#hpd
Low Carbohydrate Diet 2020
低醣飲食(高蛋白/高脂飲食):利用降低胰島素來降低體重。
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537084/
一般人的飲食建議:熱量 25-30 kcal/kg/d,30-35 kcal/kg/d(一般疾病)、35-40 kcal/kg/d(重症)。醣類 45%、脂肪 39%、蛋白質 16%(0.8 g/kg/d)。強調均衡飲食、蔬菜、水果、全穀類、低脂乳類、白肉(雞肉、魚肉)、豆類、蛋、堅果/種子類、植物油。限鹽、限制飽和脂肪酸/精緻糖,避免反式脂肪。
極低糖(生酮)飲食:醣類 < 10%,20-50 公克/天。
低糖飲食:醣類 < 26%,130 公克/天。
中度糖飲食:醣類 26-44%。
高糖飲食:醣類 > 45%/天(這是一般人的飲食建議)。
NHANES(N = 24825)及其他的世代研究(N = 462934)發現低醣飲食與高死亡率(心血管疾病、癌症、總死亡率)有關(觀察性研究不能證明因果相關)。
https://academic.oup.com/eurheartj/article/…/34/2870/5475490
Dietary carbohydrate intake and mortality: a prospective cohort study and meta-analysis 2018
https://www.thelancet.com/…/PIIS2468-2667(18)3013…/fulltext…
ARIC 及其他的世代研究發現低醣(< 40%)及高醣(> 70%)飲食與高死亡率有關。
The Effects of High-Protein Diets on Kidney Health and Longevity 2020
https://jasn.asnjournals.org/content/31/8/1667
觀察性研究發現高蛋白(低醣、低脂)飲食(尤其是動物性蛋白質)與 CKD 有關。其機轉可能是腎絲球高過濾、代謝性酸中毒、慢性發炎、改變腸道菌叢。
High-protein diet with renal hyperfiltration is associated with rapid decline rate of renal function: a community-based prospective cohort study 2020
https://academic.oup.com/ndt/article/35/1/98/5511599
High-protein diets increase cardiovascular risk by activating macrophage mTOR to suppress mitophagy 2020
https://www.nature.com/articles/s42255-019-0162-4
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low carbohydrate high protein diets 在 一分鐘健身教室 Facebook 的最佳解答
【閒聊】為什麼我不信任飲食問卷研究
1. 只要問卷內容多,幾乎篤定會找到關聯性。
一份飲食問卷會問:你過去一年內吃過多少薯條、可樂、花椰菜、蘋果、巧克力、蛋黃。只要項目夠多,幾乎一定會有一項被發現與健康有顯著相關。
大量問卷經統計分析後,假如學者發現常吃巧克力者的血壓較低,這樣的研究很快就會登上新聞版面:「某國研究證實,巧克力有降血壓功效。」
但仔細想想,這其實是很荒謬的一件事情。
史考特同樣可以做一個問卷調查,看看大家的衣櫃裡都放些什麼衣物,有多少長褲、短褲、襯衫?家裡有幾雙襪子?什麼顏色居多?是進口還是國產的?衣物年齡多久?
史考特從大量的數據中,發現灰色襪子數量前25%的男性,髮量較稀疏。於是我也發表了一篇研究,數週後登上媒體版面:「台灣研究:灰襪子造成男性雄性禿」
只要我調查的項目夠多,就一定會不小心找到一個關聯性,在統計上又被稱為第一型錯誤(Type I error)
這樣的例子看起來荒謬,但以這樣概念發表的研究其實不在少數。
2. 人的記憶很不可靠,且問卷調查無法反映出真實情況
第一,人的記憶實在不可靠,要精準回憶昨天吃了什麼就已經不太容易了,更何況過去一年。
第二,人在接受訪問時,會傾向回答「符合社會期待」的答案。多報運動習慣、少報飲酒習慣,這是人之常情。
前陣子低碳水化合物飲食又被「最新研究」發現會縮短壽命,史考特有發文探討這類研究的限制在哪裡。
連結:
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanpub/article/PIIS2468-2667(18)30135-X/fulltext
根據這篇研究的表格一,受試者平均BMI有27-28,落在過重接近肥胖的範圍內,但每日攝取的熱量卻僅1500-1600大卡。
這種超自然現象,只有以下兩種解釋:
1. 這一萬五千人都在減肥
2. 大部分人被問到飲食習慣時,都有意或無意地低報了進食量
該不該相信飲食問卷研究,大家心裡應該有個底。
low carbohydrate high protein diets 在 Tiffany Shek 註冊營養師 Facebook 的最佳貼文
唔使驚食飯,亦都唔好癲咗咁淨係高脂肪嘅食物啦!均衡飲食呀嘛你知㗎👐🏻!
😲EATING CARBS WILL KILL YOU?🤔
💥There’s been lots of sensational headlines around a new study that was released this week 😱 So we thought we’d do a quick summary.
🔎For a more thorough breakdown we’d recommend the reviews by Dr Joanna McMillan & Nutrition Wonk (linked below)
⭐️WHAT WAS THE STUDY?⭐️
🔬The research (called the PURE study), looked at the diets of 135,335 people in 18 countries in Asia, Africa, Europe and America.
🍏Researchers looked at what people ate & followed them for ~7 years. They recorded who died (& why), as well as who had a cardiovascular event (like a heart attack/stroke).
❤️They then used their data on peoples diets to find out if there was any link between the % of macronutrients (carbs, fats, proteins) people ate & their risk of dying from heart disease/having a cardiovascular event.
⭐️WHAT DID THEY FIND?⭐️
🍚They found that the people who ate the most carbs (~77% of their diet) had a 28% higher risk of death (from all causes, but not from heart disease).
🥑They also found that the people who ate the most fat (~35% of their diets) had a 23% lower risk of death than people who ate the least fat (~10%).
🍖The type of fat people ate didn’t make a difference to the risk of heart disease or cardio events.
🍗 Low intakes of saturated fat were associated with a higher risk of stroke.
⭐️SOO CARBS ARE BAD AND FATS ARE GOOD?⭐️
✋️Not so fast! There’s a few things in this study which aren’t immediately obvious from the headlines:
1. It was an observational study - this means it can show links and patterns but not cause & effect.
2. The people who ate less than 60% of energy from carbohydrate weren’t at an increased risk of death, this association was only seen at VERY HIGH intakes of carbohydrates, not moderate intakes, as seen in the UK.
3. This study is done predominantly in low & middle income countries and the results may be clouded by poverty. For example, protein & fat in poor countries are usually more expensive than carbs. This means that people who are poorer are likely to eat a lot more carbs and not through choice. Poverty also usually means poorer access to/adequacy of healthcare and diets which don’t meet energy and nutrient requirements. It’s hard to tease this relationship out and so it could affect the results.
4. The high fat diet wasn’t really high fat. In fact the highest fat group ate ~35% fat, which is similar to current UK recommended amounts. The effects at higher intakes of fats weren’t included in the study.
5. This study only looked at different types of fat and not different types of carbohydrate, the predominant source of carbs in Asia being refined white rice, for example.
⭐️WHAT DOES THIS STUDY TELL US?⭐️
👍Overall, this study is an interesting addition to the body of research on fats and carbohydrates.
⚖️Its findings are in line with other research that has indicated that we shouldn’t be afraid of eating a moderate amount of fat (a la med diet), and that we shouldn’t be replacing fats with carbohydrates in our diets.
🤓However, unlike the headlines suggest, it’s not an indication that all carbs are “bad” for us, or a green light to eat bucket loads of fat. It simply supports the notion that diets with moderate amounts of good quality carbs and fats can be healthy.
low carbohydrate high protein diets 在 3 Day Low Carb High Protein Diet - YouTube 的推薦與評價
Welcome to another 3 day diet with amazing results ~ This time I tried out a 3 day low - carb high protein meal plan, which you can access ... ... <看更多>