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110-2 第二次護理師國考題目與解答
就基礎醫學而言
今年在生理與解剖學與往年比較不同是
有比較多一些題目回到細胞生理學來
至於其他系統的出題機率比沒有太大變化
也沒有出現太過於超出範圍的題目
而藥理學上
神經系統藥理學一直是出題的重心所在
以上的簡單分析提供未來應考的同學作為參考
還是一句話
利用國考準備期間
將學理重新統整
才是主要的態度與方法
囫圇吞棗的考古題刷題
並不會佔太多的便宜喔～
https://wwwq.moex.gov.tw/exam/wFrmExamQandASearch.aspx?y=2021&e=110110
◼︎ 香氛原料-清新水潤的Hedione
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香氛原料的歷史提到80年代是Hedion 的世代，意謂著8成以上的香水配方裡都有Hedione這個成分存在，直到現在它仍是非常重要的成分之一，如果氣味中想要那種帶有花香、清新水感，首選絕對是Hedione。
Hedione 是商品名，真正的化學名是二氫茉莉酮酸甲酯 Methyl dihydrojasmonate ,希鶯蒂是它的中文商品名（不要問我這個中文怎麼來的，我也覺得很不搭）；調香界曾說「沒有茉莉花就沒有香水」，它的氣味濃郁，價格昂貴，讓許多化學家深入研究分析它的成份，1957年芬美意Firmenich（國際三大原料公司之一）的研究員Edouard Demole
在茉莉900個分子中發現一個獨特具有淡雅、清新氣味的成分—茉莉酮酸甲酯，隨即合成出二氫茉莉酮酸甲酯，調香師Edmond Roudnitska首次將Hedione應用於Dior的Eau Savaage，從此讓Hedione聲名大噪。
Hedione 幾乎與所有的花香調形影不離，它能讓氣味變得清新透明，與木質調搭配會讓生硬的木頭有了生氣，與柑橘類搭配，新鮮的果汁感、柑橘花香更明顯，有調香師說在廣藿香加入40%的Hedione，不僅感覺更乾燥，還會覺得這是開花的廣藿香。
最初Hedione的添加建議量是1～3%，隨著這個分子化學性質十分穩定又不變色的優點，加上它的價格合理，調香師逐漸加大使用比例，40～60%以上已經是常態，最近在上調香師Patty Canac的課程，即使大部分使用精油原料，但她仍堅持需要加入Hedione，因為只有Hedione才能讓氣味變得輕盈與水潤，沒有它不行。
Hedione 近年還有一個熱門的討論議題，德國波鴻魯爾大學（Ruhr-Universität Bochum）細胞生理學家證實Hedione的氣味能夠活化人體信息素受體VN1R1，藉由嗅覺上皮細胞帶動大腦邊緣系統的情感、記憶的作用，即使它是”合成“化學分子，卻適合應用於氣味療法的組合中。
Hedione High cis 是再延伸出的原料，它比Hedion 氣味更強大，但偏向綠色清新感，與柑橘類結合更佳的提升出新鮮感，這就是原料公司研究員的工作，不斷開發新原料，我們也只好要努力賺錢啊！
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#perfume #perfumer #perfumeyschool #perfumeworkshop #synthetic #氣味設計 #企業氣味識別設計 #法式調香 #單體調香 #isipca
細胞骨架中最大的微小管
扮演細胞內物質運輸的關鍵角色
#細胞生理學
https://fb.watch/1z5ZN-bZnq/
Note download 筆記下載 : https://hermanutube.blogspot.hk/2016/01/youtube-pdf.html
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Biology 所有 videos 的 Playlist 可看：
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8oSnhUSkuaWV9d7FbyJDSPE
分類的 Playlist 可看：
1. Cells and Molecules of Life 細胞與生命分子… https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8pimOHKxXgEB4A7BkIU_fvE
2. Genetics and Evolution遺傳與進化… https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8qxXqviCcE59G2o2S-SZmLz
3A. Essential life processes in plants植物維持生命的活動… https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8oaLqXiViAOyF-wt_wxD62w
3B. Essential life processes in animals動物維持生命的活動… https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8petIdjLSGd9BbyfUcDdHim
3C. Reproduction, growth and development生殖、生長和發育... https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8ramUz1FlN0c8vG47a8qChA
3D. Coordination and response協調和反應… https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8o6aa0bT1nTs5QbaBpJ69W7
3E. Homeostasis體內平衡… https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8qIF_r_7bLzL_gbkzL3NRiZ
3F. Ecosystems 生態系… https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8qHQPt5HmieWo0EjPGnmD81
4. Health and Disease健康與疾病… https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8oWMLSCZvYm_HxnOCnw0ePt
5. Human Physiology: Regulation and Control人體生理學︰調節與控制… https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8r0Af7WKwjPf5Ih3hk4rRpw
6. Applied Ecology應用生物學… https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8rbkiK9KEPGav6_z6otcqA7
7. Microorganisms and Humans微生物與人類… https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8pA3IcS8sxv5JgWHZ0Ifvrk
8. Biotechnology生物工程… https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8oNgT2rFFmtFP_PBDbCqn0N
Notes Only Version : https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8osiwrVWzQRQ9wWCLgZUYS5
Definition 背誦︰
中英對照︰ https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8pgi_VnjcUHByKdnDfPKfDh
純英版︰ https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8qhbqCN5tsVn2DeUqYFzYPV
純中版︰ https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8rAJGqx6SNLcG1WQGTFocOL
HKDSE Biology Past Paper Solution :
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8q0icgpscQYKrWcaywLK7g2
HKCEE Biology Past Paper Solution :
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8oE7NKu3W5odiwwws6WerB0
HKALE Biology Past Paper Solution :
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8qDsX40O4tczDYBPktC06fq
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Note download 筆記下載 : https://hermanutube.blogspot.hk/2016/01/youtube-pdf.html
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Biology 所有 videos 的 Playlist 可看：
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8oSnhUSkuaWV9d7FbyJDSPE
分類的 Playlist 可看：
1. Cells and Molecules of Life 細胞與生命分子… https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8pimOHKxXgEB4A7BkIU_fvE
2. Genetics and Evolution遺傳與進化… https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8qxXqviCcE59G2o2S-SZmLz
3A. Essential life processes in plants植物維持生命的活動… https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8oaLqXiViAOyF-wt_wxD62w
3B. Essential life processes in animals動物維持生命的活動… https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8petIdjLSGd9BbyfUcDdHim
3C. Reproduction, growth and development生殖、生長和發育... https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8ramUz1FlN0c8vG47a8qChA
3D. Coordination and response協調和反應… https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8o6aa0bT1nTs5QbaBpJ69W7
3E. Homeostasis體內平衡… https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8qIF_r_7bLzL_gbkzL3NRiZ
3F. Ecosystems 生態系… https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8qHQPt5HmieWo0EjPGnmD81
4. Health and Disease健康與疾病… https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8oWMLSCZvYm_HxnOCnw0ePt
5. Human Physiology: Regulation and Control人體生理學︰調節與控制… https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8r0Af7WKwjPf5Ih3hk4rRpw
6. Applied Ecology應用生物學… https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8rbkiK9KEPGav6_z6otcqA7
7. Microorganisms and Humans微生物與人類… https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8pA3IcS8sxv5JgWHZ0Ifvrk
8. Biotechnology生物工程… https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8oNgT2rFFmtFP_PBDbCqn0N
Notes Only Version : https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8osiwrVWzQRQ9wWCLgZUYS5
Definition 背誦︰
中英對照︰ https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8pgi_VnjcUHByKdnDfPKfDh
純英版︰ https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8qhbqCN5tsVn2DeUqYFzYPV
純中版︰ https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8rAJGqx6SNLcG1WQGTFocOL
HKDSE Biology Past Paper Solution :
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8q0icgpscQYKrWcaywLK7g2
HKCEE Biology Past Paper Solution :
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8oE7NKu3W5odiwwws6WerB0
HKALE Biology Past Paper Solution :
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8qDsX40O4tczDYBPktC06fq
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HKDSE Mathematics 數學天書 訂購表格及方法︰
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Blogger : https://goo.gl/SBmVOO
Facebook : https://www.facebook.com/hy.page
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/HermanYeung
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Note download 筆記下載 : https://hermanutube.blogspot.hk/2016/01/youtube-pdf.html
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Biology 所有 videos 的 Playlist 可看：
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8oSnhUSkuaWV9d7FbyJDSPE
分類的 Playlist 可看：
1. Cells and Molecules of Life 細胞與生命分子… https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8pimOHKxXgEB4A7BkIU_fvE
2. Genetics and Evolution遺傳與進化… https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8qxXqviCcE59G2o2S-SZmLz
3A. Essential life processes in plants植物維持生命的活動… https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8oaLqXiViAOyF-wt_wxD62w
3B. Essential life processes in animals動物維持生命的活動… https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8petIdjLSGd9BbyfUcDdHim
3C. Reproduction, growth and development生殖、生長和發育... https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8ramUz1FlN0c8vG47a8qChA
3D. Coordination and response協調和反應… https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8o6aa0bT1nTs5QbaBpJ69W7
3E. Homeostasis體內平衡… https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8qIF_r_7bLzL_gbkzL3NRiZ
3F. Ecosystems 生態系… https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8qHQPt5HmieWo0EjPGnmD81
4. Health and Disease健康與疾病… https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8oWMLSCZvYm_HxnOCnw0ePt
5. Human Physiology: Regulation and Control人體生理學︰調節與控制… https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8r0Af7WKwjPf5Ih3hk4rRpw
6. Applied Ecology應用生物學… https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8rbkiK9KEPGav6_z6otcqA7
7. Microorganisms and Humans微生物與人類… https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8pA3IcS8sxv5JgWHZ0Ifvrk
8. Biotechnology生物工程… https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8oNgT2rFFmtFP_PBDbCqn0N
Notes Only Version : https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8osiwrVWzQRQ9wWCLgZUYS5
Definition 背誦︰
中英對照︰ https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8pgi_VnjcUHByKdnDfPKfDh
純英版︰ https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8qhbqCN5tsVn2DeUqYFzYPV
純中版︰ https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8rAJGqx6SNLcG1WQGTFocOL
HKDSE Biology Past Paper Solution :
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8q0icgpscQYKrWcaywLK7g2
HKCEE Biology Past Paper Solution :
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8oE7NKu3W5odiwwws6WerB0
HKALE Biology Past Paper Solution :
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzDe9mOi1K8qDsX40O4tczDYBPktC06fq
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