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<<常用片語分享>>--get篇‧其之二
林立老師有鑑於平時上課，常有同學詢問片語的用法，故想要藉由此單元來跟大家一起看看，有哪些簡單卻好用的片語，不只是能用在口說對話中，還能在英文寫作裡派上用場？
get a cold 感冒
get a credit 獲得好評
get a diploma 獲得文憑
get a doctor 請醫生
get a flu 罹患流感
#高雄人 #學習英文 請找 #多益達人林立英文
#高中英文 #成人英文
#多益家教班 #商用英文
#國立大學外國語文學系講師
#EZTALK #你不知道的美國大小事
#flu #influenza #流感
🤧 Colds and Flus
最近天氣忽冷忽熱，除了小心新冠病毒，也要注意流感呦 💪
The common cold, usually just called the cold, is an infectious disease of the upper respiratory tract that mostly affects the nose, throat and sinuses. Typical symptoms include coughing, sore throat, runny or stuffy nose, and sneezing. Many different strains of viruses cause the cold, but rhinoviruses are the most common. The cold can also be caused by coronaviruses—the same family of viruses responsible for Wuhan pneumonia, SARS and MERS.
一般感冒，我們通常簡稱感冒，是一種上呼吸道感染疾病，最常影響鼻子、喉嚨與鼻竇。典型的症狀包含咳嗽、喉嚨痛、流鼻水、鼻塞與打噴嚏。許多種病毒都會導致感冒，不過鼻病毒是最常見的一種。冠狀病毒也會導致感冒，這一類的病毒也會引起武漢肺炎、SARS跟MERS。
And then there’s the flu, which is short for influenza. The flu is caused by the influenza virus, a family of viruses that also includes H1N1—the virus responsible for both the Spanish flu (which killed around 50 million people!) and the swine flu. The flu produces the same symptoms as the cold, plus high fever, chills, headaches and muscle and joint pain. While colds usually don’t result in serious health problems, the flu can cause complications like pneumonia and bacterial infections.
另外還有流感，英文字是influenza，常縮寫成flu。流感是由流感病毒引起，和H1N1病毒屬於同一科，而H1N1正是之前造成西班牙大流感（造成五千萬人喪命！）與豬流感的元兇。基本上，流感症狀跟感冒症狀是一樣的，還會伴隨高燒、發寒、頭痛、肌肉關節疼痛。雖然感冒不太會導致嚴重的健康問題，流感則可能引發肺炎與細菌傳染等併發症。
When talking about colds and flus, we can use the verbs “have” and “catch.” Ex: Don’t come too close to me—I have a cold. I caught the flu last week and missed two days of work. We can also use the phrase “come down with.” Ex: I think I’m coming down with the flu. Brian came down with a cold and stayed home all weekend. And sometimes a cold or flu is referred to colloquially as a “bug.” Ex: My throat feels scratchy—I think I may have caught a bug.
談到感冒或流感，我們通常會用動詞have跟catch來表達，如Don’t come too close to me—I have a cold.（別靠近我，我感冒了。）或是I caught the flu last week and missed two days of work.（我上個禮拜得了流感，請了兩天假。）也可以用片語come down with表達，如：I think I’m coming down with the flu. （我猜我得流感了。）或：Brian came down with a cold and stayed home all weekend.（布萊恩感冒了，整個週末都待在家。）有時候我們也可以用口語一點的bug來指感冒或流感。如：My throat feels scratchy—I think I may have caught a bug.（我的喉嚨癢癢的，我猜我可能感冒了。）
【✍主題單字】
1. symptom「症狀」
2. stuffy nose「鼻塞」
3. strains of viruses「病毒株」：strain指「種類、類型」
4. complication「併發症」
--
🔔 按下「搶先看」，每週五【美國大小事】，由 Judd 編審分享最即時美國新鮮事！想知道更多美國文化，請看 👉 http://bit.ly/EZTalk嚴選
[時事英文] 紐約時報報導: 武漢冠狀病毒*
The mysterious coronavirus that has killed at least four people and sickened more than 200 in China is capable of spreading from person to person, a prominent Chinese scientist said on Monday, adding to fears of a broader epidemic.
一位著名的中國科學家於週一表示，已在中國造成至少四人死亡、超過200人患病的神秘冠狀病毒能夠在人際之間傳播。這加劇了人們對更大範圍疫情的擔憂。
1. the mysterious coronavirus 神秘的冠狀病毒
2. be capable of… 能夠
3. spread from person to person 人際之間傳播
4. a prominent scientist 著名的中國科學家
5. add to fears 加劇了擔憂
6. broader epidemic 更大範圍的疫情
*Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), previously known by the provisional name 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus.It is contagious in humans and is the cause of the ongoing 2019–20 coronavirus outbreak, an epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that has been designated a Public Health Emergency of International Concern by the World Health Organization (WHO).
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_novel_coronavirus
★★★★★★★★★★★★
The authorities had previously said the deadly virus seemed capable of spreading only from animals to humans in most cases, tracing the outbreak to a market in Wuhan.
有關部門此前曾表示，多數情況下，這種致命病毒似乎只會從動物傳播給人類，並將疫情追溯到武漢的一個市場。
7. trace the outbreak to… 將疾病的爆發追溯到…
★★★★★★★★★★★★
“Now we can say it is certain that it is a human-to-human transmission phenomenon,” Zhong Nanshan, a scientist who is leading a government-appointed expert panel on the outbreak, said in an interview on state-run television on Monday.
「現在可以說，肯定有人傳人現象，」科學家鍾南山週一在國家電視台的採訪中說。他是政府指定的專家小組的負責人。
8. human-to-human transmission 人傳人
9. expert panel 專家小組
10. state-run television 國家電視台
★★★★★★★★★★★★
The World Health Organization announced Monday that it was convening an emergency meeting on Wednesday, Jan. 22, “to ascertain whether the outbreak constitutes a public health emergency of international concern, and what recommendations should be made to manage it.”
世界衛生組織(World Health Organization)週一宣布，將於1月22日（週三）召開緊急會議，「以確定此次疫情是否構成國際關注的突發公共衛生事件，以及應採取何種措施進行應對」。
11. convene an emergency meeting 召開緊急會議
12. ascertain whether… 確定…是否…
13. constitute 構成
14. a public health emergency 公共衛生緊急事件
15. International concern 國際關注
16. make recommendations 提出建議
★★★★★★★★★★★★
Symptoms of infection include a high fever, difficulty breathing and lung lesions. Milder cases may resemble the flu or a bad cold, making detection very difficult. The incubation period — the time from exposure to the onset of symptoms — is believed to be about two weeks.
感染癥狀包括高燒、呼吸困難和肺部病變。較輕的病例可能類似於流感或重感冒，使檢測非常困難。潛伏期——從接觸病毒到癥狀發作的時間——大約為兩週。
17. symptoms of the infection 感染癥狀
18. lung lesions 肺部病變，損傷
19. milder cases 較輕的病例
20. resemble 類似；與…相似
21. the incubation period 潛伏期*
22. from exposure to the onset of symptoms 從接觸病毒到癥狀發作
*http://terms.naer.edu.tw/detail/1320192/
★★★★★★★★★★★★
To prevent the spread of respiratory infections, the W.H.O. recommends that people wash their hands regularly, cover their mouths and noses when coughing and sneezing, and avoid direct contact with farm or wild animals.
為防止呼吸道感染的傳播，世界衛生組織建議人們經常洗手，咳嗽和打噴嚏時捂住口鼻，避免同農場或野生的動物直接接觸。
23. respiratory infection 呼吸道感染
24. recommend that... 建議…
25. avoid direct contact with... 避免或…直接接觸
★★★★★★★★★★★★
Sources:
https://cn.nytimes.com/…/coronavirus-china-sy…/zh-hant/dual/
https://cn.nytimes.com/…/…/what-is-coronavirus/zh-hant/dual/
Image source: https://www.nytimes.com/20…/…/21/health/cdc-coronavirus.html
★★★★★★★★★★★★
★★★★★★★★★★★★
接下來則是提供同學預防疾病相關的關鍵片語:
Set I. 我們從預防疾病(disease prevention)相關的詞彙組塊 (lexical chunks) 開始:
1. improve our hygiene (加強衛生)
2. wet (弄濕), lather (起泡), scrub (搓洗), rinse (洗淨), and dry our hands (擦乾我們的手)
3. cook poultry and pork thoroughly (煮熟雞肉和豬肉)
4. refrigerate all leftovers (冷藏剩菜)
5. get vaccinated (注射預防針)
6. develop an immunity to (對…產生免疫)
★★★★★★★★★★★★
Set II. 當我們生病時我們應該用甚麼相關的詞彙組塊來表達?
1. contract a disease (感染一種病)
2. receive treatment (接受治療 )
3. seek help from a medical professional (尋求專業醫療照護)
4. do not diagnose our own illnesses (不要自行診斷)
5. follow the doctor’s orders (聽從醫師的指示)
6. take our medication and follow the prescription (遵循處方吃藥)
7. follow the prescribed course of treatment (遵循處方治療)
8. not finishing the prescription may slow down the healing process (沒吃完處方簽藥物可能會延緩復原的時間 )
9. cause germs to develop antibiotic resistance (導致細菌產生抗藥性)
★★★★★★★★★★★★
Set III. 以下是與流行疾病相關的詞彙組塊:
1. contain an outbreak (阻止疫情的爆發)
2. contagious disease (傳染病)
3. an epidemic (流行病)
4. a pandemic (國家疫情爆發或擴散)
5. a global pandemic (國家和全世界的流行病)
6. avoid touching our mouths, noses, or eyes (避免觸碰我們的口鼻眼)
7. cover our mouths and noses when coughing and sneezing (咳嗽或打噴嚏時請遮口鼻)
8. avoid crowded places (避免前往人多的地方)
9. reduce human transmission 減少人類傳染
10. stay home if you show signs of illness (若感到不適請留在家中)
11. develop symptoms of the diseases (產生生病症狀)
12. seek medical attention by contacting your health care provider (與您的醫療服務提供者聯絡尋求醫療協助)
13. have severe symptoms (有嚴重的症狀)
14. difficulty in breathing (難以呼吸)
15. wear a surgical mask (使用外科口罩)
16. reduce chances of contracting a disease (避免染上疾病)
17. pay attention to public announcements about the disease (注意關於疫情的公告)
18. be prepared for possible pandemics (對於疫情爆發要有準備)
★★★★★★★★★★★★
Set IV. 最後我們要如何保持健康的詞彙組塊:
1. stay healthy (保持健康)
2. mentally healthy (心理上的健康)
3. understand our own emotions (認識與了解自己的情緒)
4. talk to others about problems such as depressions
(與其他人談談自己的問題，如情緒低落或憂鬱)
5. stay socially healthy (維持社交上的健康)
6. maintain good relationships (維持良好的關係)
7. stay physically healthy (維持生理上的健康)
8. exercise regularly (定期地運動)
9. get plenty of rest (有充足的休息)
10. maintain healthy eating habits (保持健康飲食習慣)
11. eat nutritious meals (每餐要吃得營養)
★★★★★★★★★★★★
保健心智圖: https://goo.gl/seqt5k
保健相關單字: https://wp.me/p44l9b-Tt (+mp3)
時事英文大全: https://wp.me/p44l9b-1Y8
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這次來和大家聊聊提升英文能力的的方式，歡迎大家在下面補充，一起進步!
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我的必看英語系Youtuber清單
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▼啾啾鞋的人氣影片▼
牛排的血水根本不是血!
http://bit.ly/2lA5oND
路上撿到隨身碟，你會...?
http://bit.ly/2ytI7E5
明明沒感冒，為什麼我只有一邊的鼻孔在呼吸?
http://bit.ly/2xZN1E9
為什麼耳機總是會自己打結?
http://bit.ly/2ia1UNf
還好我也退了! 當兵心得文
http://bit.ly/2AjxbWI
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