被剝奪、被降級,眼睜睜看著別人獲准進門參加一場社會盛宴,而自己卻被俳句在門外。唯一的補救方法,也是逃離屈辱難堪困境的唯一出路,就是克服這種消費者的不足感。』
以上文字皆取自於「過度飲食心理學」一書
在過去我接觸到『斷食』這個概念的時候,我意外發現原來人們一天下來需要的熱量其實真的不多,前幾天我正好看到盧廣仲參加木曜的下班吃什麼的節目,他也提到他一次用餐的份量就是現代成人的1/3,因為他的家族也習慣這麼飲食了,所以他出社會之後才發現原來他們家的飲食份量是比一般人小很多。我想到我家長壽的爺爺,一餐粗茶淡飯加點魚肉也可以吃飽,而且活到壽終正寢,離世的時候身體幾乎沒什麼病痛。
過去接觸減重的訊息,我感到很困惑為何我們要吃了東西感到罪惡感,然後再去健身房消耗這些熱量?如果我們一天下來只要攝取少數的熱量就能夠生存,那為何不好好控管自己的飲食即可?我們到底是怎麼改變了自己的飲食習慣與消費行為?
這本「過度飲食心理學」如上述的引文,作者用了很多研究舉證在過程發生了什麼事情。書中也有提到大量的案例讓我們知道如今的廣告與法令是如何一步步影響我們的消費行為,洗腦著我們消費越多越能夠代表著我們是有經濟能力與社會地位的人。
作者進一步主張,目前的道德教條、政治意識形態、經濟意識形態、社會意識形態的消費主義,已經擊敗了社會運動的消費主義,最終會危害人民的心理健康。這些衝動、自戀、慢性且不斷擴張的情緒飢渴,已經造成了「空虛的自我」。我們把這種空洞的感覺視為個人的失敗,而不是文化的病態,因此轉而消費藥品、商品、食品,來「犒賞」自己。
當然,我們沒有辦法很直接地改變廣告商或是法令的嚴謹性,但我們可以更有意識地消費,例如將把錢花在「體驗」而非物質,例如上舞蹈課、加入運動社團、到農夫市集買東西,都是讓錢回到經濟循環體系的好辦法。除此之外,在保持正面態度的心理學領域中,有研究顯示把錢花在買經驗,而不是購買奢華物質,對心理帶來的正面影響會更持久(Haidt,2006)。
過去在唸FIRE等提倡財務自由的書籍時,裡頭也提到我們可以透過減少不必要的消費增進自己儲蓄的能力,包含換個簡便、小而美且物價指數較低的地區居住。「過度飲食心理學」的作者也鼓勵慢活、簡單生活、慢食、住小房子等,對於尋求社群支持和簡單生活實踐方法的人,這些都是很好的資源。
過去在學習正念相關的心理諮商時(netflix中正念冥想指南也是一個很好入門正念的參考),我們也學習著專注享用當下的食物,感受它的味道、口感、牙齒在咀嚼時口腔裡的感受等等,專注在每個當下會發現我們本就擁有得以豐富體驗這個世界的感官,透過體驗與這個世界的存在有所連結,食物確實是最快的方式,但若能夠更緩慢與專注地感受,我們也得以與此時此刻的自己的在一起。理解到自我的真實所需原來是這麼單純。
如何讓「空虛的自我」不再空虛?不再讓自己投入在過度消費與飲食的惡性循環當中?我想,就先從了解自己、與內在的自己與這個世界的原生豐富性產生連結也是一個選擇。
***#寶瓶時代 #心理學 #習慣力
最近看的「習慣力」與「過度飲食」這兩本書,其實都在談論我們在這個世代常常接收到的訊息是,如果我沒有成功就是代表我不夠努力或意志力不夠堅定,導致我們對自我感覺越來越差,能量多半用在自我批判與自我否認,然後面對生活的變化又更加消極地應對。如此形成了惡性循環。
這樣的論點是源自於缺乏我們所經歷的時代與接收到的訊息、環境脈絡下的論調。
是的,留意自己的所作所為確實也是一部分的責任,但書中也提到有些食品標榜著「天然」卻一點也不天然,還添加了一堆讓人上癮的物質(例如糖)那麼,這又該算是誰的責任?
最主要是因為工業革命之後,人們就像是罐頭一樣,沒有思想地渡過每一天。我曾經也有個案對我說,每天加班到很晚,到家都累了,只想追劇洗洗睡,那還會有什麼力氣經營所謂的斜槓人生?
在書中提及我們因為生活型態的轉變與工業化的思維,早已失去了以前農業社會中滿滿的凝聚力與共同為了生活打拼的連接性,過度強調個人的結果,反而讓我們更難以理解自己在群體中的角色。
畢竟人終究是群體生活,找不到定位,也找不到意義感,內心的空虛自然會想要往最方便的事物索取、探尋,卻越發空虛。
而想要擺脫生活的空虛感得先找回自己在群體中的位置與歸屬感、與群體的意義感(還蠻符合寶瓶時代的)而不是瘋狂消費填補內心的空缺。
冥冥meaning 在 Corey The Man Yoga Facebook 的最讚貼文
想法如何成真? 什麼是安慰劑效應
為何醫生有時會給病人安慰劑,甚至開假的刀來幫助病人?
為何測試新藥時一定要有double blind (吃藥者不知道是真的還是假藥),甚至triple blind (連給藥的醫生或研究員都不知道)?
因為有些人會全然的接受並且相信,接受的治療會有效,進而自行重組改變身體的系統,由於以下的原因:
1制約 Conditionong
假設你以前有頭痛, 吃了一顆藥,頭痛就減輕了。 幾次之後會開始相信這外來的物質會幫助你。 所以藥取名很重要,通常不難從藥名聽的出藥效(威而鋼,解憂喜等等),它也會制約吃藥的人,
2期望 Expection
醫生說這個藥很有效, 病人開始相信並且期待這個藥會幫助他們的健康,當人有了明確的目的加上樂觀或甚至感激的情緒而改變了他們的狀態。 當然,如果病人是悲觀的 ,醫生如果告訴他們這個藥可能有哪些副作用,許多研究發現 雖然病人吃的是慰安劑,由於他們期待負面結果,生理上的確產生了副作用*註1, 這個又稱為反慰安劑效應(nocebo effect)。
3 賦予意義 Assigning Meaning
醫生在給藥前,仔細解釋這個藥會在身體有什麼作用, 病人開始改變他們的想法,感受。身體的狀態也因此改變。
藥變成是一個象徵,一個希望。這個想法的改變也同時改變了身體。
當然要獲得真正改變的話,這種想法及心理的狀態需要能夠維持, 另外一個研究是有關帕金斯症 : 醫生給病人安慰劑結果竟然發現他們腦部竟然升的比之前多200倍的多巴胺 *註3
但是 當他們回家後, 回到原來的想法模式,回到原來的環境,身體也回到舊的狀態。
如何讓自己超越原來的環境而改變呢?
之前貼的表徵遺傳學有談到心情,想法,冥想練習都會影響(https://www.facebook.com/CoreyYoga/photos/a.520556888036874/3449588271800373 )
著名的8週正念練習也有許多研究,幫助了許多憂鬱症患者的狀況。 但是重點是要能夠持續,甚至冥想後還維持著。
能量冥想目的在於提升我們的心裡狀態,讓我們停止給恐懼能量,打開心胸,而處在一個愛,感激 揚昇的情緒當中。
這些步驟心法其實不難學,這邊有一個引導式的能量冥想與大家分享 :
https://www.facebook.com/CoreyYoga/videos/392070531919478
YogiOcean訓練
2021 台北正念陰瑜珈 100小時師資訓練
(早鳥至12/15)
https://www.facebook.com/events/685760782362109/
火箭瑜珈(台北周末) 100小時師資訓練 (極早鳥至12/31)
https://www.facebook.com/events/3068529999897047/
目前200小時的報名狀況為下
三月台北週末額滿(可排後補)
7月台北週末 (報名中)
https://www.facebook.com/events/1057069201425395/
七月台北週間
(細節再宣布)
註1 https://www.thenewslens.com/article/80721
註2 https://parkinsonsmi.org/treatment/entry/placebo-effect-and-the-treatment-of-parkinsons-disease
註3 https://www.facebook.com/CoreyYoga/photos/a.520556888036874/3449588271800373/
冥冥meaning 在 粒方不插電 Youtube 的精選貼文
又要來推坑阿滴桌遊啦!這次要來玩的是戰鎚冥土世界,有興趣的話可以點以下連結:https://www.warhammer-world.info/home/product_detail/15
Warhammer Underworlds is a tactical arena combat game. This is a system designed for balanced, small-scale tactical games that can be played quickly and easily by anyone, but which even experienced players will find challenging to master. The game rules are designed with competitive play in mind; matches can be played in under 45 minutes, on a smaller surface than our larger-scale games, and will be ideal for club or tournament play. And not only that, we’ll be fully supporting an organized play system for this game, right from day one.
The forces you can use in this game will be drawn from races across the Mortal Realms, including some for factions that have not received any new miniatures since we first ventured into the Age of Sigmar. Each of these sets will be composed of a small band of easy-to-assemble, push-fit miniatures in the style of our single-pose heroes to represent a specific band of warriors from that faction. These are provided in coloured plastic, and clip together, so you can quite literally be playing with them within minutes of opening the box with no glue or paint needed! (Though they do look great painted, and your dice will roll better – probably.)
The game is played using unique dice and card decks, and these will, to an extent, be unique to each faction. Both decks of cards used in the game are fully customisable – meaning you can choose to create all manner of combinations of overlapping abilities to use and objectives to achieve. This can be a really rewarding part of the game – and means that even the same faction can be played in wildly different ways. We’re expecting to see all sorts of combinations tried out at game stores, clubs and in tournaments.
希德塔的鏡像城市是幻想和瘋狂的噩夢,不斷變化的迷宮,無盡的樓梯,狹窄的街道和高聳的拱門。原來的城市失去了各種顏色和生命,幾千年來,它已經成為一種不詳的毀滅。那些踏入城牆的不幸,勇敢或莽撞的冒險家,穿過國界之間的帷幕,被困在鏡城之中。對於這樣的頑固的人,所有的希望似乎都失去了。
戰鎚40K
戰鎚
#戰鎚
規則錯誤部分如下:
●1:13-其實是鎚子,不是斧頭。
●8:17-首領讓攻擊擲骰重擲的能力,必須在投擲攻擊骰之前宣告使用。
●12:35-每輪的先後決定擲骰是四顆,不是五顆。
●12:56-阿滴的攻擊擲骰是1爆擊、1鎚、1劍,粒方的雖然也1爆擊,但比較完爆擊後,要比較一般成功的數量。索奧奇的攻擊行動是成功符號是鎚,阿滴還有1鎚,粒方已經沒有其他成功骰,所以該該次的攻擊行動是成功的。
●15:38-野獸人的激勵條件是敵方戰幫有兩名或更多鬥士陣亡,而不是全場。不過這是官方中文版本身印刷的問題(英文是正確的)。