關於 feature meaning ，我們在網路上蒐集到這些相關的討論、資訊與評價

We are proud to bring you the 3rd episode of Sembang Apa Tu! Jom join us and register at @theofficialopis - Repost
・・・
OpiS International is proud to feature Existential-Humanistic Psychology Malaysia (@existential_humanistic) in our third instalment of “Sembang Apa Tu?”. The LIVE Zoom and Facebook session will be on 26th June (Saturday) from 8.30PM to 10.00PM.

“Dealing With The Pandemic: Making Meaning of Loss” is focused on discussing the wide range of losses experienced during this pandemic. We have 2 respected academicians for this session:

1. Evone Phoo, Clinical Psychologist from HELP University
2. Bashir Bashardoost, Counselling Psychologist from HELP University

Join our interactive session and be part of the discussion by registering using the link in the bio. Looking forward to seeing and hearing from you.

PRODUCTS REVIEW - PANDORA

1. Pandora Silver Blue Sparkling Crown Solitaire Ring
💡DETAILS: 925 sterling silver. Mixed stones and Cubic Zirconia. Crystal.

2. Pandora Exotic Stones & Stripes Ring
💡DETAILS: Let the cool blues rule your style with this sparkling ring in Pandora Shine. The ring detailed with alternating lines of hand-applied blue enamel and cubic zirconia and engraved on the inside with a single heart. The ring is hand-finished in 18k gold-plated unique metal blend and looks equally good worn alone or together with other band styles as part of a personal ring stack.

3. Pandora Moments Snake Chain Bracelet [Metal Color: Pandora Rose]
💡DETAILS: Start your very own Pandora story with this sleek snake chain bracelet in Pandora Rose, a 14k rose gold-plated unique metal blend. The perfect canvas for your creativity, this hand-finished bracelet can be styled in countless ways. Fill it with your desired charms and clips, wear it on its own for a simple, understated look, or stack it with contrasting bracelets for a fun play on textures – the only limit is your imagination!

4. Pandora Moments Snake Chain Bracelet [Metal Color: Silver]
💡DETAILS: This bestselling charm bracelet is the perfect foundation for your Pandora collection. Crafted in sleek sterling silver, this snake chain bracelet features Pandora's iconic barrel clasp for a secure fit while the innovative threading system makes it easy to screw charms onto your bracelet. Simply add a couple of clips to divide the bracelet into three sections, then choose your favourite Pandora charms to express your unique style.

5. Pandora Moments Winged Heart Bangle
💡DETAILS: Present your loved one with the Pandora Moments Winged Heart Bangle. Hand-finished in sterling silver, this design features a heart-shaped clasp. The engraving on the front reads “Always by your side” with a small indented heart beneath it. Two moving angel wings feature on the back of the clasp. Gift this piece to your family member alongside a pair of heart-shaped sterling silver earrings to make them feel extra special.

6. Pandora Pavé Modern LovePods Bracelet
💡DETAILS: This timeless bracelet is hand-finished from radiant PANDORA Shine, 18k gold-plated sterling silver. Its three pods are encrusted with pavé-set stones that lend subtle sparkle to day or night looks.

7. Pandora Heart of Infinity Charm
💡DETAILS: This refined dangle is exquisitely detailed with a 14k gold heart and a sterling silver infinity sign, evoking feelings of endless love. Wear it on bracelets or necklaces, and style it in many ways.

8. Pandora Sparkling Beehive Dangle Charm
💡DETAILS: Show you are sweet as honey with this PANDORA Shine dangle in 18k gold-plated sterling silver. The beehive design holds a tiger eye stone and is adorned with glittering stones and a buzzing bee.

9. Pandora Oversized Sparkling Bow Charm
💡DETAILS: This sterling silver bow charm is designed to make a statement. With its larger-than-life appearance and sparkling stone embellishments, it ties stylings together with sophistication.

10. Pandora Red Pavé Tilted Heart Dangle Charm
💡DETAILS: Add a pop of colour to your look with the Red Pavé Tilted Heart Dangle Charm. Hand-finished in Pandora Rose (14k rose gold-plated unique metal blend), this titled heart-shaped design is decorated with different-sized red cubic zirconia on the front. The polished back side includes cut-out circles and hearts. Style with sterling silver charms on your favourite bracelet to make this piece stand out or team with other colourful symbols for a vibrant finish.

11. Pandora Stellar Blue Pavé Tilted Heart Dangle Charm
💡DETAILS: Add a pop of colour to your look with the Stellar Blue Pavé Tilted Heart Dangle Charm. Hand-finished in sterling silver, this titled heart-shaped design is decorated with different-sized blue crystals on the front. The polished back side includes cut-out circles and hearts. Style with sterling silver charms on your favourite bracelet to make this piece stand out or team with other colourful symbols for a vibrant finish.

12. Pandora Curb Chain Necklace [Metal: Rose gold plated]
💡DETAILS: No jewellery collection is complete without a simple versatile necklace that can be worn by itself or accessorised with your favourite pendants. One of the most essential pieces for any wardrobe, Pandora Rose necklace features a sliding clasp, flat interlocking chain links and a dangling curb chain. Wear the slider necklace on its own or layer it for a fashion-forward look and adjust to suit your desired length.

13. Pandora Rolo Chain Necklace
💡DETAILS: Discover a new way to wear your go-to charms with the Rolo Chain Necklace. Hand-finished in sterling silver, this simple design is adjustable to three different lengths. This piece can only be worn with small and medium-sized Pandora O Pendants. Attach a pendant with a sparkling ball clasp to make a statement. Team with sterling silver earrings decorated with stones for a uniform look with added shine.

14. Pandora Moments Small O Pendant [Metal: Rose gold plated]
💡DETAILS: There’s nothing like the feeling of adding a new charm to a collection, except maybe adding two! Discover a whole new way of collecting, displaying and showing off your new charms with this Pandora Moments O pendant. Hand-crafted in Pandora Rose (14ct rose gold-plated unique metal blend), the design is inspired by the Pandora crown O and features a snake chain look. You can elevate your look by adding up to five charms, dangles or pendants to your O Pendant.

15. Pandora Moments Heart Charm Pendant
💡DETAILS: Switch up your style with the Pandora Moments Heart Charm Pendant. Hand-finished in sterling silver, this design features our popular snake chain texture. The heart-shaped pendant hangs at an angle on the bail and includes a ball-shaped clasp featuring the Pandora logo. Press the heart-shaped button on the clasp to open. Style this piece with up to three charms, dangles or pendants on a thick cable chain necklace and go for designs in contrasting metal tones for a varied look. Please note, select wide charm styles cannot be worn on this Heart Charm Pendant.

✅OVERALL RATING: 10/10
🔴MY REVIEW: I like the brand PANDORA derived from the brand's positioning as an "affordable luxury brand". The original intention of this brand was to encourage girls to be themselves and show their true self in their own way. How interesting! The advantage of PANDORA is that you can buy it according to your own budget. Even if you only buy a necklace, you can wear it with a simple and elegant unique style. Another special feature of PANDORA is that each bracelet can be matched and interchanged with a variety of gold or silver charms. Everyone's collocation is unique. Speaking of my favorite, it is none other than the Pandora Moments Snake Chain Bracelet. The material is soft and fits the curvature of the wrist better. It is also one of the most classic styles in the brand. I especially like PANDORA charms. Each charm represents a memory and has a special meaning. And you can mix and match according to your own preferences. In my opinion, Pandora is a very story-telling brand, allowing consumers to wear a unique bracelet based on their imagination, and let the bracelet tell our own story. What an incredible thing this is.

📌Disclaimer: The above review is purely personal opinion. Not everyone likes what I like. Please note that what may work for me, may not work for anyone else. Results may vary from person to person, so please take this into consideration if you decide to try those products.

🔎UK WEBSITE - https://uk.pandora.net/en/
🔎UK FACEBOOK - https://www.facebook.com/PandoraUK

🔎HK WEBSITE - https://hk.pandora.net
🔎HK FACEBOOK - https://www.facebook.com/PandoraHongKong/

🔎IG - @theofficialpandora

#pandora #momentswithpandora #pandoranecklace #pandoracharm #pandorabracelet #pandoraring #pandorastyle #jewellery #pandorauk #pandorahk #lovekakalovefashion #hkfashion #fashionblogger #kakablogs #kakalovekakalovelife #productreview #shoponline

📜 [專欄新文章] Uniswap v3 Features Explained in Depth

✍️ 田少谷 Shao

📥 歡迎投稿： https://medium.com/taipei-ethereum-meetup #徵技術分享文 #使用心得 #教學文 #medium

Once again the game-changing DEX 🦄 👑

Image source: https://uniswap.org/blog/uniswap-v3/

Outline

0. Intro1. Uniswap & AMM recap2. Ticks 3. Concentrated liquidity4. Range orders: reversible limit orders5. Impacts of v36. Conclusion

0. Intro

The announcement of Uniswap v3 is no doubt one of the most exciting news in the DeFi place recently 🔥🔥🔥

While most have talked about the impact v3 can potentially bring on the market, seldom explain the delicate implementation techniques to realize all those amazing features, such as concentrated liquidity, limit-order-like range orders, etc.

Since I’ve covered Uniswap v1 & v2 (if you happen to know Mandarin, here are v1 & v2), there’s no reason for me to not cover v3 as well ✅

Thus, this article aims to guide readers through Uniswap v3, based on their official whitepaper and examples made on the announcement page. However, one needs not to be an engineer, as not many codes are involved, nor a math major, as the math involved is definitely taught in your high school, to fully understand the following content 😊😊😊

If you really make it through but still don’t get shxt, feedbacks are welcomed! 🙏

There should be another article focusing on the codebase, so stay tuned and let’s get started with some background noise!

1. Uniswap & AMM recap

Before diving in, we have to first recap the uniqueness of Uniswap and compare it to traditional order book exchanges.

Uniswap v1 & v2 are a kind of AMMs (automated market marker) that follow the constant product equation x * y = k, with x & y stand for the amount of two tokens X and Y in a pool and k as a constant.

Comparing to order book exchanges, AMMs, such as the previous versions of Uniswap, offer quite a distinct user experience:

AMMs have pricing functions that offer the price for the two tokens, which make their users always price takers, while users of order book exchanges can be both makers or takers.

Uniswap as well as most AMMs have infinite liquidity¹, while order book exchanges don’t. The liquidity of Uniswap v1 & v2 is provided throughout the price range [0,∞]².

Uniswap as well as most AMMs have price slippage³ and it’s due to the pricing function, while there isn’t always price slippage on order book exchanges as long as an order is fulfilled within one tick.

In an order book, each price (whether in green or red) is a tick. Image source: https://ftx.com/trade/BTC-PERP

¹ though the price gets worse over time; AMM of constant sum such as mStable does not have infinite liquidity

² the range is in fact [-∞,∞], while a price in most cases won’t be negative

³ AMM of constant sum does not have price slippage

2. Tick

The whole innovation of Uniswap v3 starts from ticks.

For those unfamiliar with what is a tick:

Source: https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/tick.asp

By slicing the price range [0,∞] into numerous granular ticks, trading on v3 is highly similar to trading on order book exchanges, with only three differences:

The price range of each tick is predefined by the system instead of being proposed by users.

Trades that happen within a tick still follows the pricing function of the AMM, while the equation has to be updated once the price crosses the tick.

Orders can be executed with any price within the price range, instead of being fulfilled at the same one price on order book exchanges.

With the tick design, Uniswap v3 possesses most of the merits of both AMM and an order book exchange! 💯💯💯

So, how is the price range of a tick decided?

This question is actually somewhat related to the tick explanation above: the minimum tick size for stocks trading above 1$ is one cent.

The underlying meaning of a tick size traditionally being one cent is that one cent (1% of 1$) is the basis point of price changes between ticks, ex: 1.02 — 1.01 = 0.1.

Uniswap v3 employs a similar idea: compared to the previous/next price, the price change should always be 0.01% = 1 basis point.

However, notice the difference is that in the traditional basis point, the price change is defined with subtraction, while here in Uniswap it’s division.

This is how price ranges of ticks are decided⁴:

Image source: https://uniswap.org/whitepaper-v3.pdf

With the above equation, the tick/price range can be recorded in the index form [i, i+1], instead of some crazy numbers such as 1.0001¹⁰⁰ = 1.0100496621.

As each price is the multiplication of 1.0001 of the previous price, the price change is always 1.0001 — 1 = 0.0001 = 0.01%.

For example, when i=1, p(1) = 1.0001; when i=2, p(2) = 1.00020001.

p(2) / p(1) = 1.00020001 / 1.0001 = 1.0001

See the connection between the traditional basis point 1 cent (=1% of 1$) and Uniswap v3’s basis point 0.01%?

Image source: https://tenor.com/view/coin-master-cool-gif-19748052

But sir, are prices really granular enough? There are many shitcoins with prices less than 0.000001$. Will such prices be covered as well?

Price range: max & min

To know if an extremely small price is covered or not, we have to figure out the max & min price range of v3 by looking into the spec: there is a int24 tick state variable in UniswapV3Pool.sol.

Image source: https://uniswap.org/whitepaper-v3.pdf

The reason for a signed integer int instead of an uint is that negative power represents prices less than 1 but greater than 0.

24 bits can cover the range between 1.0001 ^ (2²³ — 1) and 1.0001 ^ -(2)²³. Even Google cannot calculate such numbers, so allow me to offer smaller values to have a rough idea of the whole price range:

1.0001 ^ (2¹⁸) = 242,214,459,604.341

1.0001 ^ -(2¹⁷) = 0.000002031888943

I think it’s safe to say that with a int24 the range can cover > 99.99% of the prices of all assets in the universe 👌

⁴ For implementation concern, however, a square root is added to both sides of the equation.

How about finding out which tick does a price belong to?

Tick index from price

The answer to this question is rather easy, as we know that p(i) = 1.0001^i, simply takes a log with base 1.0001 on both sides of the equation⁴:

Image source: https://www.codecogs.com/latex/eqneditor.php

Let’s try this out, say we wanna find out the tick index of 1000000.

Image source: https://ncalculators.com/number-conversion/log-logarithm-calculator.htm

Now, 1.0001¹³⁸¹⁶² = 999,998.678087146. Voila!

⁵ This formula is also slightly modified to fit the real implementation usage.

3. Concentrated liquidity

Now that we know how ticks and price ranges are decided, let’s talk about how orders are executed in a tick, what is concentrated liquidity and how it enables v3 to compete with stablecoin-specialized DEXs (decentralized exchange), such as Curve, by improving the capital efficiency.

Concentrated liquidity means LPs (liquidity providers) can provide liquidity to any price range/tick at their wish, which causes the liquidity to be imbalanced in ticks.

As each tick has a different liquidity depth, the corresponding pricing function x * y = k also won’t be the same!

Each tick has its own liquidity depth. Image source: https://uniswap.org/blog/uniswap-v3/

Mmm… examples are always helpful for abstract descriptions 😂

Say the original pricing function is 100(x) * 1000(y) = 100000(k), with the price of X token 1000 / 100 = 10 and we’re now in the price range [9.08, 11.08].

If the liquidity of the price range [11.08, 13.08] is the same as [9.08, 11.08], we don’t have to modify the pricing function if the price goes from 10 to 11.08, which is the boundary between two ticks.

The price of X is 1052.63 / 95 = 11.08 when the equation is 1052.63 * 95 = 100000.

However, if the liquidity of the price range [11.08, 13.08] is two times that of the current range [9.08, 11.08], balances of x and y should be doubled, which makes the equation become 2105.26 * 220 = 400000, which is (1052.63 * 2) * (110 * 2) = (100000 * 2 * 2).

We can observe the following two points from the above example:

Trades always follow the pricing function x * y = k, while once the price crosses the current price range/tick, the liquidity/equation has to be updated.

√(x * y) = √k = L is how we represent the liquidity, as I say the liquidity of x * y = 400000 is two times the liquidity of x * y = 100000, as √(400000 / 100000) = 2.

What’s more, compared to liquidity on v1 & v2 is always spread across [0,∞], liquidity on v3 can be concentrated within certain price ranges and thus results in higher capital efficiency from traders’ swapping fees!

Let’s say if I provide liquidity in the range [1200, 2800], the capital efficiency will then be 4.24x higher than v2 with the range [0,∞] 😮😮😮 There’s a capital efficiency comparison calculator, make sure to try it out!

Image source: https://uniswap.org/blog/uniswap-v3/

It’s worth noticing that the concept of concentrated liquidity was proposed and already implemented by Kyper, prior to Uniswap, which is called Automated Price Reserve in their case.⁵

⁶ Thanks to Yenwen Feng for the information.

4. Range orders: reversible limit orders

As explained in the above section, LPs of v3 can provide liquidity to any price range/tick at their wish. Depending on the current price and the targeted price range, there are three scenarios:

current price < the targeted price range

current price > the targeted price range

current price belongs to the targeted price range

The first two scenarios are called range orders. They have unique characteristics and are essentially fee-earning reversible limit orders, which will be explained later.

The last case is the exact same liquidity providing mechanism as the previous versions: LPs provide liquidity in both tokens of the same value (= amount * price).

There’s also an identical product to the case: grid trading, a very powerful investment tool for a time of consolidation. Dunno what’s grid trading? Check out Binance’s explanation on this, as this topic won’t be covered!

In fact, LPs of Uniswap v1 & v2 are grid trading with a range of [0,∞] and the entry price as the baseline.

Range orders

To understand range orders, we’d have to first revisit how price is discovered on Uniswap with the equation x * y = k, for x & y stand for the amount of two tokens X and Y and k as a constant.

The price of X compared to Y is y / x, which means how many Y one can get for 1 unit of X, and vice versa the price of Y compared to X is x / y.

For the price of X to go up, y has to increase and x decrease.

With this pricing mechanism in mind, it’s example time!

Say an LP plans to place liquidity in the price range [15.625, 17.313], higher than the current price of X 10, when 100(x) * 1000(y) = 100000(k).

The price of X is 1250 / 80 = 15.625 when the equation is 80 * 1250 = 100000.

The price of X is 1315.789 / 76 = 17.313 when the equation is 76 * 1315.789 = 100000.

If now the price of X reaches 15.625, the only way for the price of X to go even higher is to further increase y and decrease x, which means exchanging a certain amount of X for Y.

Thus, to provide liquidity in the range [15.625, 17.313], an LP needs only to prepare 80 — 76 = 4 of X. If the price exceeds 17.313, all 4 X of the LP is swapped into 1315.789 — 1250 = 65.798 Y, and then the LP has nothing more to do with the pool, as his/her liquidity is drained.

What if the price stays in the range? It’s exactly what LPs would love to see, as they can earn swapping fees for all transactions in the range! Also, the balance of X will swing between [76, 80] and the balance of Y between [1250, 1315.789].

This might not be obvious, but the example above shows an interesting insight: if the liquidity of one token is provided, only when the token becomes more valuable will it be exchanged for the less valuable one.

…wut? 🤔

Remember that if 4 X is provided within [15.625, 17.313], only when the price of X goes up from 15.625 to 17.313 is 4 X gradually swapped into Y, the less valuable one!

What if the price of X drops back immediately after reaching 17.313? As X becomes less valuable, others are going to exchange Y for X.

The below image illustrates the scenario of DAI/USDC pair with a price range of [1.001, 1.002] well: the pool is always composed entirely of one token on both sides of the tick, while in the middle 1.001499⁶ is of both tokens.

Image source: https://uniswap.org/blog/uniswap-v3/

Similarly, to provide liquidity in a price range < current price, an LP has to prepare a certain amount of Y for others to exchange Y for X within the range.

To wrap up such an interesting feature, we know that:

Only one token is required for range orders.

Only when the current price is within the range of the range order can LP earn trading fees. This is the main reason why most people believe LPs of v3 have to monitor the price more actively to maximize their income, which also means that LPs of v3 have become arbitrageurs 🤯

I will be discussing more the impacts of v3 in 5. Impacts of v3.

⁷ 1.001499988 = √(1.0001 * 1.0002) is the geometric mean of 1.0001 and 1.0002. The implication is that the geometric mean of two prices is the average execution price within the range of the two prices.

Reversible limit orders

As the example in the last section demonstrates, if there is 4 X in range [15.625, 17.313], the 4 X will be completely converted into 65.798 Y when the price goes over 17.313.

We all know that a price can stay in a wide range such as [10, 11] for quite some time, while it’s unlikely so in a narrow range such as [15.625, 15.626].

Thus, if an LP provides liquidity in [15.625, 15.626], we can expect that once the price of X goes over 15.625 and immediately also 15.626, and does not drop back, all X are then forever converted into Y.

The concept of having a targeted price and the order will be executed after the price is crossed is exactly the concept of limit orders! The only difference is that if the range of a range order is not narrow enough, it’s highly possible that the conversion of tokens will be reverted once the price falls back to the range.

As price ranges follow the equation p(i) = 1.0001 ^ i, the range can be quite narrow and a range order can thus effectively serve as a limit order:

When i = 27490, 1.0001²⁷⁴⁹⁰ = 15.6248.⁸

When i = 27491, 1.0001²⁷⁴⁹¹ = 15.6264.⁸

A range of 0.0016 is not THAT narrow but can certainly satisfy most limit order use cases!

⁸ As mentioned previously in note #4, there is a square root in the equation of the price and index, thus the numbers here are for explantion only.

5. Impacts of v3

Higher capital efficiency, LPs become arbitrageurs… as v3 has made tons of radical changes, I’d like to summarize my personal takes of the impacts of v3:

Higher capital efficiency makes one of the most frequently considered indices in DeFi: TVL, total value locked, becomes less meaningful, as 1$ on Uniswap v3 might have the same effect as 100$ or even 2000$ on v2.

The ease of spot exchanging between spot exchanges used to be a huge advantage of spot markets over derivative markets. As LPs will take up the role of arbitrageurs and arbitraging is more likely to happen on v3 itself other than between DEXs, this gap is narrowed … to what extent? No idea though.

LP strategies and the aggregation of NFT of Uniswap v3 liquidity token are becoming the blue ocean for new DeFi startups: see Visor and Lixir. In fact, this might be the turning point for both DeFi and NFT: the two main reasons of blockchain going mainstream now come to the alignment of interest: solving the $$ problem 😏😏😏

In the right venue, which means a place where transaction fees are low enough, such as Optimism, we might see Algo trading firms coming in to share the market of designing LP strategies on Uniswap v3, as I believe Algo trading is way stronger than on-chain strategies or DAO voting to add liquidity that sort of thing.

After reading this article by Parsec.finance: The Dex to Rule Them All, I cannot help but wonder: maybe there is going to be centralized crypto exchanges adopting v3’s approach. The reason is that since orders of LPs in the same tick are executed pro-rata, the endless front-running speeding-competition issue in the Algo trading world, to some degree, is… solved? 🤔

Anyway, personal opinions can be biased and seriously wrong 🙈 I’m merely throwing out a sprat to catch a whale. Having a different voice? Leave your comment down below!

6. Conclusion

That was kinda tough, isn’t it? Glad you make it through here 🥂🥂🥂

There are actually many more details and also a huge section of Oracle yet to be covered. However, since this article is more about features and targeting normal DeFi users, I’ll leave those to the next one; hope there is one 😅

If you have any doubt or find any mistake, please feel free to reach out to me and I’d try to reply AFAP!

Stay tuned and in the meantime let’s wait and see how Uniswap v3 is again pioneering the innovation of DeFi 🌟

Uniswap v3 Features Explained in Depth was originally published in Taipei Ethereum Meetup on Medium, where people are continuing the conversation by highlighting and responding to this story.

👏 歡迎轉載分享鼓掌

Hello everyone, I know it's been a while. I just thought I would put together some of my old Taiwan clips on my hard drive and try to make something to help everyone relax, a little like an ASMR video. No deep meaning or profound points made, just a chill out video. It was fun to play with a bit of animation. How is Taiwan now? I hope everyone is staying at home and not getting infected! I am preparing some new Line stickers. The bird character that you saw in the video will feature and so will the Taiwan monkey. I may make some short animations about things that happened to me in Taiwan if you you would like know about my life when I was living there, leave some question in the comments section. Remember to Dream Lucid!

大家好， 我知道清醒夢好久沒有po影片，最近很多事在忙。
你們好嗎？希望大家都平安健康、沒有得到肺炎。
這個影片只是要讓人放鬆，沒有什麼太深的意思，也沒有什麼重點，單純就是一個FU而已。
我之後可能會用動畫的方式做一些我在台灣發生過的事，你會對怎麼樣的主題有興趣呢？記得留言！

休息是暫時的，但我也不確定什麼時候會回來。

Dr34mlucid Links:
清醒夢連結：

▶ Patreon：https://www.patreon.com/dr34mlucid
▶ Paypal是一次性的，連結在此：https://www.paypal.me/dr34mlucid
▶ FB: https://www.facebook.com/dr34mlucid
▶ IG: dr34mlucid

#dr34mlucid #asmr #taiwan

Hong Kong is teemed with rubbish bins of all sorts, totalling 42,000 in 2014 – meaning one for every 172 people and 10 times more than Seoul. Such abundance has drawn Louis Chung and Tom Hui, both in their early 20s, to keep a record of these bins across the city and share their trail of trash cans on Instagram.

Chung’s unusual interest in waste containers can be dated back to his childhood walks, where he always noticed a purple rubbish bin on his way home from school every day. He recalls, “I saw that bin as my childhood companion.” Growing up, he has taken pictures of every rubbish bin he spotted, before partnering with his design school classmate Hui to develop their final year project based on the subject. His enthusiasm has grown even greater after completing the project and now his current goal is to publish a photo album exclusively of local waste containers.

https://hk.appledaily.com/feature/20210307/F6ZO3PVDQ5CL5GN4A47X5V2QEA/

影片:
【我是南丫島人】23歲仔獲cafe免費借位擺一人咖啡檔 $6,000租住350呎村屋：愛這裏互助關係 (果籽 Apple Daily) (https://youtu.be/XSugNPyaXFQ)
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It was established by Arthur and Walter's Dabiddoson brother and William Sylvester Harleys in 1903.

The motorcycle manufacturer in the United States existed in the past and time only of one
company of Harley Davidson existed, too.

An actual pronunciation is near "Hurley Davissn" though an official name in Japan is "Harley
Davidson".
Feature

The feature of the maximum motorcycle made by the Harley Davidson company is a peculiar pulse feeling, externals that large displacement air cooling OHV and V type twin engine bring, and has a lot of charm fans in this. The drive is a belt drive that is converted the crank movement into the belt by the chain in a primary case and told the rear wheel. Most of the category that is called "American" of the domestic production manufacturer is OHC, V type twin engine, and the style that mimics features other than the drive. Blustan CEO of an American headquarters and chairman shows the idea, "Aim at the Harley that everyone can get on from a high-level Harley to a popular Harley" in 2001.

The shift started, twin cam 88B(balancer) was piled up from evolution 1340cc to present engine and twin cam 88.1450cc by the Softal system in 2000 in 1999, and those engines were improved to 1584cc in the boa in 2007(stroke). It is appearance of twin cam 96(cubic inch). The agreement of exhaust emissions regulations became a problem along with the large exhaust. The catalyst technology is introduced into the muffler in 2001, and all models to whom a new car is sold are made an injection in 2007. However, because the feeling etc. of the engine are different along with make to the injection from the one of a past carburetor specification (A peculiar feeling heavy to the cab was canceled), the deep-rooted popularitys are collected in the model of the cab specification. A present system is completed very much and has finished very much high about reliability though keeps sending the fuel even if the distortion occurs in the piston for the injection in 2003, and is reported on the case where Baspakkin of the cylinder mount is burnt.

Moreover, the motorcycle equipped with the first, water-cooled DOHC V twin engine (Revolution engine) was born ..this company in 2002.., too. (Refer to the page of VRSC for details. )

The model where the profit cannot be taken by the competition with the motorcycle manufacturer in Japan reduces the scale as abolition etc. , and the designed model ..straightening now "Run in the long distance with the United States freeway".. is centered though a small scooter etc. also were manufacturing the Harley company before. Therefore, the ability cannot be demonstrated in the mountainous district and the circuit. It was used in the United States for the police traffic management (Recently, a foreign car such as Kawasaki and BMWs is used).

The home manufacturer was acquired in the inside and 2001 when the entire two-wheel market reduced and the large-sized car share head position of more suppression 750cc was acquired in a Japanese market. It is assumed to two person in the expressway getting on opening of an automatic two-wheeled vehicle by the Road Traffic Law revision in the license acquisition system establishment in the car driving school by the large-scale automatic operation two-wheeled vehicle license foundation in 1996 and 2005 that a foreign manufacturer such as Harleys demanded in the background strong.

The Harley was a vehicle that enjoyed the sound and the pulse. Environmental protection..viewpoint..twin..cam..balanc er..engine..appearance..catalyst..techno logy..introduction..sound..pulse..model. .suppress.

The installation of an illegal muffler was controlled voluntarily by the notice of Harley Davidson Japan that was the sole agency by Japan in around 2003. The agreement of the installation self-imposed control of an illegal muffler was made also between the agency and the sales network in each administrative divisions. This is a meaning that prevents differences from being in the shop that installs it and the shop that doesn't obtain the defense of the notice in numbers of sales.