#EZTalk #你不知道的美國大小事 #新專欄上線
🇺🇸全美瘋棒球：Baseball Idioms 棒球用語 Part 2📣
有關棒球的諺語一集實在介紹不完，本週繼續聊與球棒╱球⚾有關的片語 ：
1. play hardball
2. throw sb. a curve (ball)
3. right off the bat
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Baseball is sometimes called “hardball” because it’s played with a small, hard ball, unlike softball, which is played with a bigger, softer ball. Because hardball is more challenging than softball, 📍“play hardball” means “to be aggressive and do whatever is necessary to achieve a goal.” Ex: If you want a good deal on a new car, you need to play hardball with the dealer.
A curve ball is one of the hardest pitches to hit—it looks like it’s moving in a straight line, and then curves right before the batter tries to hit it. So 📍“throw sb. a curve (ball)” has come to mean “to do sth. unexpected that surprises or confuses sb.” Ex: I hope they don’t throw me any curve balls during the job interview.
As soon as the ball leaves the bat, the batter needs to start running to first base right away. For this reason, 📍“right off the bat” means “right away, immediately.” Ex: I knew right off the bat that Mark and I would be best friends.
【📕中譯】
棒球也稱hardball，因為棒球所使用的球，跟壘球相比較小又偏硬，也因棒球比壘球更為激烈困難，故📍 play hardball 在商場或政治上使用時，有『採強硬手段；為達目的不擇手段』之意。如：if you want a good deal on a new car, you need to play hardball with the dealer.（如果你要用好價錢買到新車，就得跟車商採強硬手段。）
曲球是投手所投出的一種最難打的球──球像直線飛出去，但在打者要打擊時突然轉彎。因此📍 throw sb. a curve (ball)可指『出其不意刁難某人、給某人出難題』。如：I hope they don’t throw me any curve balls during the job interview.（我希望他們不要在面試的時候出突擊問題。）
當球被打擊出去，打者必須立刻跑向一壘，因此📍right off the bat（球一離開球棒）有『立刻、馬上』的意思，如：I knew right off the bat that Mark and I would be best friends.（我當時馬上知道馬克會成為我的好麻吉。）
【✍關鍵單字】
1. related：「相關的」，baseball-related「跟棒球相關」。
2. softball：「壘球」，比起棒球（hardball）壘球較大偏軟。
3. dealer：「經銷商、商人」。
4. curve ball：「曲球」，棒球術語，前大聯盟投手王建明除了使用伸卡球，也會搭配曲球使用。
5. pitch：「投球」，可當動詞與名詞，pitcher為「投手」。
6. base：「壘」。
圖片取自：Aspen Photo / Shutterstock.com
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棒球術語sb 在 棒球術語中英對照(投球紀錄) - 精華區Monkeys 的推薦與評價
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▏ ▏
▏ 簡稱 ▏ 英文 ▏ 中文 ▏
▏───────────────────────────────────── ▏
▏#P/IP Pitches thrown per inning 平均每局用球數 ▏
▏ ▏
▏#P/GS Pitches thrown per start 平均先發用球數 ▏
▏ ▏
▏#Pit Pitches thrown 投球數 ▏
▏ ▏
▏2B Doubles allowed 被二壘安打 ▏
▏ ▏
▏3B Triples allowed 被三壘安打 ▏
▏ ▏
▏AGS Average Game Score. See Game Score, below 平均投手評比 ▏
▏ ▏
▏Avg Batting average allowed 被打擊率 ▏
▏ ▏
▏BB Bases on balls 四壞球 ▏
▏ ▏
▏BB/9 Walks Per 9innings 平均九局保送數 ▏
▏ ▏
▏BIPA Balls In Play Average. Batting Average 被打擊進場機率 ▏
▏ Against, not including home runs or ▏
▏ strikeouts. ▏
▏ ▏
▏Bk Balks 投手犯規 ▏
▏ ▏
▏BlSv Blown saves. See SvOp, below, for 救援失敗 ▏
▏ definition of a save situation ▏
▏ ▏
▏CG Complete games 完投 ▏
▏ ▏
▏CS Runners caught stealing 盜壘刺 ▏
▏ ▏
▏CW Cheap Wins. Wins in games started that are非合格先發勝投 ▏
▏ not Quality Starts. ▏
▏ ▏
▏Dec Decision (Win, loss) 勝敗相關場次 ▏
▏ ▏
▏DIPS ERA A pitcher's ERA, independent of the 扣除守備幫忙的防禦率 ▏
▏ defense behind him. This formula, based on ▏
▏ essays by Voros McCracken, assumes that ▏
▏ all pitchers have consistent BIPA (See ▏
▏ Above), and adjusts accordingly. The DIPS ▏
▏ ratios on ESPN use the DIPS 2.0 formula, ▏
▏ are not park-adjusted, and do not adjust ▏
▏ for knuckleball pitchers. ▏
▏ ▏
▏ER Earned runs 自責分 ▏
▏ ▏
▏ERA Earned-run average 防禦率 ▏
▏ (ER times 9) divided by IP ▏
▏ ▏
▏ERC Component ERA. A pitcher's ERA based on 理論失分 ▏
▏ the hits and walks he allowed, rather than ▏
▏ actual runs. ▏
▏ ▏
▏ERC% Ratio of Component ERA to actual ERA 理論失分率 ▏
▏ ▏
▏FB Fly balls hit against 飛球 ▏
▏ ▏
▏G/F Ground ball/fly ball ratio against 滾地飛球比 ▏
▏ GB divided by FB ▏
▏ ▏
▏GB Ground balls hit against 滾地球 ▏
▏ ▏
▏GIDP Grounded into double plays against 被雙殺打 ▏
▏ ▏
▏GF Games finished 最後投手 ▏
▏ ▏
▏GR Games in relief 後援 ▏
▏ ▏
▏GS Games started 先發 ▏
▏ ▏
▏GSc Game Score. Start with 50 points. Add 1 單場投手評比 ▏
▏ point for each out recorded, (3 points per ▏
▏ inning). Add 2 points for each inning ▏
▏ completed after the 4th. Add 1 point for ▏
▏ each strikeout. Subtract 2 points for each ▏
▏ hit allowed. Subtract 4 points for each ▏
▏ earned run allowed. Subtract 2 points for ▏
▏ each unearned run allowed. Subtract 1 ▏
▏ point for each walk. ▏
▏ ▏
▏H Hits against 被安打 ▏
▏ ▏
▏H/9 Hits Per 9innings 平均九局被安打數 ▏
▏ ▏
▏Hld Holds. Earned when a relief pitcher 中繼點 ▏
▏ enters a game in a save situation (see ▏
▏ SvOp, below, for definition), records at ▏
▏ least one out, and leaves the game without ▏
▏ having given up the lead ▏
▏ ▏
▏HR Home runs allowed 被全壘打 ▏
▏ ▏
▏IBB Intentional bases on balls 故意四壞 ▏
▏ ▏
▏IP Innings pitched 投球局數 ▏
▏ ▏
▏IR Inherited runners. Runners on base when a 壘上跑者數 ▏
▏ relief pitcher enters a game ▏
▏ ▏
▏K/9 Strikeouts Per Nine Innings 平均九局奪三振數 ▏
▏ ▏
▏L Losses 敗投 ▏
▏ ▏
▏OBP On-base percentage allowed. See OBP in 被上壘率 ▏
▏ Batting Statistics, above, for definition ▏
▏ of OBP ▏
▏ ▏
▏ORuns Opponents' runs scored (average, per nine 失分率 ▏
▏ innings pitched) while the pitcher of ▏
▏ record. ▏
▏ ▏
▏PFR Power/Finesse Ratio Strikeouts Plus Walks 投手特性評比 ▏
▏ Divided By Innings Pitched ▏
▏ ▏
▏PK Pick-offs 牽制出局 ▏
▏ ▏
▏Qualified In order to qualify for pitching titles in投手排行門檻 ▏
▏year-to- averaged categories (ERA, WPct, #P/IP, RS, ▏
▏date ORuns, Slg, OBP, Avg, CS%, G/F), a player ▏
▏ must average at least one inning pitched ▏
▏ for every game his team has played. ▏
▏ Sorting by qualified year-to-date excludes ▏
▏ all players not currently on pace to reach ▏
▏ that minimum ▏
▏ ▏
▏QS Quality starts 合格先發 ▏
▏ A starting pitcher is credited with a ▏
▏ quality start if he pitches at least six innings ▏
▏ and allows three or fewer earned runs. ▏
▏ ▏
▏R Runs 失分 ▏
▏ ▏
▏RBI Runs batted in allowed 被打點 ▏
▏ ▏
▏Rel Relief decision (Save, blown save, hold) 中繼結果 ▏
▏ ▏
▏RS Run support. Team's runs scored (average, 隊伍支援分數 ▏
▏ per 9 innings pitched) while the pitcher ▏
▏ of record ▏
▏ ▏
▏SB Stolen bases allowed 被盜壘 ▏
▏ ▏
▏SF Sacrifice flies allowed 犧牲飛球 ▏
▏ ▏
▏SH Sacrifice hits allowed 犧牲打 ▏
▏ ▏
▏ShO Shutouts 完封 ▏
▏ ▏
▏Slg Slugging percentage allowed. See Slg in 被長打率 ▏
▏ Batting Statistics, above, for definition ▏
▏ ▏
▏SO Strikeouts 三振 ▏
▏ ▏
▏Sv Saves. Earned when a pitcher finishes a 救援 ▏
▏ game without having given up the lead ▏
▏ after entering in a save situation (see ▏
▏ SvOp, below, for definition) ▏
▏ ▏
▏SvOp Save opportunities. When a pitcher 1) 救援機會 ▏
▏ enters the game with a lead of three or ▏
▏ fewer runs and pitches at least one inning ▏
▏ , 2) enters the game with the potential ▏
▏ tying run on base, at bat, or on deck, or ▏
▏ 3) pitches three or more innings with a ▏
▏ lead and is credited with a save by the ▏
▏ official scorer ▏
▏ ▏
▏TBF Total batters faced 對戰打者數 ▏
▏ ▏
▏TL Tough Losses. Losses in games started that合格先發敗戰 ▏
▏ are Quality Starts. ▏
▏ ▏
▏WHIP Walks plus hits divided by Innings Pitched平均每局被上壘次數 ▏
▏ ▏
▏W Wins 勝投 ▏
▏ ▏
▏WPct Winning percentage 勝率 ▏
▏ Wins divided by (Wins + losses) ▏
▏ ▏
▏WP Wild pitches 暴投 ▏
▏───────────────────────────────────── ▏
▏ ▏
▏ 中文公式 ▏
▏───────────────────────────────────── ▏
▏平均九局＝四壞球ｘ９／投球局數 ▏
▏保送數 ▏
▏ ▏
▏防禦率 ＝自責分ｘ９／投球局數 ▏
▏ ▏
▏理論失分＝｛〔（安打－全壘打）ｘ1.255＋全壘打ｘ4〕ｘ0.89＋（四死球＋故意四壞▏
▏ ）ｘ0.56｝ｘ｛死球＋安打＋四壞球｝／（對戰打者數）ｘ9／投球局數－ ▏
▏ 0.56 ▏
▏ ▏
▏理論 ＝理論失分／防禦率 ▏
▏失分率 ▏
▏ ▏
▏平均九局＝被安打ｘ９／投球局數 ▏
▏被安打數 ▏
▏ ▏
▏平均九局＝三振數ｘ９／投球局數 ▏
▏奪三振數 ▏
▏ ▏
▏合格先發＝先發六局失三分以內 ▏
▏ ▏
▏平均每局＝（安打＋四死球）／投球局數 ▏
▏上壘次數 ▏
▏ ▏
▏勝率 ＝勝投／（勝投＋敗投） ▏
▏───────────────────────────────────── ▏
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