「地獄空」攝影集即將在八月中元節前出版，由知名設計師與攝影家黃子欽設計，內附在下二位高徒精美繪製符咒、心經版畫書籤、愣嚴咒牌、尊勝咒語...等，感恩十方大德助印，希望疫情退散，平安喜樂，後記如下：
野放台灣五十餘年，貪狼獨坐，三方四正殺破狼格局，少年多舛，白手起家，隨展覽雲遊四海，如閒雲野鶴常持各類底片機流連廢墟、山川、宮廟忘返，遂設幻影堂自詡堂主，一日三省「凡所有相皆是虛妄」，常宅於暗房沖片放大通宵、鍾情黑白世界之單純，彩色照片俗世繽紛花俏做作甜美甚至比現實更現實故少拍也。知天命之年有餘，了悟人生一瞬、眨眼即逝，雖非仙人，亦無道骨，初聞離垢地生清淨心，但離華嚴「不動地」尚遠，待修持也。
2017年盛暑拍畢《巨神連線》，心律不整差點心肌梗塞向閻羅王報到，意識死神隨伺在側，人生苦短，如何了生脫死、盡斷煩惱、無所罣礙、遠離顛倒……總不得解，蒙釋迦摩尼佛開示飆淚三晝夜，聞佛法數載始知自我渺如塵埃，甚感慚愧。閒暇乃參訪名寺古剎，禮敬焚香佛陀菩薩羅漢諸神天仙王爺媽娘，台灣宮廟千奇百怪、宗派錯綜複雜（佛教、道教、一貫道、天主教、基督教、齋教、回教＆大同教、儒教鑾堂、天帝教＆天德教、慈惠堂＆勝安宮、軒轅教、道院、理教、萬國道德會、會靈山……）、神棍橫行（依人不依法、偶像崇拜、斂財、邪淫），因歷史變遷、社會動盪、政治鬥爭、意識形態等因素導致佛道混雜，但地獄造景稀少，後專注拍攝各殿閻王、判官、陰司、獄卒、七爺、八爺乃至一切罪人，各寺造景巧妙、耐人尋味，意境乖張溢於言表，造型扭曲非常人所能塑也，然匠心獨運、自成一格，專研西方藝術數十載方知真誠樸拙最美，絲毫不輸喬托（Giotto di Bondone，1267～1337）乃至米開朗基羅（Michelangelo Di lodovico Buonarroti Simoni 1475 ~ 1564）矣。
創立於1986年的石門金剛宮風景優美可眺望北濱，雖主祀四面佛，儒釋道眾神尊也不含糊，可過七星橋解厄、繞行五百黝黑羅漢敲鑼印心、跪拜亞洲最大臥佛涅槃像，安太歲自不在話下，甲子太歲爺雙眼長出手掌印象甚深，1994年經閻羅王指示廟公建造一條肚內設極樂世界及陰曹地府之神龍，行走暗黑通道觸動感應機關，只見面容猙獰受刑者呼天搶地喊冤、身邊盡是血肉糢糊殘肢敗屍腦漿塗地，十殿閻羅各司其職、威儀攝人。新北市林口區青嶺湖北文紫祥宮包公廟則以壁面彩塑地獄浮雕獨步全台，粉嫩色彩搭配卡漫風格，尤為造型簡直恐怖到可愛透頂，該廟主祀森羅殿閻羅天子包拯（包青天），陽世冤屈者可至此參拜祭解，求破懸案者眾，逢中元普渡皆以紙紮船渡亡魂至彼岸，全台唯一閻羅天子巨像籌備中，四周環繞墓地，適合修不淨觀也。台灣首尊彰化八卦山大佛旁南天宮（1971）地府則是首座電動地府，規模精小但驚嚇度破表，略顯破敗但五光十色仍蠻凶悍，出自已故台南大道長金登富之作，而電動神明起始可追溯至1960年代北港朝天宮。倒是嘉義水上鄉白人牙膏觀光工廠「戴相府」、「將軍府」設置十殿地府出乎意料之外，乾淨亮麗、ㄧ殿ㄧ間、簡單樸實。由高雄蓮潭龍虎塔龍口入內可見全臺唯一交趾陶地獄牆面，尊尊栩栩如生，續入龍身乃進聞聲救苦白衣觀音大士三十三化身浮雕隧道，造型設色甚為古錐。高雄大岡山超峰寺入口處「西方三聖蓮池海會」（阿彌陀佛、觀世音菩薩、大勢至菩薩巨像）旁設靜態十殿閻羅（1970年代初），雖略為陳舊然韻味猶存，續往上行可抵「證菩提道－釋迦如來應化事迹」雕塑園區，一攬世尊畢生精華。如來年邁時，琉璃國王為報長期被釋迦族輕蔑之傲慢心，世尊雖三次單獨伽跌坐 阻擋大軍進攻之路，但因緣果報無法逆轉，昔日婢女所生王子瞋恨無以復加，還是滅了祖國。自持神通第一目犍連不忍無辜百姓慘遭屠殺，遂以缽盛救度五百族人，最終卻化為血水，佛言神通廣大仍不敵千百劫業力，因緣果報屢試不爽。其母死後墜入餓鬼道飢餓難耐，目犍連遂展神通救渡，但所食尚未入口皆化為赤火，佛陀囑咐農曆七月十五日僧眾解安居自恣日，於盆中設甘露美食供養十方僧眾，因此超度亡母。後世「盂蘭盆法會」乃至「水懺法會」、「瑜珈焰口法會 」皆為消業障、斷塵垢之超渡儀軌，既渡亡魂也自懺悔。
台南麻豆代天府規模宏大、造型豔麗，不但可遊十八層地獄尚可逛天堂（1979年興建，1983年開放)，燈光絢爛、聲響駭人，獨自漫步宛如觀落陰、地獄走一回。先過「心頭山」、入「清心池」、進「陰陽界」、抵「交簿廳」、達「鬼門關」、遊「補經所」、探「枉死城」、行「奈何橋」，至ㄧ殿泰廣王照「孽鏡台」現造惡原形，睹抱柱、火床等小地獄。二殿楚江王開「陰查簿 」判案定奪，觀糞尿泥、餓鬼、舞池、寒冰、膿血、鞭韃、舌犁、劍葉、戟腹拋接、砧截……等小地獄。三殿宋帝王刑罰為倒吊、銅鐵刮臉、挖眼、搗樁、倒烤、吸血、穿肋、抽筋、蛆蛀等小地獄……兼遊「四生（胎、卵、濕、化）回魂府」。四殿五官王掌管腰斬、拔舌、沸湯、刺嘴、剝皮、箭樹、車崩、射眼……等十六小地獄。隨五殿森羅王豋「望鄉臺」回眸親人最終眼後觀擊膝、誅心、刀山、飛刀火石……小地獄。六殿卞城王別稱「大叫喚大地獄」，轄火牛、虎啖、噬腎、鉗嘴含鍼、釘喉、磨摧、砍頭……等小地獄。七殿泰山王為「熱惱大地獄」，窺烙手指、抽腸、頂石蹲身、油釜滾烹、割舌穿腮……等十六小地獄。八殿都市王掌管「大熱惱大地獄」兼火狗、鐵汁、鐵蛇、鋸劈斷肢、釘板、灸脊、鐵丸、磅秤……等小地獄。九殿平等王直轄十八層「阿鼻大地獄」，直透地心、內中陰森、不見五指、滿溢地漿，皆為極犯，另轄紫赤毒蛇鑽孔、夾頂、鐵鴉、針雨、蜂蠍……等小地獄。至十殿輪轉王上「觀生臺」、「轉劫所八司」（查驗司 、稽善司 、考過司 、恩怨司 、壽命司 、支配司、掌劫司 、授生司）後至「孟婆亭」飲「醧忘湯」忘盡前塵往事，依前世功德過金、銀、玉、石、木、竹六種橋樑至「轉輪臺（紫河車）」入六道輪迴轉生投胎。據《十八泥犁經》記載，人過世後七七四十九天為「中陰生」，經閻羅王審判善惡業力判定去留或懲罰百千萬劫，犯五逆重罪則墮入「無間地獄（阿鼻地獄）」永劫不復。地藏王乃幽冥教主，統轄十殿閻羅，逢三曹普渡便在各殿設「講道所」超度尚存善根之鬼魂。
人類居於五趣（阿修羅、人、傍生、餓鬼、地獄）雜居地五濁惡世之堪忍世界，犯十惡業（殺生、偷盜、邪淫、妄語、兩舌、惡口、綺語、貪慾、嗔恚、愚痴）者必墮三趣惡道。如何出「三界」（欲界、色界、無色界）二十八天？凡人無此意識，別說能破「十二因緣」（無明、行、識、名色、六入、觸、受、愛、取、有、生、老死）還滅門，更別想斷除「四聖諦」（苦、集、滅、道）集地八十一品見惑與八十八使思惑（五利使-身見、邊見、邪見、見取見、戒禁取見、五鈍使-貪、瞋、癡、慢、疑），了悟「五蘊」（色、受、想、行、識）本空、「十二入」（眼、耳、鼻、舌、意、色、聲、香、味、觸、法）空、「十八界」空，破俱生我執與分別我執、法執甚至空執，生十一處「善心所」（信、精進、慚、愧、無貪、無瞋、無痴、輕安、不放逸、行捨、不害），降二十六處「惡心所」（貪、瞋、癡、慢、疑、惡見、忿、恨、覆、惱、嫉、慳、誑、諂、害、憍、無慚、無愧、掉舉、惛沉、不信、懈怠、放逸、失念、散亂、不正知），須知善根斷盡則陷永劫輪迴、無垠轉世之苦。
地獄可能空滅嗎？若地獄空乏人間多鬼怪，地獄淨空世間何嘗非淨土？若能證空性何處現地獄？
地獄曠古來便廣泛流傳各部族間，老死生滅為自然運行之基礎、宇宙意識之核心，然今文明昌盛如咱城邦並非慾望消弭之所，惡性所及實無可根除，礙於憲法國家法律社會軍隊企業公司學校家庭團體之層層束縛不亞於十八層，乃遁於壓抑、束己情懷，暗埋心底、日久貪嗔痴慢疑怨噌會疊穢。而六塵未熄，心多妄念，妖魔鬼怪魑魅魍魎孤魂閃靈出沒於荒郊乃至人間，會靈於曠野密林以增性靈乃出世高人修煉之舉，我等凡人擅闖宛如迪士尼般之人造地獄，三魂七魄尚不足以出竅，驚邪恐怖淒厲猙獰倒滿足了自以為是的慚愧，豈不謬哉？
病毒肆虐年半有餘，全球確診者逼近一億八千萬，枉死者近四百萬，堪比戰爭規模，望眾生發慈悲心、令往生者安息、善待其他物種、平等有情眾生。地獄本空，唯妄念生起一切羨慕嫉妒恨而地獄現前。盡以此書作為世界新冷戰獨裁者、超限戰者、暗網駭客、陰險狡猾冷嘲熱諷落井下石者之良知備忘錄矣。
姚瑞中寫於2021年端午節
Postscript
I have been living recklessly in Taiwan for more than fifty years. According to Zi Wei Dou Shu (Purple Star Astrology), Tan Lang is the sole star in my house of Self. This star, which represents xxx, forms an equilateral triangle with that star Qi Sha and Po Jun on the square chart and constitutes a Sha Po Lang pattern. The pattern indicates a kind of turbulence and change, a life of wandering with ups and downs and it tells a lot about my life. After my ill-fated youth, I started from scratch and traveled around the world with exhibitions that I participated. Like a flaneur, I wandered around ruins, nature, and temples with every type of film camera obliviously. Thus, I founded the Hall of Illusion and claimed to be the master of the hall. Several times a day, I pondered a quote from the Diamond Sutra, “Everything with form is unreal.” In addition, I usually stayed in the darkroom developing film and enlarging those negatives overnight. However, I treasured the simplicity of the black and white world. The earthly, gaudy, garish, phony and pleasing qualities within colored photos make the images even more realistic than the real world. It is not my cup of tea, so I seldom took colored photos. In Confucian thought, the age of fifty marks the stage knowing the mandate of Heaven. I am now at my fifties and realize how ephemeral human life is. However, I am not an immortal, nor having sagelike characteristics. I just learned that the stage of stainless (the second bhūmi) and develop a pure mind that is free from doubt and defilement. However, I’m still far from the immovable state and need to practice.
In the summer of 2017, after filming the work Incarnation, I experienced a severe heart rhythm problem which almost triggered myocardial infarction and could have killed me. Consequently, I realized that death was waiting for me and the life is too short to figure out how I can liberate myself from the cycle of Birth and Death. I couldn’t comprehend how to be free from all afflictions and worries and how to avoid delusive ideas. I wept for three days and nights after being enlightened by Shakyamuni Buddha. Up to the moment, I felt ashamed that I failed to realize that the self is as insignificant as dust after these years learning and practicing Buddhism. Since then, I have visited famous temples and monasteries in my spare time, worshiping Buddha, Bodhisattvas, arhats, and all the deities and immortals. Taiwan’s temples are myriad with a enormous number of sects, including Buddhism, Taoism, Yiguandao, Catholicism, Christianity, Chinese religions of fasting, Islam& Baháʼí Faith, Confucianism, Tiandiism& Tian-De Teachings, Xiwangmu cult, Yellow Emperor Sect, Precosmic Salvationism, Liism, World Wide Ethical Society, séance cult, etc. Some people even claim that they can mediate communication between the deities or spirits of the dead with human beings, having their believer rely on themselves instead of the orthodox dharma or dogma and pay excessive respect and admiration for the mediums or objects, accumulating wealth through such an unfair means or even harassing their believer sexually. Due to Taiwan’s historical changes, social turbulence, political struggles, and ideological issues, Buddhism and Taoism are somehow mixed. However, there are few emphases on the concept of the hell. As I took photographs of Yama of each court, judges, wardens of the underworld, jailers, General Fan and Hsieh (the ghost escorts) and all sinners, I found few temples cleverly created hellish scenes that are intriguing, exaggerating, and extraordinary. However, the creations are unparalleled unique. I have been studying Western arts for decades and then I came to realize that simplicity makes the most beautiful works of art. These hellish scenes can even compete with works of Giotto di Bondone (1267-1337) and Michelangelo Di lodovico Buonarroti Simoni (1475-1564).
Jingang Temple Shimen District, founded in 1986, overlooks the beautiful North shore. Although the temple is mainly dedicated to Phra Phrom (the Thai representation of Mahabrahma), spirits of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism can also be founded in the temple. The worshipper can go cross the Seven Star bridge to relieve bad luck, walk along the five hundred arhat statues and knock on the gong to affirm one’s Buddha nature. Furthermore, the worshipper can also prostrate themself before Asia’s largest statue of Buddha in Nirvana (the Reclining Buddha statue) and pacify the Taoist Tai Sui deity of the year. I was impressed by the Jia-Zi Tai Sui General that a pair of palms grow out of his eyes. In 1994, the biō-kong (the person taking charge of the temporal affairs of a temple) received a divine inspiration from Yama (the King of Hell) that he had to build a sacred hall in the shape of a divine dragon, with the interior designed according to the World of Ultimate Bliss and the Underworld. When the visitor walks in the dark hallway, they will see the tortured people (dioramas, of course) scrunching their faces and crying bitterly and loudly in excessive grief as the visitor triggers the mechanism. One will even find them in the midst of flesh, body liquid and blood, mutilated limbs, and rotten corpses. While each of the ten Yamas are focusing on their own duties, showing their sacred dignity that collect visitors’ attention. The Baogong Temple in Linkou District, New Taipei City exclusively features colorful depiction of hellish scenes in relief in Taiwan. With its pastel shades and cartoon-like style, the relief is both grotesque and adorable at the same time. This temple is dedicated to Bao Zhen (also known as Justice Bao) representing the incarnation of Yama. Living people who have been treated unjustly can come worshipping Bao Gong and receive exorcism. Therefore, many people come here for seeking to solve unsolved cases. In Zhongyuan Festival (the ghost festival), the temple will burn the Zhizha (paper craft) boat to ferry the ghosts to the other shore, which is the shore of enlightenment. The only giant statue of Yama in Taiwan is still in the making. The temple is surrounded by a cemetery, suitable for meditating on the loathsomeness and impurity. Nantian Temple (1971), located next to the Eight Trigram Mountains Buddha in Changhua, features the first animatronic underworld. Despite the small size, the animatronic underworld is intensely shocking. Though it’s slightly worn, the colorful dioramas are still brutally ferocious. The creator was the late venerable Dao Zhang (Taoist priest) Jing Deng-fu while the origin of animatronic deities can be traced back to the 1960s Beigang Chaotian Temple. On the contrary, the Whiteman Toothpaste Tourism Factory in Shuishang Township, Chiayi, features ten Yamas with individual booth. The place is unexpectedly clean and polished yet keeps a simple and modest tone. Then, the Dragon Pagoda of the Dragon and Tiger Pagodas at Lotus Lake in Zuoying, Kaohsiung, holds the only relief of hellish scenes made of Kochin ceramic. All the figures are vivid and life-like. If one goes further into the pagoda, they will see a relief tunnel of the thirty-three incarnations of the white-robed form of Guanyin (Avalokiteśvara) on a white lotus, with a lovely and interesting design. Another Hall of Yama is built in the 1970s next to the entrance of Dagangshan Chaofeng Temple, located in the Alian District of Kaohsiung. Visitors will also see three statues of the Three Holy Ones of the Western Pureland (Amitābha, Avalokiteśvara, Mahāsthāmaprāpta) which assemble at a lotus pond. Although the hellish scene looks somewhat antiquated, you may still find its previous charm. If one goes further, they will reach the sculptural garden of “Attaining the Bodhi Way: the Incarnation of Sakyamuni Buddha,” where the visitor can see the essence of Bhagavato’s (meaning the Blessed one, one of the common epithets for Buddha) life. When Tathāgata (another epithet for Buddha) was old, the king of Kosala wanted to avenge the arrogance of the tribe of Shakyas who had long despised him, regarding him as a son of a maiden. Although Buddha has sat in lotus position alone three times to stop the army from attacking his tribe. However, one can never reverse the cause and following karma. The prince born of a maiden was so furious that he eventually destroyed his homeland. Maudgalyāyana (one of the Buddha’s closest disciples), who is said to have had supernatural abilities that surpassed the other disciples, could not bear to see the slaughter of innocent people. Thus, he saved five hundred people of his tribe with a pātra (an eating utensil of Buddhist monks). Unfortunately, everything he did was in vain, those who were saved eventually turned into a puddle of blood. The Buddha said that the supernatural abilities cannot surpass the power of karma. The cause and effect work all the time. When Maudgalyāyana’s mother fell into the path of hungry ghost, he used his supernatural abilities to save his mother from hunger. However, all the food turned into fire before being fed to his mother. Later, the Buddha commanded the monks to put nectar and dishes in a basin on the 15th day of the seventh month in the lunar calendar for the monks from all directions to free his mother from reincarnation. In later times, the Ullambana Dharma Service, the Compassionate Samadhi Water Repentance, and the Yoga Collection for Feeding the Searing Mouths Dharma Service are rituals to eliminate karmic hindrance and to cease to worldly delusions. Through such practices, one can free the dead as well as confess their repentance.
Madou Daitian Temple is a magnificent and colorful temple in Tainan. Not only can the worshippers visit the eighteen levels of Hell but also the Heaven (it was built in 1979 and inaugurated in 1983) here. The lighting and sound effects are stunning and frightening. When walking alone in the space, one may feel like taking a Guan Luo Yin trip (a Taoist necromancy which leads people’s spirits to hell and communicate with the dead ones) to visit the underworld prison. Before arriving the first court of the underworld, the visitor will walk through the Mountain of Heart Summit, the Pure Heart Pond, the Frontier between the Living and the Dead Realms, the Soul Registry Hall, the Portico of Demons, the Center for Complementary Teaching of Canonical Books, the Citadel of Premature Death, and the Bridge of Vanity. When one arrives at the first court, they will see King Chin-guang, who is in charge of the court, using the Mirror of Retribution to show the earthly form of evil creatures and also witness the sub-hell of Pillar-Holding and Fire Bed, etc. At the second court, King Chu-jiang collates the register of sins the souls of the dead have committed to impose the punishments. Here, you will see the sub-hell of Excrement and Urine, Hungry Ghost, Burning Dance Floor, Ice, Pus and Blood, Whipping, Tongue-Raking, Sword Blade, Stomach-Piercing, Chopping, etc. Next, the dead at the third court, ruled by King Song-di, will receive the punishments including inversion tortures, face-skinning with steel and copper knife, eye-wrenching, pounding, blood-sucking, rib-piercing, roasting, tendon-taking, being eaten by maggots. The visitor can pay a visit to the Palace of Soul-Resuscitation for the Four Forms of Creatures (birth from an egg, birth from a womb, birth from moisture, and birth by transformation). King Wu-guan is in charge of the fourth court. There are sixteen sub-hells at the fourth court including Waist Chop, Tongue Removal, Boiling Pond, Mouth-stabbing, Skin-peeling, Sword Tree, Burning Wheels and Cart, Eye-shooting, etc. Next, at the fifth court, sinful souls are allowed to ascend the Tower of Hometown-Viewing to take a final look of their family. The visitor will witness sub-hells of Knee-striking, Heart-slicing, Blade Mountain, Flying Swords and Burning Stones, etc. The King of Bian City takes charge of the sixth court, which is also known as the “Great Hell of Screaming,” with sub-hells including Fire Cattle, Tiger-Biting, Kidney-Eating, Mouth-Poking, Throat-Nailing, Iron Mill, Decapitation, etc. The King of Tai-shan is in charge of the seventh court, the “Great Hell of Heat and Fire.” The sixteen sub-hells at this court include Finger-Searing, Bowel-Hauling, Stone-Bearing, Boiling Oil, Tongue-Removal and Cheek-Piercing, etc. Next, the King Du-shi is in charge of the eighth court, the “Great Hell of Intense Fire and Heat,” and the sub-hells including Fire Dogs, Molten Iron, Iron Snakes, Dismemberment, Steel Spikes, Burning-Marrow, Iron Ball, Scale, etc. The ninth court is ruled by the King Ping-deng. It is known as the biggest court, Avici Hell (the Hell of Incessant Suffering), which if the lowest level of the hell realm and the interior is gloomily and terrifyingly dark. Those who committed the most serious evil deed will be sent to the Avici Hell. Sub-hells such as Poisonous Snake, Brain-Removal, Crow-Gnawing, Raining Needles, Wasps and Scorpions are included at this court. After arriving the tenth court, ruled by the Great King of the Reincarnation Palace, one can visit the “Observatory of Life on earth” and the “eight bureaus of the Reincarnation Palace” (including the Bureau of Judicial Control, the Bureau of Good-Actions, the Bureau of Bad-Actions, the Bureau of Debts, Gratitude, and Vengeance, the Bureau of Longevity and Destiny, the Bureau of Familial Ties, the Bureau of the Reincarnated, and the Bureau of Birth). The sinful one will be sent to the Pavilion of Mengpo and made to drink the Soup of Forgetfulness to forget all past affairs. According to the sinful one’s merits of previous life, they will go across one of the six bridges (gold, silver, jade, stone, wood, bamboo) to the “Reincarnation-Wheel (Wheel on the Crimson River).” Finally, one is able to reborn in the six realms. According to the Aṣṭadaśa nāraka sutra ( the Eighteen Hells Sutra), after one passes away, they will enter an intermediate and transitional state between death and rebirth, known as antarābhava in Sanskrit, for forty-nine days. The being will be evaluated by Yama, who will decide if one should get reborn or get punished at the hell. Those who committed the Five Grave Offenses (killing one’s father, killing one’s mother, killing an Arhat, shedding the blood of a Buddha, and creating a schism within the community of Buddhist monks and nun who practice for attaining enlightenment.) will be sent to the Avici Hell and stay there eternally. Kṣitigarbha is the Lord of the Nether World, ruling the ten court of Hell. The lord will set up the “Hall of Teaching” at each court to salvage those sinful ones who still obtain few merits at the offering rituals.
Human beings live the Sahā world (sahāloka in Sanskrit, meaning “endurance of suffering,” a concept of mundane world in Mahāyāna Buddhism) where they share with other reincarnations (including beings of the hells, of the preta, and of malevolent nature spirits) with five turbidities (the Kalpa turbidity, the view turbidity, the affliction turbidity, the living beings turbidity, and the life turbidity). Those who commit the ten evil deeds (killing, stealing, adultery, lying, using immoral language, slandering, equivocating, coveting, anger, and false views) must fall into the three evil paths (animals, preta, and hell). However, how can one escape from the three realms/ twenty-eight heavens (including the six heavens of the desire realm, the eighteen heavens of the form realm, and the four heavens of the formless realm)? Worldly people who don’t have such an awareness cannot leave the cycle of the twelve nidanas (meaning causes or motivations), let alone eliminate the eighty-one afflictions (that have been produced due to misunderstanding regarding reality) and the eighty-eight illusions (including five afflictions of advanced practitioners, also known as five views: view of self, extreme view, evil view, view of attachment to views, and view of morality; and five unintelligent temptations: desire, anger, stupidity, arrogance, and doubt) of thought within the three realms and four Arya satyas (noble truths, including suffering, arising, ending, and path). They cannot realize that the essence of the five skandhas (referring to aggregates of clinging, including the matter of form, sensation, recognition, mental formation, and consciousness) , the twelve ayatana (meaning sense base, including six internal bases: eye, ear, nose, tongue, body, and mind and six external bases: visible objects, sound, odor, taste, touch, and mental objects), and the eighteen dhātavah (meaning compositional elements of human existence, including six consciousness, six faculties, and their objects) are the emptiness and the void. Furthermore, they cannot dispel the two reasons for clinging to the idea of the self and the attachment to elemental constructs and even believe in the two (false) tenets that that karma and nirvana are not real and that the ego and phenomena are real. As a consequence, they fail to develop the eleven wholesome mental factors (faith, energy, conscience, being ashamed, non-attachment, non-aggression, non-delusion, calmness, equanimity, conscientiousness, and non-injuriousness) and cease the sixteen unwholesome mental factors (desire, greed, anger, delusion, arrogance, doubt, wrong view, wrath, enmity, hypocrisy, vexation, jealousy, parsimony, deceit, flattery, harming, ambitiousness, stupidity, lacking of faith, idleness, being unrestrained, forgetting, distraction, non-discernment, ). One must bear in mind that once all our virtuous roots are discontinued, they will be trapped in the never-ending reincarnation and the suffering of infinite continuity.
Is it possible that the hell will be empty one day? If the beings in hell will become extinct while evil spirits inhabit the mundane world, the world could be considered as a pure land. If we could witness the nature of the void, then hell will exist no more.
Since ancient times, the concept of hell has been widely spread among all tribes. Aging, death, beginning, and end are the basis of nature and the core of cosmic consciousness. However, the prosperous civilization as our island is not a place where desire can be eliminated. It’s impossible to eradicate evil nature. Since fetters brought by the constitution, the state, the law, society, the military, corporations, schools, families, and groups are not less than the eighteen levels of hell, the mortals repress themselves, bury their feelings. Day after day, greed, anger, stupidity, arrogance, doubt, and resentment are stacking. However, since the six dust (visible objects, sound, odor, taste, touch, and mental objects) has not yet been extinguished, people in the mundane world are still full of delusions. The demons, devils, evil spirits, and the wondering dead exist in the wilderness, while only advanced practitioners with transcendent would attempt to make contact with the dead in the wasteland and forest. Worldly people like us trespass in Disneyland-like man-made hell. It is absurd and ridiculous that the hellish scenes cannot stop us from perpetrating evil deeds, but the horrific and cruel scenes yet satisfy our self-righteous shame.
The pandemic has been boiling over for more than a year and a half. The number of infected patients worldwide is nearly a hundred and eighty million, and the death toll has risen to four million, which is equivalent to a war crisis. I hope that we can all be compassionate, give peace to the dead, treat all sentient beings well and equally. The hell is innately empty; however, deluded and misleading thoughts would give rise to all jealousy and hatred and then manifest the hell before us. This book merely serves as a memorandum of conscience for dictators of the world’s new cold war, supporters of unrestrained warfare, dark web hackers, and those who are cunning and contemptuous and maltreat others when knowing they have problems.
June 2021,
Yao Jui-chung
迪路 無間道 在 [討論] 無間道系列裏的傻強真傻嗎- 看板movie 的推薦與評價
昨天又看完了無間道2 回味無窮 餘韻猶存
想再找找一些更深的腦補解析
發現了這篇解說傻強角色的 看完之後突然覺得似乎頗有道理
而且新鮮 似乎沒看過有人特別針對這角色評論的
只覺得是用來增添些搞笑氣氛的龍套
以下貼自《李記。生命現場》
文章 https://leefun.synology.me/?p=251
最近不知道怎的，開始回憶起這部八年前的電影。而當想起這部電影的時候，覺得最回味
無窮的角色，竟是傻強。
真傻？假傻？
很多人看傻強，是真的傻，但偏偏傻強常常看到別人看不到的地方，所以他似乎又不是真
的傻。
不善於分析複雜的事情，是傻強真正傻的地方。傻強常常會被身旁的人搞糊塗：不知道韓
琛在打什麼算盤、不知道陳永仁葫蘆裡賣的什麼藥，很多很多的不知道，源自於他真正傻
，傻在不懂得處理複雜的人際關係，也不懂得做人應當如何精打計算。在每一次韓琛的計
算中，傻強都只是一個執行的角色，韓琛並不會讓傻強參與決策的部份，因為他知道傻強
不會懂這些。
但傻強卻又是假傻，因為傻強很明白自己，他知道自己不夠會算計，所以根本就無心參與
無間的鬥爭和煎熬。傻強這人，只求一個自尊和快活。
講到自尊和快活，近來又看「新說水滸」這本書，說到水滸英雄中，許多人上梁山，不過
也是為了自尊、快活。
傻強很明白自己的傻，和自己的出身。要在社會上求得自尊和快活，難了。但從無間道2
傻強與阿仁相遇時的對話，還是可以看到傻強對自尊、快活的渴望。明明自己被縛，在阿
仁眼中不過是待宰羔羊，他仍然要充老大，報名號，並要根煙來抽。
這些動作意味著，傻強明知自己傻，處於劣勢，仍要個別人對他的尊重。
如何得知傻強不傻？
記得一開始的一個片段嗎？
假裝情侶的兩個警員：喂，他們好像發現我們了。
傻強：「那兩個傢伙好像在盯著我」
迪路：「哪兩個傢伙啊？」
傻強：「那兩個啊！正在親熱的那兩個啊！」
迪路：「人家在親熱，哪有盯著你，你明星啊？」
這一段說明的，就是傻強的聰明。許多人認為這只是在安插一些傻強隨便猜中的片段。但
以劇作來說，不需要特別安插一個傻人猜中的戲碼，只為博得觀眾一笑。這一段要強調的
是：傻強有敏銳的直覺和觀察力！
不信嗎？還有另外一段：
傻強(狂吼)：「喂，可卡因數量沒錯！」
迪路：「阿強，你瘋啦？琛哥？」
韓琛：「聽到了，你叫他再大聲說一次，可卡因是他的。」
迪路：「阿強～是琛哥～他叫你再大聲說一次～可卡因是你的～」
傻強：「喔～可卡因～是你的～」
韓琛：「哈哈哈～收貨～」
這一段，想想，除非是真的傻到精神狀況有問題的人，會直接複製人家的話語外。其餘正
常人，都應當聽得出來人家是要求你說「可卡因是你的」，實際上對應的是「可卡因是我
的」，但傻強不這麼說，他選擇當下複製：「可卡因是你的」。這其實是害怕惹事上身，
傻中有聰明，用這句話來應對，而且反正大家都認為自己傻了，也無所謂。
而以下這一段：
傻強：「ㄟ～迪路啊。」
迪路：「啊？」
傻強：「我知道怎樣分辨誰是警察了。」
迪路：「怎麼分？」
傻强：「總之那個人在做事情，但是又不專心的做事情，看著我們的，那就應該是警察。
」
迪路：「對呀！那不滿街都是警察啊！」
傻強：「好多的啊！」
這一段實際上是真正傻強告訴迪路，如何大略的分辨敵我，但迪路神經大條，所以回應說
「對呀！那不滿街都是警察？」。
事實上，傻強只想提醒迪路，小心很多人都可能是警察或是警察的眼線，他當然知道沒那
麼多警察！但他又不喜與人爭論，因此遭到反駁後就乾脆回以「好多的啊！」恢復看似傻
的感覺。這表明了一件事：你信不信沒關係，但這真的是我的心得，而且我覺得有用。相
形之下，真正傻的是沒有觀察力的迪路。
拜韓琛當老大是最幸運的事
但是呢，傻強若不入黑社會，以他的傻，是無法得到尊重、快活的，傻強會被生活壓得喘
不過氣，如此充其量只會是一個平凡人，甚至會是一個得不到自尊和快活的可憐人。這一
點，傻強雖傻，但他知道，所以他不願意這樣過活。
遇到韓琛是傻強最走運的事。因為韓琛一開始就精於算計，我們從《無間道||》這部前傳
看到《無間道》這部本傳，可以看到韓琛一路走來，都是個事事瞭然於胸的人，所以在《
無間道||》中，黃志誠選擇用跟聰明人說話的方式和韓琛溝通。但是韓琛這個時候選擇不
用聰明作事，而用忠義作事，所以不論如何聰明，他要保住倪家的地位。
直到倪永孝逼迫韓琛為求保命來反擊。他可以盡忠，但絕不是愚忠，他可以什麼都給倪家
，但他還求一個合理的對待。倪永孝把這樣一個聰明人逼得跳牆了，結果就是韓琛放棄忠
義，讓韓琛除了精於算計外，又把其「忠義」的特性扭轉而為「城府深」的特性。
韓琛這樣的崛起路程，給了傻強出頭的絕佳機會。韓琛一開始講忠義，傻強是忠義的最佳
體現者。不論韓琛多麼落魄，都是死忠跟著韓琛。韓琛需要一個這樣忠心的下屬。但當韓
琛決心做一個城府深的老大時，他已經對人開始不信任了。此時他還能夠推心置腹的，就
只剩下一個傻強。
傻強也回應了韓琛對他的信任，由始自終，他都不顧自己。「只要老大好，叫我幹什麼都
行」。這是傻強這一人物最大的特色。
而韓琛也沒辱沒了傻強，整部片看來，最了解傻強的，並不是傻強收的好老弟陳永仁，而
是自己的老大韓琛。
韓琛知道傻強的傻是性格傻，卻不是懵懂無知的傻。傻強並非悟性低，是他的性格裡面忠
義大過聰明智慧的重要性，所以才顯得傻！這也是為什麼憑一個傻強，可以作為韓琛信賴
的左右手，最重要的原因！否則，一個精於計算且城府深的人，怎麼可能會讓一個傻子做
事，因為一個全傻的人，是會壞事的！
最佳無間性格
何以說，傻強的個性是無間道中最佳的性格呢？在無間道的設定中，除了黑白兩道絕對的
對立之外，更多的是灰色地帶。偏偏劉健明、陳永仁、黃志誠、韓琛這些人，厭惡這灰色
地帶，他們無所不用其極的，或者想要漂白，或者想要徹底剷除對方，因為他們對這灰色
地帶感到厭惡。
但傻強特別在於，雖然他是韓琛的人，但他並不厭惡這灰色地帶，他甚至活出了一條屬於
灰色的道路。那就是前述的忠義，他憑著絕對的忠，絕對的義，活出自己的道路。傻強絕
不替自己在外樹敵，這是傻強聰明之處，黑道不過是他得到快活、尊重的一條路罷了。在
他的心裡面，他不是黑的，黃志誠等警方人員也不是白的。他只知道盡忠，只知道守義。
傻強從未表現出一般黑道仇視警察的特性。
這就是我說他是最佳無間性格的原因。在這種折磨了多少英雄梟雄的無間環境裡面，他用
忠義，走出了一條不需要選擇黑白的道路，簡單明瞭，卻讓他免於受到如同其他人的無間
痛苦。雖然最後死亡了，可是他死得漂漂亮亮，活出一條屬於傻強的路，沒有未完的心願
、沒有對不起的兄弟、不需要受到良心的譴責，是大大的善終。
是否知道阿仁是臥底
依據一些細節的描述，我們可以看到傻強的性格是忠義至上的，但卻有敏銳的觀察力。以
傻強的性格，絕對有觀察到阿仁一些不對勁的地方。
讓我們來仔細斟酌傻強臨死前這一段：
傻強：「嘿！你都不知道剛才有多險啊。你一說去按摩啊～都不到十分鐘，琛哥就說做事
了」
傻強：「哇！真是怕呀～你知道我來真格的，一向都是溜到最後的嘛！哼…」
傻強：「啊…何況還有槍呢！」
傻強：「我真想跟大家說，哇！我有事，先走了…」
傻強：「前兩天，琛哥叫我進去他的房間裡頭。他問我：『阿強啊！你跟了我多久了啊？
』我那兒記得啊？然後他就說：『阿強，你跟了我五年了，你在這幾年裡頭呢，都很能幹
。我有個問題想問你，就是說如果有兄弟啊，是臥底，你敢不敢殺了他？』他就這樣面對
面的問我，我當然說敢了，你當我真的是傻瓜啊？」
傻強：「啊…結果怎麼樣呢？當然是找不到那臥底了。」
傻強：「哇…那警察硬骨頭，把他抓了上去，他們把他抓了上去，足足打了十分鐘！十分
鐘…十分鐘他一句話也沒說過…」
傻強：「琛哥還說，那警察很會掩飾的。」
傻強：「今天誰沒出現，誰就是臥底…我沒有，我沒說你去按摩，讓琛哥知道你去按摩，
你很倒楣了…」
傻強：「仁哥，我好想問你，那按摩女郎漂亮嗎？你知道…按摩女郎不漂亮，那就沒勁了
。」
傻強：「快走，撞了車，很多警察會來。」
傻強：「總之呢！要記住…如果哪個人，做事不專心，又看著你的話…那個人就是警察…
」
我們必須回憶一下，這段話是傻強在黃Sir死後，於一樓看到阿仁傻站在黃Sir前後，硬拉
著阿仁走之後說的。此時的阿仁，做事不專心，之前不出現，卻在出事後出現，大有可疑
！且此時警匪相拼，阿仁卻是傻著出神，兩不相幫，在此重要時刻表現如此慌張，根本不
像平常的阿仁，傻強再傻都會「心裡有數」。更何況，我們回想無間道2，阿強認識阿仁
的時候，就知道阿仁原本是警察了。
但傻強還是會救阿仁的，因為，傻強心中事實上沒有黑道、白道之分，黑道只是他立身處
世的地方，他並不仇視警察，只是會挺身保護大哥、保護兄弟。因此，此時的傻強表現出
的是「你是不是警察不重要，我一定會保你！」
所以一連串的死前對話下來，傻強第一件要告訴阿仁的是：「琛哥叫我要殺臥底，但只要
臥底是我兄弟，我又怎敢殺我兄弟呢？」
而他講的第二件事是：「那警察被打了十分鐘，什麼都沒有說。」事實上，這件事根本不
需要跟阿仁說，因為那麼多人去圍毆黃Sir，黃Sir說過什麼絕不只他一個人知道，假若他
從沒想過阿仁是警察，他不需要「提醒」他這件事，死之前只要交代「重要的事」就好了
，所以，這代表一件事：傻強認為「黃Sir什麼都沒說」這件事對阿仁很重要！他一定要
告訴阿仁。那麼什麼讓這件事很重要呢？就是阿仁可能是臥底這件事。
第三件事：「我沒說你去按摩」，更是告訴阿仁，其實你很可能是臥底，可是我不在乎，
我只當你是兄弟。
第四件事：「詢問按摩女郎漂不漂亮？」其實只是傻強自己的期望，他真的把阿仁當兄弟
了，就算心裡知道有可能是阿仁，也不會明說，而且他希望還有機會可以跟阿仁一起去開
心。
第五件事：「快走」，要阿仁趕快為自己找條活路。
阿強其實真的知道最有可能是臥底的是阿仁，而且他不是完全峱的人，必要戰鬥需要反應
的時候，他反應也不快，只是他自己保命優先，也會保自己好兄弟的命。所以他在戰場上
，遇到生命危險時的第一優先選擇是「逃」，但真正峱的人會自己逃，不會帶兄弟逃的。
另外一件事就是，從阿強轉述琛哥的話也可以看到，韓琛確實是個心機深重的人。一個這
樣的人，其願意重用的人：傻強，能夠是個純然的傻子嗎？韓琛也知道傻強不是真的傻，
這才是韓琛敢重用傻強的原因！
所以傻強連死前的話都充滿玄機，他根本連問阿仁是不是臥底都省了，因為這個問題，對
傻強而言根本不重要，甚至不想知道！
結語
傻強絕對是個好兄弟，看完無間道，可以看到，傻強這樣的人，做人做到讓阿仁這樣的臥
底都為他的死亡感到哀淒、愧咎。
雖然無間道是距今8年前的片了，但是，還是很多人認為傻強是真傻，特別寫一篇文章詳
細說明我認為他不傻的理由，也辛苦各位看完這篇文章了。
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